Digital Commons Network^™

Markers Of Early Changes In Cognition Across Cohorts Of Adults With Down Syndrome At Risk Of Alzheimer's Disease, Andrew J Aschenbrenner, Jason Hassenstab, Et Al

Open Access Publications

Introduction: Down syndrome (DS), a genetic variant of early onset Alzheimer's disease (AD), lacks a suitable outcome measure for prevention trials targeting pre-dementia stages.

Methods: We used cognitive test data collected in several longitudinal aging studies internationally from 312 participants with DS without dementia to identify composites that were sensitive to change over time. We then conducted additional analyses to provide support for the utility of the composites. The composites were presented to an expert panel to determine the most optimal cognitive battery based on predetermined criteria.

Results: There were common cognitive domains across site composites, which were sensitive to …

A Real-World, Prospective, Multicenter, Single-Arm Observational Study Of Duloxetine In Patients With Major Depressive Disorder Or Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Gyorgy Szekeres, Sandor Rozsa, Peter Dome, Gabor Barsony, Xenia Gonda

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Outcome After Acute Ischemic Stroke Is Linked To Sex-Specific Lesion Patterns, Anna K. Bonkhoff, Laura Heitsch, Chia-Ling Phuah, Et Al

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

The Sulfur Microbial Diet And Risk Of Colorectal Cancer By Molecular Subtypes And Intratumoral Microbial Species In Adult Men, Daniel R. Sikavi, Yin Cao, Et Al

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Assessing The Post‑Treatment Therapeutic Effect Of Pinaverium In Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial, Liang Zheng, Qi Xiao, Et Al

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Pediatric Antimicrobial Stewardship Practices At Discharge: A National Survey, Marie E Wang, Kimberly Felder, Jason G Newland, Adam L Hersh, Nipunie S Rajapakse, Zachary I Willis, Ritu Banerjee, Jeffrey S Gerber, Hayden T Schwenk, Louise E Vaz

Open Access Publications

We surveyed pediatric antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP) site leaders within the Sharing Antimicrobial Reports for Pediatric Stewardship collaborative regarding discharge stewardship practices. Among 67 sites, 13 (19%) reported ASP review of discharge antimicrobial prescriptions. These findings highlight discharge stewardship as a potential opportunity for improvement during the hospital-to-home transition.

Multisociety Statement On Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) Vaccination As A Condition Of Employment For Healthcare Personnel, David J Weber, Hilary M Babcock, Et Al

Open Access Publications

This consensus statement by the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA) and the Society for Post-Acute and Long-Term Care Medicine (AMDA), the Association for Professionals in Epidemiology and Infection Control (APIC), the HIV Medicine Association (HIVMA), the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA), the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society (PIDS), and the Society of Infectious Diseases Pharmacists (SIDP) recommends that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination should be a condition of employment for all healthcare personnel in facilities in the United States. Exemptions from this policy apply to those with medical contraindications to all COVID-19 vaccines available in the United States …

Untargeted Metabolomics And Infrared Ion Spectroscopy Identify Biomarkers For Pyridoxine-Dependent Epilepsy, Udo Fh Engelke, Laura A Jansen, Et Al

Open Access Publications

BackgroundPyridoxine-dependent epilepsy (PDE-ALDH7A1) is an inborn error of lysine catabolism that presents with refractory epilepsy in newborns. Biallelic ALDH7A1 variants lead to deficiency of α-aminoadipic semialdehyde dehydrogenase/antiquitin, resulting in accumulation of piperideine-6-carboxylate (P6C), and secondary deficiency of the important cofactor pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (PLP, active vitamin B6) through its complexation with P6C. Vitamin B6 supplementation resolves epilepsy in patients, but intellectual disability may still develop. Early diagnosis and treatment, preferably based on newborn screening, could optimize long-term clinical outcome. However, no suitable PDE-ALDH7A1 newborn screening biomarkers are currently available.MethodsWe combined the innovative analytical methods untargeted metabolomics and infrared ion spectroscopy to discover …

Neurofibrillary Tau Depositions Emerge With Subthreshold Cerebral Beta-Amyloidosis In Down Syndrome, Matthew D Zammit, Dana L Tudorascu, Charles M Laymon, Sigan L Hartley, Paul A Ellison, Shahid H Zaman, Beau M Ances, Sterling C Johnson, Charles K Stone, Marwan N Sabbagh, Chester A Mathis, William E Klunk, Ann D Cohen, Benjamin L Handen, Bradley T Christian

Open Access Publications

INTRODUCTION: Adults with Down syndrome are genetically predisposed to develop Alzheimer's disease and accumulate beta-amyloid plaques (Aβ) early in life. While Aβ has been heavily studied in Down syndrome, its relationship with neurofibrillary tau is less understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate neurofibrillary tau deposition in individuals with Down syndrome with varying levels of Aβ burden.

