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Proactive Hiv Testing Among Youth, Oluwamuyiwa Winifred Adebayo
Proactive Hiv Testing Among Youth, Oluwamuyiwa Winifred Adebayo
Open Access Dissertations
HIV testing is used to identify people at risk for HIV infection, or those who are infected, and provide linkage to appropriate care that will decrease HIV risk or manage HIV infection. However, youth have low rates of HIV testing and participate in testing mainly due to recommendations from healthcare providers. The purpose of this dissertation was to explore the factors that influence proactive HIV testing among youth and how these factors are related to the decision to test for HIV infection. The Information Motivation Behavior (IMB) model, and the Ottawa Decision Support Framework (ODSF) were used to guide the …
From Replication To Assembly, A Thesis On The Fate Of The Alphavirus Rna Genome During Infection, Adriano Mendes
From Replication To Assembly, A Thesis On The Fate Of The Alphavirus Rna Genome During Infection, Adriano Mendes
Open Access Dissertations
Positive strand RNA viruses employ a similar strategy with regards to their replication cycle. Generally, these viruses insert their RNA genome into a cell, followed by the replication of the genome and then the assembly of a particle. This pathway makes the genomic RNA of the virus, a substrate for at least three different reactions within an infected cell. These being translation, RNA synthesis/ RNA replication and assembly of a virion. This thesis will outline studies, which aimed at understanding how a model RNA virus controls when and where each process is carried out. The alphaviruses are a group of …
Measurement Of Airport Operations Using A Low-Cost Transponder Data Receiver And Collection Unit, John H. Mott
Measurement Of Airport Operations Using A Low-Cost Transponder Data Receiver And Collection Unit, John H. Mott
Open Access Dissertations
Accurate counts of aircraft operations at unmonitored or partially-monitored general aviation airports are important due to their role in the allocation of funds for airport development and improvement. While the Federal Aviation Administration annually invests approximately $1B in small commercial and general aviation airports, fewer than 270 of these 2,950 airports have either full- or part-time air traffic personnel available to register operations counts. Aircraft operations at airports with limited personnel may be counted using temporary acoustic, pneumatic, or video devices, and observations from contract staff. The related sample sizes are inherently small, leading to inaccuracies in the extrapolation of …
Shear-Induced Aggregation And Ordering Of Amylopectin Dispersion Affected By Hydrocolloids, Fang Fang
Shear-Induced Aggregation And Ordering Of Amylopectin Dispersion Affected By Hydrocolloids, Fang Fang
Open Access Dissertations
Amylopectin is a naturally highly-branched biomacromolecule. Amylopectin molecules with re-ordered structure have high viscosity and viscoelastic properties that may have potentially good nutritional functions such as providing long-lasting energy to the human body and delaying stomach empty among other properties. However, the amylopectin molecular re-ordering process under static conditions normally takes much longer time than amylose to achieve a desired and relatively stable structure. A simple but novel approach consisting in applying a constant shear rate of 20 s-1 at a temperature of 5oC for 24 hours was proposed in this study to accelerate the re-ordering process of gelatinized waxy …
Development Of Novel Proteomic Strategies To Dissect Plant Phosphoproteomic Signaling Under Environmental Stresses, Chuan-Chih Hsu
Development Of Novel Proteomic Strategies To Dissect Plant Phosphoproteomic Signaling Under Environmental Stresses, Chuan-Chih Hsu
Open Access Dissertations
Protein phosphorylation is one of the important signaling mechanisms in plants which transduces environmental stimuli such as salinity, microbes, and hormones into intracellular signals and activates plant defense mechanisms. Thus, understanding the correlation between environmental stresses and alteration of plant phosphorylation requires system-wide phosphoproteomic analysis, which includes identification of kinase-substrate complexes and measurement of phosphorylation-mediated signaling changes. However, identification and quantification of plant phosphoproteome remains challenging due to the highly dynamic nature of plant proteome, interferences of cell wall, pigments, and secondary metabolites. Recently, mass spectrometry (MS) has been integrated with phosphopeptide enrichment approaches for identifying thousands of phosphorylation sites …
Intravascular Photoacoustic Imaging Of Lipid-Laden Plaque: From Fundamental Concept Towards Clinical Translation, Jie Hui
