Digital Commons Network^™

Oasis/Creb3l1 Is A Factor That Responds To Nuclear Envelope Stress, Yasunao Kamikawa, Atsushi Saito, Koji Matsuhisa, Masayuki Kaneko, Rie Asada, Yasunori Horikoshi, Satoshi Tashiro, Kazunori Imaizumi

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Genetic Association Study Of Childhood Aggression Across Raters, Instruments, And Age, Hill F. Ip, Andrew C. Heath, Pamela Madden, Et Al.

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Report From The 6th International Meeting On Bone Marrow Adiposity (Bma2020), Erica L Scheller, Meghan E Mcgee-Lawrence, Beata Lecka-Czernik

Open Access Publications

The 6

Strategies And Tools For Studying Microglial-Mediated Synapse Elimination And Refinement, Raffaella Morini, Matteo Bizzotto, Fabio Perrucci, Fabia Filipello, Michela Matteoli

Open Access Publications

The role of microglia in controlling synapse homeostasis is becoming increasingly recognized by the scientific community. In particular, the microglia-mediated elimination of supernumerary synapses during development lays the basis for the correct formation of neuronal circuits in adulthood, while the possible reactivation of this process in pathological conditions, such as schizophrenia or Alzheimer's Disease, provides a promising target for future therapeutic strategies. The methodological approaches to investigate microglial synaptic engulfment include different

Whole-Exome Sequencing And Hipsc Cardiomyocyte Models Identify Myrip, Trappc11, And Slc27a6 Of Potential Importance To Left Ventricular Hypertrophy In An African Ancestry Population, Marguerite R Irvin, Lisa De Las Fuentes, C Charles Gu, Karen Schwander, Dabeeru C Rao, Et Al

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Sleep-Disordered Breathing In Pregnancy: A Developmental Origin Of Offspring Obesity?, Sarah S Farabi, Linda A Barbour, Teri L Hernandez

Open Access Publications

Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) worsens over pregnancy, and obstructive sleep apnea is associated with serious maternal complications. Intrauterine exposures that provoke insulin resistance (IR), inflammation, or oxidative stress may have long-term offspring health consequences. In obesity, worsening maternal SDB appears to be an exposure that increases the risk for both small- or large-for-gestational-age (SGA, LGA, respectively), suggesting distinct outcomes linked to a common maternal phenotype. The aim of this paper is to systematically review and link data from both mechanistic rodent models and descriptive human studies to characterize the impact of maternal SDB on fetal development. A systematic review of the …

Lumbosacral Plexopathy Due To Pelvic Hematoma After Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: A Case Report, Anson W. Wilks, Muhammad T. Al-Lozi

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

An Open Label, Block Randomized, Community Study Of The Safety And Efficacy Of Co-Administered Ivermectin, Diethylcarbamazine Plus Albendazole Vs. Diethylcarbamazine Plus Albendazole For Lymphatic Filariasis In India, Purushothaman Jambulingam, Vijesh Sreedhar Kuttiatt, Kaliannagounder Krishnamoorthy, Swaminathan Subramanian, Adinarayanan Srividya, Hari Kishan K. Raju, Manju Rahi, Roopali K. Somani, Mallanna K. Suryaprakash, Gangeshwar P. Dwivedi, Gary J Weil

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

A Two-Hit Model Of Alcoholic Liver Disease That Exhibits Rapid, Severe Fibrosis, Monideepa Sengupta, Suomia Abuirqeba, Amina Kameric, Aurore Cecile-Valfort, Arindam Chatterjee, Kristine Griffett, Thomas P. Burris, Colin A. Flaveny

Open Access Publications

Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is responsible for an average of 50.4% and 44.2%of liver disease deaths among males and females respectively. Driven by alcohol misuse, ALD is often reversible by cessation of consumption. However, abstinence programs can have limited success at curtailing abuse, and the loss of life. ALD, therefore, remains a significant clinical challenge. There is a need for effective treatments that prevent or reverse alcohol-induced liver damage to complement or supplant behavioral interventions. Metabolic syndrome, which is disproportionally prevalent in ALD patients, accelerates the progression of ALD and increases liver disease mortality. Current rodent models of ALD unfortunately …

Leishmania Sexual Reproductive Strategies As Resolved Through Computational Methods Designed For Aneuploid Genomes, Jahangheer S Shaik, Deborah E Dobson, David L Sacks, Stephen M Beverley

Open Access Publications

A cryptic sexual reproductive cycle in

Factors Predicting Chronic Opioid Use After Orthopedic Surgical Procedures, Basavana Goudra, Arjun Guthal, Preet Mohinder Singh

Open Access Publications

BACKGROUND: Opioid abuse has been an increasing problem since the 1990s. With over 47,000 opioid related deaths recorded in 2017 alone, concerns have been raised regarding the dangers of introducing opioids perioperatively to patients undergoing major surgeries.