METHODS: A total of 161 adults with Down syndrome (mean age = 39.2 (8.50) years) and 40 healthy, non-Down syndrome sibling controls (43.2 (12.6) years) underwent T1w-MRI, [C-11]PiB and [F-18]AV-1451 PET scans. PET images were converted to units of standardized uptake …

White Matter Integrity Of Contralesional And Transcallosal Tracts May Predict Response To Upper Limb Task-Specific Training In Chronic Stroke, Daniela J S Mattos, Jerrel Rutlin, Xin Hong, Kristina Zinn, Joshua S Shimony, Alexandre R Carter

Open Access Publications

OBJECTIVE: To investigate white matter (WM) plasticity induced by intensive upper limb (UL) task specific training (TST) in chronic stroke.

METHODS: Diffusion tensor imaging data and UL function measured by the Action Research Arm Test (ARAT) were collected in 30 individuals with chronic stroke prior to and after intensive TST. ANOVAs tested the effects of training on the entire sample and on the Responders [ΔARAT ≥ 5.8, N = 13] and Non-Responders [ΔARAT < 5.8, N = 17] groups. Baseline fractional anisotropy (FA) values were correlated with ARATpost TST controlling for baseline ARAT and age to identify voxels predictive of response to TST.

RESULTS: While ARAT scores increased following training (p < 0.0001), FA changes within major WM tracts were not significant at p < 0.05. In the Responder group, larger baseline FA of both contralesional (CL) and transcallosal tracts predicted larger ARAT scores post-TST. Subcortical lesions and more severe damage to transcallosal tracts were more pronounced in the Non-Responder than in the Responder group.

CONCLUSIONS: The motor improvements post-TST in the Responder group may reflect the engagement of interhemispheric processes not available to …

Weight And Body Mass Index Change After Switching To Integrase Inhibitors Or Tenofovir Alafenamide Among Women Living With Hiv, Cecile D. Lahiri, Jane O'Halloran, Et Al

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Listeria Exploits Ifitm3 To Suppress Antibacterial Activity In Phagocytes, Joel M. J. Tan, Michael S. Diamond, Et Al

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Family Caregiver Problems In Outpatient Palliative Oncology, Jacquelyn J. Benson, Karla T. Washington, Robin L. Kruse, Debra Parker Oliver, Abigail J. Rolbiecki, George Demiris

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Positive Surgical Margins After Robot-Assisted Partial Nephrectomy Predict Long-Term Oncologic Outcomes For Clinically Localized Renal Masses, B. Malik Wahba, Alexander K. Chow, Kefu Du, Kenneth G. Sands, Alethea G. Paradis, Joel M. Vetter, Ramakrishna Venkatesh, Eric H. Kim, Sam B. Bhayani, R. Sherburne Figenshau

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Study To Enhance Understanding Of Stent-Associated Symptoms: Rationale And Study Design, Charles D. Scales Jr., H. Henry Lai, Alana C. Desai, Jodi A. Antonelli, Naim M. Maalouf, Gregory E. Tasian, Peter P. Reese, Michele Curatolo, Kevin Weinfurt, Hussein R. Al-Khalidi, Hunter Wessells, Ziya Kirkali, Jonathan D. Harper, Niddk Urinary Stone Disease Research Network

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Association Between Smoking And Molecular Subtypes Of Colorectal Cancer, Xiaoliang Wang, Yin Cao, Et Al

Open Access Publications

Background: Smoking is associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. Previous studies suggested this association may be restricted to certain molecular subtypes of CRC, but large-scale comprehensive analysis is lacking.

Methods: A total of 9789 CRC cases and 11 231 controls of European ancestry from 11 observational studies were included. We harmonized smoking variables across studies and derived sex study-specific quartiles of pack-years of smoking for analysis. Four somatic colorectal tumor markers were assessed individually and in combination, including

Results: Heavier smoking was associated with higher risk of CRC overall and stratified by individual markers (

Conclusion: Smoking was associated with …

Cardiac Performance In The First Year Of Age Among Preterm Infants Fed Maternal Breast Milk, Afif El-Khuffash, Adam J. Lewandowski, Amish Jain, Aaron Hamvas, Gautam K. Singh, Philip T. Levy

Open Access Publications

Importance: There is a beneficial association between human breast milk exposure in the neonatal period and cardiac mechanics in adults who were born preterm. It is unknown whether this benefit is apparent in infants in the first year of age.