Open Access Dissertations
Atherosclerosis is the major form of cardiovascular disease, which has been the number one cause of death in the United States and worldwide for a century. Among the different plaque types, vulnerable plaques account for the majority of fatal acute coronary syndromes due to their rupture and thrombosis. Currently, there are no clinically available imaging tools to reliably and accurately detect vulnerable plaques largely due to the lack of chemical selectivity. This gap, along with the increasing prevalence of coronary artery diseases, highlight an unmet clinical need for an imaging modality with both chemical selectivity and enough depth resolution to …
Quality By Design In Twin Screw Granulation, Shankali U. Pradhan
Quality By Design In Twin Screw Granulation, Shankali U. Pradhan
Open Access Dissertations
Granulation is often used as a size enlargement unit operation in various solid handling and powder processing industries such as pharmaceuticals, foods, detergents, catalysts, and particulate chemicals. Granulation helps to mitigate issues related to poor flowability, dust hazards, and powder segregation. Traditionally, granulation has been performed in the batch mode of operation. More recently, the United States Food and Drug Administration is encouraging manufacturers to adopt continuous processing due its several advantages over batch manufacturing. Twin screw granulation is therefore becoming increasingly relevant due to its compact size, continuous and robust mode of operation, flexible and customizable design, and flexible …
Electrochemical Synthesis Of Thin Films For Use As Water And Biofuel Electrocatalysts, Morrisa Regis
Electrochemical Synthesis Of Thin Films For Use As Water And Biofuel Electrocatalysts, Morrisa Regis
Open Access Dissertations
In creating a society focused on responsible energy production and consumption, green chemistry is now at the forefront of much scientific research. Interest in renewable energy and alternative fuels is by no means new but with the rapidly depleting fossil fuel resources, and hazardous byproducts of its production and use the areas hold the most promising answers to the looming energy crisis. Suitable catalyst materials for electrochemical water reduction and biomass conversion, specifically 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) reduction, have been previously identified. In the case of water electrolysis, precious metal catalysts are excellent due to the low energy input, however they are …
A Computational And Experimental Investigation Of Lignin Metabolism In Arabidopsis Thaliana., Rohit Jaini
A Computational And Experimental Investigation Of Lignin Metabolism In Arabidopsis Thaliana., Rohit Jaini
Open Access Dissertations
Predominantly localized in plant secondary cell walls, lignin is a highly crosslinked, aromatic polymer that imparts structural support to plant vasculature, and renders biomass recalcitrant to pretreatment techniques impeding the economical production of biofuels. Lignin is synthesized via the phenylpropanoid pathway where the primary precursor phenylalanine (Phe) undergoes a series of functional modifications catalyzed by 11 enzyme families to produce p-coumaryl, coniferyl, and sinapyl alcohol, which undergo random polymerization into lignin. Several metabolic engineering efforts have aimed to alter lignin content and composition, and make biofuel feedstock more amenable to pretreatment techniques. Despite significant advances, several questions pertaining to carbon …
Functional Characterization Of Two Novel Myofiber Type-Specific Non-Histone Protein Methyltransferases, Chao Wang
Open Access Dissertations
Skeletal muscles are composed of muscle cells or myofibers which are classified as four types (I, IIa, IIx/d, and IIb), with different physiological, biochemical, structural and metabolic characteristics. The molecular regulation of myofiber identify is not completely understood. I identified methyltransferase like 21 (Mettl21) e and Mettl21c as the type IIb and type I myofiber- specific protein, respectively. The aim of this dissertation was to determine the function of Mettl21e and Mettl21c in regulating myofiber identity. In the first part of the thesis, I used in silico approaches to identify Mettl21e as one of the top up-regulated genes in myostatin …
Endocrine Disrupting Effects Of Halogenated Chemicals On Fish, Amy Elizabeth Godfrey
Endocrine Disrupting Effects Of Halogenated Chemicals On Fish, Amy Elizabeth Godfrey
Open Access Dissertations
