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Computational Learning For Hand Pose Estimation, Chiho Choi
Computational Learning For Hand Pose Estimation, Chiho Choi
Open Access Dissertations
Rapid advances in human–computer interaction interfaces have been promising a realistic environment for gaming and entertainment in the last few years. However, the use of traditional input devices such as trackballs, keyboards, or joysticks has been a bottleneck for natural interactions between a human and computer as two points of freedom of these devices cannot suitably emulate the interactions in a three-dimensional space. Consequently, a comprehensive hand tracking technology is expected as a smart and intuitive option to these input tools to enhance virtual and augmented reality experiences. In addition, the recent emergence of low-cost depth sensing cameras has led …
Development Of Tandem Mass Spectrometric Methods And Instrumentation For The Structural Elucidation Of Unknown Drug Metabolites Based On Ion/Molecule Reactions, John Yuk Kong
Open Access Dissertations
Mass spectrometry has proven to be an invaluable tool for the analysis of compounds in complex mixtures. High resolution mass spectrometry provides elemental compositions of compounds. Tandem mass spectrometry (MSn) utilizing collision-activated dissociation (CAD) or ion/molecule reactions has become a powerful technique for structural elucidation of unknown compounds. Further, the coupling of MSn with a separation technique, such as high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), enables the analysis of trace level analytes in complex mixtures. This dissertation focuses on the development of MSn methodologies and instrumentation for the structural elucidation of unknown compounds. While CAD is the most common MSn technique …
Quantifying Carbon And Water Dynamics Of Terrestrial Ecosystems At High Temporal And Spatial Resolutions Using Process-Based Biogeochemistry Models And In Situ And Satellite Data, Yang Qu
Open Access Dissertations
To better understand the role of terrestrial ecosystems in the global carbon cycle and their feedbacks to the global climate system, process-based ecosystem models that are used for quantifying net carbon exchanges between the terrestrial biosphere and the atmosphere need to be improved. My research objective is to improve the model from following aspects: 1) Improving parameterization and model structure for carbon and water dynamics, 2) improving regional model simulations at finer spatial resolutions (from 0.5 degree to 0.05 degree or finer), 3) developing faster spin-up algorithms, and 4) evaluating high performance model simulations using fast spin-up technique deployed on …
An Investigation Of Micro-Surface Shaping On The Piston/Cylinder Interface Of Axial Piston Machines, Ashley Busquets
An Investigation Of Micro-Surface Shaping On The Piston/Cylinder Interface Of Axial Piston Machines, Ashley Busquets
Open Access Dissertations
Presently, axial piston machines of the swash plate type are commonly used in industry due to their many benefits. However, with recent technological advancements in hydraulic hybrid powertrains and displacement-controlled actuation, the application of such machines has been broadened demanding a more cost-effective reliable and efficient, yet versatile machine. The fluid film geometry of the lubricating interfaces is a very complex and sensitive phenomena that must simultaneously fulfill a competing bearing and sealing function. Therefore, the design process of such machines is a difficult process while tightly constrained manufacturing tolerances are essential thereby increasing the initial production costs. Accordingly, virtual …
Morphological Changes Of Neuronal Growth Cones By Intracellular Signaling And Cell Culture Conditions, Yuan Ren
Open Access Dissertations
Proper wiring of neurons is key to the functionality of nervous system. This is achieved by a highly motile structure referred to as the neuronal growth cone located at the tip of axons and dendrites during both development and regeneration. The morphology of growth cone is a product of both intracellular signaling pathways and extracellular factors, and is closely linked with neuronal outgrowth. Studies of how growth cone morphology is changed by key regulatory proteins and by cell culture conditions are therefore important in elucidating the mechanisms of neurite regeneration. In the first part of this thesis, we identified a …
Calderón's Musical Message: The Importance Of The Auditory Over The Visual, Laura Ramiro Moreno
Calderón's Musical Message: The Importance Of The Auditory Over The Visual, Laura Ramiro Moreno
Open Access Dissertations
Calderón de la Barca, a highly philosophical and religious playwright, focused the final part of his career on experimenting with musical court theater. My dissertation explains the motivation behind Calderón’s implementation of music in his theatrical productions and the situation that led him to create the new dramatic genre of zarzuela. This project analyzes the evolution of early modern musical theater in Spain by observing musical elements that are reflected in the text and related to characters and themes in the plays. A reflection on musical conventions in European theater, through the use of cognitive theories, studies on music and …
Postfledging Habitat Associations Of Mature Forest Birds With Early Successional Habitat In South-Central Indiana, Patrick J. Ruhl