Objective: To test the hypothesis that higher consumption of mother's own milk in preterm infants is associated with enhanced cardiac performance during the first year of age.

Design, Setting, and Participants: This cross-sectional study of cardiac and nutritional data at an academic medical center included 80 individuals born preterm and 100 individuals in the control group born full-term. All births …

Home Hazard Removal To Reduce Falls Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Randomized Clinical Trial, Susan Stark, Marian Keglovits, Emily Somerville, Yi-Ling Hu, Abigail Barker, Dave Sykora, Yan Yan

Open Access Publications

Importance: Falls are the leading preventable cause of morbidity, mortality, and premature institutionalization for community-dwelling older adults.

Objective: To test the effectiveness of a behavioral intervention on fall risk among older adults receiving services from an Area Agency on Aging.

Design, Setting, and Participants: This randomized clinical trial examined a home hazard removal intervention in the community using a race- and sex-stratified randomization design. Older adults receiving services from the Area Agency on Aging in urban St Louis, Missouri, were assigned to a home hazard removal intervention delivered over 2 weeks with a 6-month booster or usual care control. Eligible …

Critical Roles Of Calpastatin In Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury In Aged Livers, Joseph Flores-Toro, Sung-Kook Chun, Jun-Kyu Shin, Joan Campbell, Melissa Lichtenberger, William Chapman, Ivan Zendejas, Kevin Behrns, Christiaan Leeuwenburgh, Jae-Sung Kim

Open Access Publications

Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury unavoidably occurs during hepatic resection and transplantation. Aged livers poorly tolerate I/R during surgical treatment. Although livers have a powerful endogenous inhibitor of calpains, calpastatin (CAST), I/R activates calpains, leading to impaired autophagy, mitochondrial dysfunction, and hepatocyte death. It is unknown how I/R in aged livers affects CAST. Human and mouse liver biopsies at different ages were collected during in vivo I/R. Hepatocytes were isolated from 3-month- (young) and 26-month-old (aged) mice, and challenged with short in vitro simulated I/R. Cell death, protein expression, autophagy, and mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) between the two age groups were compared. …

Adult Patient Preferences For Long-Acting Adhd Treatments: A Discrete Choice Experiment, M Janelle Cambron-Mellott, Jaromir Mikl, Joana E Matos, Jennifer G Erensen, Kathleen Beusterien, Marc J Cataldo, Bernadette Hallissey, Gregory W Mattingly

Open Access Publications

Background and Objective: Treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) requires a multifaceted approach including psychosocial interventions and pharmacological treatment. This study evaluates preferences for specific attributes associated with different long-acting stimulant treatment among US adults with ADHD.

Methods: Patients completed an online, cross-sectional survey, incorporating a discrete choice experiment to assess preferences for attributes.

Results: Analyses included 200 adults with ADHD (mean age 33.0 years; 60% self-reporting moderate severity); the mean (SD) Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale-v1.1 score was 45.9 (12.4). Overall, patients valued speed of onset most and risk of rebound least. Three population groups with distinct preferences were …

Mortality In Hemodialysis Patients With Covid-19, The Effect Of Paricalcitol Or Calcimimetics, María Dolores Arenas Jimenez, Adriana S Dusso, Et Al

Open Access Publications

BACKGROUND: In COVID-19 patients, low serum vitamin D (VD) levels have been associated with severe acute respiratory failure and poor prognosis. In regular hemodialysis (HD) patients, there is VD deficiency and markedly reduced calcitriol levels, which may predispose them to worse outcomes of COVID-19 infection. Some hemodialysis patients receive treatment with drugs for secondary hyperparathyroidism, which have well known pleiotropic effects beyond mineral metabolism. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of VD status and the administration of active vitamin D medications, used to treat secondary hyperparathyroidism, on survival in a cohort of COVID-19 positive HD patients. …

Emerging Genotype-Phenotype Relationships In Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia, Steven K Brennan, Thomas W Ferkol, Stephanie D Davis

Open Access Publications

Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare inherited condition affecting motile cilia and leading to organ laterality defects, recurrent sino-pulmonary infections, bronchiectasis, and severe lung disease. Research over the past twenty years has revealed variability in clinical presentations, ranging from mild to more severe phenotypes. Genotype and phenotype relationships have emerged. The increasing availability of genetic panels for PCD continue to redefine these genotype-phenotype relationships and reveal milder forms of disease that had previously gone unrecognized.