Halogenated chemicals are commonly used in a variety of everyday products such as cookware, electronics, furniture and baby products. Some of these chemicals have been found to negatively affect development and endocrine disruption. Therefore, there is a need for the development of next generation replacements that are less toxic; however, more studies need to be conducted to ensure their safety. The main objective of this dissertation was to assess the endocrine disrupting potential of halogenated and next generation chemicals, singly and in mixtures, in fish. We tested three well studied halogens, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), tris (1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCPP) and tetrabromobisphenal …
Skeletal Biomechanics And Response To Mechanical Load: A Comparative Approach In The Mouse And Chukar Partridge, Kari A. Verner
Skeletal Biomechanics And Response To Mechanical Load: A Comparative Approach In The Mouse And Chukar Partridge, Kari A. Verner
Open Access Dissertations
Dynamic mechanical loading plays an important role in regulating bone geometry and strength. A healthy skeleton adapts to the bone tissue strain profile and magnitude of loads it experiences on a daily basis in order to maintain reasonable safety factors. In skeletal diseases, such as osteoporosis, a bone’s ability to adapt and maintain structural integrity in response to increased mechanical strains is apparently impaired, which allows skeletal resorption to progress unabated and could eventually lead to mechanical failure. In order to develop better treatments for bone wasting diseases, it is important to understand the mechanobiology of how the healthy skeleton …
Electrophysiological, Behavioral, And Histological Assessment Of The Thalamocortical Network As A Stimulation Target For Central Auditory Neuroprostheses, Ryan Scott Verner
Electrophysiological, Behavioral, And Histological Assessment Of The Thalamocortical Network As A Stimulation Target For Central Auditory Neuroprostheses, Ryan Scott Verner
Open Access Dissertations
Brain-machine interfaces aim to restore natural sensation or locomotion to individuals who have lost such ability. While the field of neuroprostheses has developed some flagship technologies which have enjoyed great clinical success, such as the cochlear implant, it is generally understood that no single device will be ideal for all patients. For example, the cochlear implant is unable to help patients suffering from neurofibromatosis type 2, which is commonly characterized by bilateral vestibular schwannomas for which surgical removal requires transection of the auditory nerve. In an effort to develop stimulatory neuroprostheses which can help the maximum number of patients, research …
Turning A Multivalent Lens Toward Depictions Of Artificial Intelligence (Ai) In Film, Ashley Ann Albrecht
Turning A Multivalent Lens Toward Depictions Of Artificial Intelligence (Ai) In Film, Ashley Ann Albrecht
Open Access Dissertations
With innovations in the field of artificial intelligence (AI) advancing at an exponential rate, it is ever the more pertinent to interrogate the ramifications and potentialities of these developments. Luciano Floridi, known as “the Google philosopher,” considers this phenomenon an integral part of the digital information age or the “Fourth Revolution.” We are now forced to confront the following problems: What is the relationship between humans and AI? What does it mean to be “human”? What futures are possible given our current coevolution with AI? Such questions motivate close philosophical consideration. Here, the theoretical polarization of the doomsday neo-Luddite versus …
Elucidating The Biosynthetic Routes And Biological Mechanisms Involved In The Release Of Phenylpropanoid/Benzenoid Volatiles From Plant Cells, Funmilayo Adebesin
Elucidating The Biosynthetic Routes And Biological Mechanisms Involved In The Release Of Phenylpropanoid/Benzenoid Volatiles From Plant Cells, Funmilayo Adebesin
Open Access Dissertations
Sessile organisms, such as plants, have developed intricate means of responding and interacting with their environment in order to grow, reproduce, and survive environmental stresses such as attacks by other organisms and competition for resources with neighboring organisms. Plant volatile organic compounds (VOCs) play vital roles in resolving these evolutionary constraints associated with the sedentary nature of plants by attracting pollinators and seed dispersers necessary for reproduction. VOCs also mediate plant-plant interactions and provide defense against biotic stresses (pathogens, predators, and herbivores) and abiotic stresses (oxidative stress, high temperature stress, drought). Beyond the importance of VOCs to plants, humans have …
Chemical Reactions In The Gas Phase, Solution Phase And At Interfaces To Facilitate Mass Spectrometric Analysis And Rapid Synthesis, Stephen T. Ayrton
Chemical Reactions In The Gas Phase, Solution Phase And At Interfaces To Facilitate Mass Spectrometric Analysis And Rapid Synthesis, Stephen T. Ayrton