OBJECTIVES: The present study proposes to examine the frequency, amount, and trends in post-operative opioid consumption in patients undergoing orthopedic surgical procedures.

STUDY DESIGN: This was a randomized, retrospective questionnaire-based study.

SETTING: Patients who underwent any type of orthopedic surgery at the University of Pennsylvania Presbyterian Hospital from 1/1/2018 to 3/12/2019 were randomly selected and called during the summer of 2019.

METHODS: In …

Mr-Guided Radiotherapy For Liver Malignancies, Luca Boldrini, Stefanie Corradini, Cihan Gani, Lauren Henke, Ali Hosni, Angela Romano, Laura Dawson

Open Access Publications

MR guided radiotherapy represents one of the most promising recent technological innovations in the field. The possibility to better visualize therapy volumes, coupled with the innovative online adaptive radiotherapy and motion management approaches, paves the way to more efficient treatment delivery and may be translated in better clinical outcomes both in terms of response and reduced toxicity. The aim of this review is to present the existing evidence about MRgRT applications for liver malignancies, discussing the potential clinical advantages and the current pitfalls of this new technology.

Noise Exposure Potentiates Exocytosis From Cochlear Inner Hair Cells, Luis E Boero, Shelby Payne, Maria Eugenia Gómez-Casati, Mark A Rutherford, Juan D Goutman

Open Access Publications

Noise-induced hearing loss has gained relevance as one of the most common forms of hearing impairment. The anatomical correlates of hearing loss, principally cell damage and/or death, are relatively well-understood histologically. However, much less is known about the physiological aspects of damaged, surviving cells. Here we addressed the functional consequences of noise exposure on the capacity of inner hair cells (IHCs) to release synaptic vesicles at synapses with spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs). Mice of either sex at postnatal day (P) 15-16 were exposed to 1-12 kHz noise at 120 dB sound pressure level (SPL), for 1 h. Exocytosis was measured …

Development And Validation Of A Deep Learning Model To Quantify Glomerulosclerosis In Kidney Biopsy Specimens, Jon N. Marsh, Ta-Chiang Liu, Parker C. Wilson, S. Joshua Swamidass, Joseph P. Gaut

Open Access Publications

Importance: A chronic shortage of donor kidneys is compounded by a high discard rate, and this rate is directly associated with biopsy specimen evaluation, which shows poor reproducibility among pathologists. A deep learning algorithm for measuring percent global glomerulosclerosis (an important predictor of outcome) on images of kidney biopsy specimens could enable pathologists to more reproducibly and accurately quantify percent global glomerulosclerosis, potentially saving organs that would have been discarded.

Objective: To compare the performances of pathologists with a deep learning model on quantification of percent global glomerulosclerosis in whole-slide images of donor kidney biopsy specimens, and to determine the …

Fast Inactivation Of Nav Current In Rat Adrenal Chromaffin Cells Involves Two Independent Inactivation Pathways, Pedro L. Martinez-Espinosa, Alan Neely, Jiuping Ding, Christopher J. Lingle

Open Access Publications

Voltage-dependent sodium (Nav) current in adrenal chromaffin cells (CCs) is rapidly inactivating and tetrodotoxin (TTX)-sensitive. The fractional availability of CC Nav current has been implicated in regulation of action potential (AP) frequency and the occurrence of slow-wave burst firing. Here, through recordings of Nav current in rat CCs, primarily in adrenal medullary slices, we describe unique inactivation properties of CC Nav inactivation that help define AP firing rates in CCs. The key feature of CC Nav current is that recovery from inactivation, even following brief (5 ms) inactivation steps, exhibits two exponential components of similar amplitude. Various paired pulse protocols …

Sex-Dimorphic Genetic Effects And Novel Loci For Fasting Glucose And Insulin Variability, Vasiliki Lagou, Ping An, Michael A. Province, Et Al.