Exploring Social Media Recruitment Strategies And Preliminary Acceptability Of An Mhealth Tool For Teens With Eating Disorders, Erin Kasson, Melissa M Vázquez, Christine Doroshenko, Ellen E Fitzsimmons-Craft, Denise E Wilfley, C Barr Taylor, Patricia A Cavazos-Rehg

Open Access Publications

(1) Background: The current study leveraged social media to connect with teens with EDs to identify population specific characteristics and to gather feedback on an mHealth intervention. (2) Methods: We recruited teens with EDs from social media in two phases: (1) Discovery Group, (2) Testing Group. The Discovery Group (

A Mouse Model Displays Host And Bacterial Strain Differences In Aerococcus Urinae Urinary Tract Infection, Nicole M Gilbert, Brian Choi, Jingjie Du, Christina Collins, Amanda L Lewis, Catherine Putonti, Alan J Wolfe

Open Access Publications

In recent years, the clinical significance of Aerococcus urinae has been increasingly recognized. A. urinae has been implicated in cases of urinary tract infection (UTI; acute cystitis and pyelonephritis) in both male and female patients, ranging from children to older adults. Aerococcus urinae can also be invasive, causing urosepsis, endocarditis, and musculoskeletal infections. Mechanisms of pathogenesis in A. urinae infections are poorly understood, largely due to the lack of an animal model system. In response to this gap, we developed a model of A. urinae urinary tract infection in mice. We compared A. urinae UTI in female C3H/HeN and C57BL/6 …

Doctor As Street-Level Bureaucrat, Elvin H. Geng

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Severe Maternal Morbidity, Race, And Rurality: Trends Using The National Inpatient Sample, 2012–2017, Alina A. Luke, Kristine Huang, Kathryn J. Lindley, Ebony B. Carter, Karen E. Joynt Maddox

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Development Of A Library Of Laminin-Mimetic Peptide Hydrogels For Control Of Nucleus Pulposus Cell Behaviors, Julie E Speer, Marcos N Barcellona, Michael Y Lu, Zizhen Zha, Liufang Jing, Munish C Gupta, Jacob M Buchowski, Michael P Kelly, Lori A Setton

Open Access Publications

The nucleus pulposus (NP) of the intervertebral disc plays a critical role in distributing mechanical loads to the axial skeleton. Alterations in NP cells and, consequently, NP matrix are some of the earliest changes in the development of disc degeneration. Previous studies demonstrated a role for laminin-presenting biomaterials in promoting a healthy phenotype for human NP cells from degenerated tissue. Here we investigate the use of laminin-mimetic peptides presented individually or in combination on a poly(ethylene) glycol hydrogel as a platform to modulate the behaviors of degenerative human NP cells. Data confirm that NP cells attach to select laminin-mimetic peptides …

Nivolumab Plus Cabozantinib Versus Sunitinib For Advanced Renal-Cell Carcinoma, Toni K. Choueiri, James J. Hsieh, Et Al

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Current Advances In Digital Cognitive Assessment For Preclinical Alzheimer's Disease, Fredrik Öhman, Jason Hassenstab, David Berron, Michael Schöll, Kathryn V Papp

Open Access Publications

There is a pressing need to capture and track subtle cognitive change at the preclinical stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD) rapidly, cost-effectively, and with high sensitivity. Concurrently, the landscape of digital cognitive assessment is rapidly evolving as technology advances, older adult tech-adoption increases, and external events (i.e., COVID-19) necessitate remote digital assessment. Here, we provide a snapshot review of the current state of digital cognitive assessment for preclinical AD including different device platforms/assessment approaches, levels of validation, and implementation challenges. We focus on articles, grants, and recent conference proceedings specifically querying the relationship between digital cognitive assessments and established biomarkers …

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Rv3160c Is Atetr‑Like Transcriptional Repressor That Regulates Expression Of The Putative Oxygenase Rv3161c, Hasan Tükenmez, Souvik Sarkar, Saber Anoosheh, Anastasiia Kruchanova, Isabel Edström, Gregory A. Harrison, Christina L. Stallings, Fredrik Almqvist, Christer Larsson

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.