Open Access Dissertations
Chemical derivatization is the act of taking an analyte and transforming it into something with more desirable properties, typically for analytical purposes. In the cases presented here, the desirable properties are those which increase the ionization efficiency of the species of interest or those which facilitate the discrimination of isomers. Nanoparticles are often utilized in biological assays, but unless they are made of metal such that they can be ionized directly by inductively coupled plasma (ICP) ionization, they are undetectable by mass spectrometry. Surface functionalization of silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) facilitates the reversible binding of highly ionizable molecules which can serve …
Wheat-Hessian Fly Interactions: Fitness Costs And Phenotypic Characterizations, Verónica A. Campos Medina
Wheat-Hessian Fly Interactions: Fitness Costs And Phenotypic Characterizations, Verónica A. Campos Medina
Open Access Dissertations
The Hessian fly-wheat relationship and its genetic tractability offer us a good system to address different questions that can help to improve not only the strategies used to control this pest, but also our understanding of the insect-plant relationship. Thus, taking advantage of these features in this study I examined the fitness cost of the loss of function of a virulence gene and I made a phenotypic characterization of this insect-host relationship. First, this thesis has an introductory part, chapter one, presenting background information about the Hessian fly-wheat interaction. Chapter two explores an allele competition approach to detect fitness costs …
Effects Of Calcium Hydroxide Treated Corn Stover Inclusion As A Partial Forage Replacement In Diets For Lactating Dairy Cows, Brittany Casperson
Effects Of Calcium Hydroxide Treated Corn Stover Inclusion As A Partial Forage Replacement In Diets For Lactating Dairy Cows, Brittany Casperson
Open Access Dissertations
There is a large quantity of harvestable corn stover available in the United States. Due to the high maturity at harvest and subsequent low digestibility, the use of corn stover as a livestock feedstuff is limited. Several treatment and processing strategies have been explored in order to increase yield of fermentable sugars and lessen the limitation of corn stover as a feedstuff. Alkaline pretreatment has been applied to enhance the digestibility of low quality feeds, improve the feeding value, and permit use in livestock rations. The central hypothesis of this dissertation is that calcium hydroxide treatment would improve the feeding …
Design And Synthesis Of Molybdenum-Dioxo Complexes And The Development Of Novel Methodologies, Kelsey Cantwell
Design And Synthesis Of Molybdenum-Dioxo Complexes And The Development Of Novel Methodologies, Kelsey Cantwell
Open Access Dissertations
Molybdenum-centered enzymes occur naturally throughout a variety of organisms. These enzymes have shown interesting reactivities, including oxygen atom transfer reactions. As such, there has been a great deal of interest in creating synthetic analogs of these complexes to further probe the reactive properties of molybdenum catalysts. This work focuses on designing and synthesizing molybdenum complexes for oxygen atom transfer reactions. The first chapter will discuss the design, synthesis, and characterization of three molybdenum dioxo complexes used in sulfoxidation reactions. It will also discuss the development of this reaction methodology, as well as cover substrate scope and application to total synthesis …
Border Relations: A Bioarchaeological Lnvestigation Of The Xiongnu Polity, Jeremy J. Beach
Border Relations: A Bioarchaeological Lnvestigation Of The Xiongnu Polity, Jeremy J. Beach
Open Access Dissertations
The Xiongnu were the first mobile pastoralist steppe polity to rise up from the Mongolian Steppe. Previous scholarship attributed the emergence of the Xiongnu to their peripheral location and interactions with sedentary China. It was argued that a polity the size of the Xiongnu could not be sustained on a pastoral economy, therefore they turned their attention to interactions with China to fuel their economic and political growth outside of the steppe. This line of thought has come to be known as Dependency Theory and food was at the center of this dependency argument. The expansion of a pastoral economy …
Developing And Measuring Effectiveness Of A New Evidence-Based Grain Storage And Handling Safety Curriculum Targeting Young And Beginning Workers, Yuan-Hsin Cheng
Developing And Measuring Effectiveness Of A New Evidence-Based Grain Storage And Handling Safety Curriculum Targeting Young And Beginning Workers, Yuan-Hsin Cheng
Open Access Dissertations