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Recessive Col4a2 Mutation Leads To Intellectual Disability, Epilepsy, And Spastic Cerebral Palsy, Somayeh Bakhtiari, Abbas Tafakhori, Sheng Chih Jin, Brandon S. Guida, Elham Alehabib, Saghar Firouzabadi, Kaya Bilguvar, Michael C. Fahey, Hossein Darvish, Michael C. Kruer

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Quantitative Evaluation Of Frequency Domain Measurements In High Density Diffuse Optical Tomography, Guy A. Perkins, Adam T. Eggebrecht, Hamid Dehghani

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Dengue And The Lectin Pathway Of The Complement System, Romchat Kraivong, Nuntaya Punyadee, M Kathryn Liszewski, John P Atkinson, Panisadee Avirutnan

Open Access Publications

Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral disease causing significant health and economic burdens globally. The dengue virus (DENV) comprises four serotypes (DENV1-4). Usually, the primary infection is asymptomatic or causes mild dengue fever (DF), while secondary infections with a different serotype increase the risk of severe dengue disease (dengue hemorrhagic fever, DHF). Complement system activation induces inflammation and tissue injury, contributing to disease pathogenesis. However, in asymptomatic or primary infections, protective immunity largely results from the complement system's lectin pathway (LP), which is activated through foreign glycan recognition. Differences in N-glycans displayed on the DENV envelope membrane influence the lectin pattern …

Activated Microglia Mitigate Aβ-Associated Tau Seeding And Spreading, Maud Gratuze, Yun Chen, Samira Parhizkar, Nimansha Jain, Michael R. Strickland, Javier Remolina Serrano, Marco Colonna, Jason D. Ulrich, David M. Holtzman

Open Access Publications

In Alzheimer's disease (AD) models, AD risk variants in the microglial-expressed TREM2 gene decrease Aβ plaque-associated microgliosis and increase neuritic dystrophy as well as plaque-associated seeding and spreading of tau aggregates. Whether this Aβ-enhanced tau seeding/spreading is due to loss of microglial function or a toxic gain of function in TREM2-deficient microglia is unclear. Depletion of microglia in mice with established brain amyloid has no effect on amyloid but results in less spine and neuronal loss. Microglial repopulation in aged mice improved cognitive and neuronal deficits. In the context of AD pathology, we asked whether microglial removal and repopulation decreased …

Il-7 Immunotherapy In A Nonimmunocompromised Patient With Intractable Fungal Wound Sepsis, Isaiah R. Turnbull, Monty B. Mazer, Mark H. Hoofnagle, John P. Kirby, Jennifer M. Leonard, Carlos Mejia-Chew, Andrej Spec, Jane Blood, Sydney M. Miles, Eric M. Ransom, Robert F. Potter, Joseph P. Gaut, Kenneth E. Remy, Richard S. Hotchkiss

Open Access Publications

A nonimmunocompromised patient developed life-threatening soft tissue infection with

Programmed Cell Death Recruits Macrophages Into The Developing Mouse Cochlea, Vikrant Borse, Tejbeer Kaur, Ashley Hinton, Kevin Ohlemiller, Mark E Warchol

Open Access Publications

Programmed cell death (PCD) plays a critical role in the development and maturation of the cochlea. Significant remodeling occurs among cells of the greater epithelial ridge (GER) of Kölliker's organ, leading to tissue regression and formation of the inner sulcus. In mice, this event normally occurs between postnatal days 5-15 (P5-15) and is regulated by thyroid hormone (T3). During this developmental time period, the cochlea also contains a large population of macrophages. Macrophages are frequently involved in the phagocytic clearance of dead cells, both during development and after injury, but the role of macrophages in the developing cochlea is unknown. …

Shifting Pathways Of Stimulant Use Among Individuals With Opioid Use Disorder: A Retrospective Analysis Of The Last Thirty Years, Matthew S Ellis, Zachary A Kasper, Stephen Scroggins

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Overlapping But Disparate Inflammatory And Immunosuppressive Responses To Sars-Cov-2 And Bacterial Sepsis: An Immunological Time Course Analysis, Tyler J Loftus, Ricardo Ungaro, Marvin Dirain, Philip A Efron, Monty B Mazer, Kenneth E Remy, Richard S Hotchkiss, Luer Zhong, Rhonda Bacher, Petr Starostik, Lyle L Moldawer, Scott C Brakenridge

Open Access Publications

Both severe SARS-CoV-2 infections and bacterial sepsis exhibit an immunological dyscrasia and propensity for secondary infections. The nature of the immunological dyscrasias for these differing etiologies and their time course remain unclear. In this study, thirty hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection were compared with ten critically ill patients with bacterial sepsis over 21 days, as well as ten healthy control subjects. Blood was sampled between days 1 and 21 after admission for targeted plasma biomarker analysis, cellular phenotyping, and leukocyte functional analysis