Research was conducted on the development, testing, and implementation of an original, evidence-based curriculum (Against the Grain) designed to reduce the frequency and severity of the most frequent types of injuries and fatalities involving young and beginning workers, ages 14-20, at grain storage and handling operations. This population has historically accounted for approximately 24% of documented entrapments, engulfments, asphyxiations, entanglements, falls, and electrocutions associated with grain handling and storage. This includes incidents during both workrelated and non-work or recreational activities. Curriculum contents were based upon data summarized from Purdue’s Agricultural Confined Spaces Incident Database (PACSID), review of relevant injury prevention …
Learning Electron Transport Chain Process In Photosynthesis Using Video And Serious Game, Cecilia Espinoza Morales
Learning Electron Transport Chain Process In Photosynthesis Using Video And Serious Game, Cecilia Espinoza Morales
Open Access Dissertations
This research investigates students' learning about the electron transport chain (ETC) process in photosynthesis by watching a video followed by playing a serious board game-Electron Chute- that models the ETC process. To accomplish this goal, several learning outcomes regarding the misconceptions students' hold about photosynthesis and the ETC process in photosynthesis were defined. Middle school students need opportunities to develop cohesive models that explain the mechanistic processes of biological systems to support their learning. A six-week curriculum on photosynthesis included a one day learning activity using an ETC video and the Electron Chute game to model the ETC process. The …
Effects Of Acute Aerobic Exercise On Whole Genome Nucleosome Maps, Transcriptomics And Acylcamitine Metabolomics In Skeletal Muscle Of Lean Vs Overweight/Obese Men, Prasad P. Devarshi
Effects Of Acute Aerobic Exercise On Whole Genome Nucleosome Maps, Transcriptomics And Acylcamitine Metabolomics In Skeletal Muscle Of Lean Vs Overweight/Obese Men, Prasad P. Devarshi
Open Access Dissertations
Skeletal muscle mitochondrial dysfunction, evidenced by incomplete beta oxidation and accumulation of fatty acid intermediates in the form of long and medium chain acylcarnitines, may contribute to ectopic lipid deposition and insulin resistance during high fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. Anterograde and retrograde communication play a role in nucleo-mitochondrial crosstalk that determines skeletal muscle mitochondrial adaptations, specifically alterations in mitochondrial number and function in relation to obesity and insulin resistance. High fat diet (HFD) feeding affects the expression of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes (NEMGs) nuclear receptor factor 1 (NRF-1), 2 (NRF-2) and peroxisome proliferator receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC-1α) thereby, playing …
A Supervised Learning Approach For Dynamic Sampling (Slads), Gunawath Mudiyanselage Dilshan Prasanjana Godaliyadda
A Supervised Learning Approach For Dynamic Sampling (Slads), Gunawath Mudiyanselage Dilshan Prasanjana Godaliyadda
Open Access Dissertations
Sparse sampling schemes can broadly be classified in to two main categories: static sampling where the sampling pattern is predetermined, and dynamic sampling where each new measurement location is selected based on information obtained from previous measurements. Dynamic sampling methods are particularly appropriate for point-wise imaging methods in which pixels are measured sequentially in arbitrary order. Examples of point-wise imaging schemes include certain implementations of atomic force microscopy (AFM), electron back scatter diffraction (EBSD), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). In these point-wise imaging applications, dynamic sparse sampling methods have the potential to dramatically reduce the number of measurements required to …
Thermal Perches As Cooling Devices For Reducing Heat Stress In Caged Laying Hens, Jiaying Hu
Thermal Perches As Cooling Devices For Reducing Heat Stress In Caged Laying Hens, Jiaying Hu
Open Access Dissertations
Heat stress (HS) is one of the most detrimental environmental stressors that affect poultry. Many egg companies are located in tropical and subtropical areas where HS is a year round problem. Global climate change is causing more hot days and frequent unexpected heat waves. Animal health and welfare status are greatly compromised under high ambient temperatures. In laying hens, HS negatively affects livability, egg production, shell quality, and the internal quality of eggs. Induced molting, used to rejuvenate flocks, is a common managerial practice that extends the productive life of egg laying flocks. Molting brings the flock into a second …
Design And Statistical Analysis Of Mass Spectrometry Imaging Experiments, April Janae Harry
Design And Statistical Analysis Of Mass Spectrometry Imaging Experiments, April Janae Harry
Open Access Dissertations
The goal of mass spectrometry-based imaging (MSI) is to characterize the chemical composition of biological samples such as tissues in spatial resolution, and changes in the composition between conditions such as the status of a disease. A single mass spectrometry image is a collection of mass spectra at gridded locations on a tissue. When acquired over multiple biological individuals, tissues, and conditions, the resulting datasets are tremendously complex in both scale and in the stochastic structure of the quantified spectral features. Accurate characterization of the biological and technical variation in these experiments is therefore key for deriving sensitive and reproducible …
Development Of Biosensor Materials For Sensitive Detection Of Viral Rna And Foodborne Pathogen, Seon-Ah Jin
Development Of Biosensor Materials For Sensitive Detection Of Viral Rna And Foodborne Pathogen, Seon-Ah Jin
Open Access Dissertations
Pathogen detection for clinical diagnosis, vector surveillance and control is one of the important issues for public health and safety. Biosensing is considered as one of the promising techniques for pathogen detection due to its potential for rapid, simple, and relatively inexpensive detection. However, many biosensors still have limitations for commercialization. Development of materials and new detection methods are the ways to overcome these limitations [1, 2]. This study aims to develop rapid and sensitive material platforms for detection of the dengue viral RNA (Chapter 2 and 3) and the foodborne pathogen Escherichia coli O157:H7 (Chapter 4). Two different materials …
Investigating The Role Of Induced Acinar Specific Transcription Factors In Pancreatic Tumor Cells And Their Target Gene Effects On Tumorgenic Development, Brad L. Jakubison
Investigating The Role Of Induced Acinar Specific Transcription Factors In Pancreatic Tumor Cells And Their Target Gene Effects On Tumorgenic Development, Brad L. Jakubison
Open Access Dissertations
Pancreatic acinar cells synthesize and secrete prodigestive enzymes into the primary pancreatic duct where they traverse to the duodenum to continue the process to digestion. Due to the stress of constantly synthesizing large quantities of digestive enzymes, acinar cells must be well-equipped to address high protein production demands. The transcription factors (TFs), MIST1, PTF1a and E47, are required to maintain the pancreatic secretory homeostasis. All three are basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) TFs which are required for the function of the pancreas. Specifically, MIST1 promotes cell polarity, cell communication, and regulated exocytosis. PTF1a dimerizes with E47, and this protein complex is required …
Household Decision Making Under Stress: Three Essays On Agricultural Production In Southern Africa, Anna Leigh Josephson
Household Decision Making Under Stress: Three Essays On Agricultural Production In Southern Africa, Anna Leigh Josephson
Open Access Dissertations
Rural households in Southern Africa face numerous economic challenges, arising from a range of idiosyncratic and covariate risks. This research seeks to understand strategies employed by households to cope with different types of shocks, in the context of Zimbabwe and Malawi. I focus on several techniques used to cope with risk and shocks in an uncertain environment, including intra-household resource, land, and crop, as well as labor allocations. To provide insight on household decision making, I expand and adapt theoretical models. This helps me to better understand household decision making in the complex and risky environments in which they reside …
Investigating The Crystallization Propensity Of Structurally Similar Organic Molecules From Amorphous State, Arjun Kalra
Investigating The Crystallization Propensity Of Structurally Similar Organic Molecules From Amorphous State, Arjun Kalra
Open Access Dissertations
Combinatorial chemistry and high-throughput screening approaches utilized during drug discovery have resulted in many potent pharmacologically active molecules with low aqueous solubility and consequently poor bioavailability. Enabling technologies, such as amorphous solid dispersions (ASD’s), can obviate these challenges and provide an efficient route to formulate the drug as an oral solid dosage form. However, high-energy amorphous materials have an inherent tendency to crystallize and in doing so can negate the apparent solubility advantage achieved by using such formulations. Crystallization can occur during (1) cooling the drug molecule from the melt state (such as during hot melt extrusion); (2) during storage …