Associations Between Education And Dementia In The Caribbean And The United States: An International Comparison, Jing Li, Jorge J Llibre-Guerra, Amal Harrati, Jordan Weiss, Ivonne Z Jiménez-Velázquez, Daisy Acosta, Juan De Jesús Llibre-Rodriguez, Mao-Mei Liu, William H Dow

Open Access Publications

Introduction: Despite high dementia prevalence in Hispanic populations globally, especially Caribbean Hispanics, no study has comparatively examined the association between education and dementia among Hispanics living in the Caribbean Islands and older adults in the United States.

Methods: We used data on 6107 respondents aged 65 and older in the baseline wave of the population-based and harmonized 10/66 survey from Cuba, the Dominican Republic, and Puerto Rico, collected between 2003 and 2008, and 11,032 respondents aged 65 and older from the U.S.-based Health and Retirement Study data in 2014, a total of 17,139 individuals. We estimated multivariable logistic regression models …

Harnessing The Potential Of Multiomics Studies For Precision Medicine In Infectious Disease, Rebecca A. Ward, Philip A. Mudd, Rachel M. Presti, Andrej Spec, Et Al

Open Access Publications

The field of infectious diseases currently takes a reactive approach and treats infections as they present in patients. Although certain populations are known to be at greater risk of developing infection (eg, immunocompromised), we lack a systems approach to define the true risk of future infection for a patient. Guided by impressive gains in "omics" technologies, future strategies to infectious diseases should take a precision approach to infection through identification of patients at intermediate and high-risk of infection and deploy targeted preventative measures (ie, prophylaxis). The advances of high-throughput immune profiling by multiomics approaches (ie, transcriptomics, epigenomics, metabolomics, proteomics) hold …

Evaluation Of Commercial Rapid Lateral Flow Tests, Alone Or In Combination, For Sars-Cov-2 Antibody Testing, Peter U Fischer, Kerstin Fischer, Kurt C Curtis, Yuefang Huang, Nicole Fetcho, Charles W Goss, Gary J Weil

Open Access Publications

Antibody tests can be tools for detecting current or past severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2 [coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)]) infections. Independent test evaluations are needed to document the performance with different sample sets. We evaluated six lateral flow assays (LFAs) and two laboratory-based tests (EUROIMMUN-SARS-CoV-2 ELISA and Abbott-Architect-SARS-CoV-2-IgG). We tested 210 plasma samples from 89 patients diagnosed with acute COVID-19. These samples were collected at different time points after the onset of symptoms. In addition, 80 convalescent plasma samples, and 168 pre-pandemic samples collected from adults in the United States and in Africa were tested. LFA performance varied …

The Role Of B Cells In Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis, Jameson P Holloman, Robert C Axtell, Nancy L Monson, Gregory F Wu

Open Access Publications

The success of ocrelizumab in reducing confirmed disability accumulation in primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) via CD20-targeted depletion implicates B cells as causal agents in the pathogenesis of PPMS. This review explores the possible mechanisms by which B cells contribute to disease progression in PPMS, specifically exploring cytokine production, antigen presentation, and antibody synthesis. B cells may contribute to disease progression in PPMS through cytokine production, specifically GM-CSF and IL-6, which can drive naïve T-cell differentiation into pro-inflammatory Th1/Th17 cells. B cell production of the cytokine LT-α may induce follicular dendritic cell production of CXCL13 and lead indirectly to T …

Impact Of New Unos Allocation Criteria On Heart Transplant Practices And Outcomes, Jason Liu, Bin Q. Yang, Akinobu Itoh, Mohammed Faraz Masood, Justin C. Hartupee, Joel D. Schilling

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Dairy Intake During Adolescence And Risk Of Colorectal Adenoma Later In Life, Katharina Nimptsch, Yin Cao, Et Al

Open Access Publications

BACKGROUND: Higher dairy intake during adulthood has been associated with lower colorectal cancer risk. As colorectal carcinogenesis spans several decades, we hypothesised that higher dairy intake during adolescence is associated with lower risk of colorectal adenoma, a colorectal cancer precursor.

METHODS: In 27,196 females from the Nurses' Health Study 2, aged 25-42 years at recruitment (1989), who had completed a validated high school diet questionnaire in 1998 and undergone at least one lower bowel endoscopy between 1998 and 2011, logistic regression for clustered data was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).

RESULTS: Colorectal adenomas were …