Postfledging Habitat Associations Of Mature Forest Birds With Early Successional Habitat In South-Central Indiana, Patrick J. Ruhl
Open Access Dissertations
In comparison to the nesting ecology of North American breeding birds, the postfledging period which occurs between nesting and fall migration is a poorly understood stage of avian life history. The postfledging period represents a critical stage for fledgling survival and nutrient acquisition for both fledglings and adults undergoing pre-basic molt preceding fall migration. During this time, many birds use habitat types that differ from their natal habitat; however, the specific factors driving postfledging habitat associations and foraging preferences remain unclear because birds are more cryptic, singing and moving less frequently in the postfledging period. Some birds that require mature …
Population Structure And Non-Nestmate Aggression Within Black Carpenter Ant, Camponotus Pennsylvanicus, Adam Salyer
Population Structure And Non-Nestmate Aggression Within Black Carpenter Ant, Camponotus Pennsylvanicus, Adam Salyer
Open Access Dissertations
Black carpenter ants, Camponotus pennsylvanicus (DeGeer), are an important urban destructive pest native to North America. Little is known about the dispersal, ecology, or behavior of the black carpenter ant due to its cryptic nesting habitats and nocturnal ecology. Knowledge of C. pennsylvanicus population structure and intraspecific competition is needed to predict potential range expansion, dispersal, and establishment of future black carpenter ant populations in the context of climate change. This research investigated population structure and potential prevalence of increased aggression toward neighboring colonies, known as the “nasty-neighbor” effect, within C. pennsylvanicus. Within this research, I test the hypothesis that …
Modeling And Optimization Of Dynamical Systems In Epidemiology Using Sparse Grid Interpolation, Aditya P. Sai
Modeling And Optimization Of Dynamical Systems In Epidemiology Using Sparse Grid Interpolation, Aditya P. Sai
Open Access Dissertations
Infectious diseases pose a perpetual threat across the globe, devastating communities, and straining public health resources to their limit. The ease and speed of modern communications and transportation networks means policy makers are often playing catch-up to nascent epidemics, formulating critical, yet hasty, responses with insufficient, possibly inaccurate, information. In light of these difficulties, it is crucial to first understand the causes of a disease, then to predict its course, and finally to develop ways of controlling it. Mathematical modeling provides a methodical, in silico solution to all of these challenges, as we explore in this work. We accomplish these …
Latent Representation And Sampling In Network: Application In Text Mining And Biology., Tanay Kumar Saha
Latent Representation And Sampling In Network: Application In Text Mining And Biology., Tanay Kumar Saha
Open Access Dissertations
In classical machine learning, hand-designed features are used for learning a mapping from raw data. However, human involvement in feature design makes the process expensive. Representation learning aims to learn abstract features directly from data without direct human involvement. Raw data can be of various forms. Network is one form of data that encodes relational structure in many real-world domains. Therefore, learning abstract features for network units is an important task. In this dissertation, we propose models for incorporating temporal information given as a collection of networks from subsequent time-stamps. The primary objective of our models is to learn a …
Evaluation Of A Redesigned Chemistry Course Sequence For Undergraduate Life Science Majors, Carly Lynn Schnoebelen
Evaluation Of A Redesigned Chemistry Course Sequence For Undergraduate Life Science Majors, Carly Lynn Schnoebelen
Open Access Dissertations
In response to both nationwide calls for reform and a perception that the existing chemistry curriculum was not meeting the needs of life science students, faculty in the department of chemistry at Purdue created a redesigned chemistry course sequence specifically aimed at preparing biology majors. The new sequence, called the 1-2-1 curriculum, spans four semesters of instruction, including one semester of general chemistry, two semesters of organic chemistry, and one semester of biochemistry. The 1-2-1 curriculum was implemented in the 2013-2014 academic year, and students appeared to be progressing through successfully. However, there was a need for a more systematic …
Synthesis And Characterization Of Model Acrylic-Based Polymer Gels, Travis Lawrence Thornell
Synthesis And Characterization Of Model Acrylic-Based Polymer Gels, Travis Lawrence Thornell
Open Access Dissertations
Materials made from polymer gel networks are important to many everyday applications in health care to building materials. These gel materials can be easily synthesized in various ways, but characterizing the overall material mechanics and properties are challenging due to the soft nature of their respective bulk structures. Model acrylic-based copolymer gels were investigated to understand the fundamental characteristics and mechanical properties from different crosslinking and gelation processes. First, model hydrogels with fracture-healing characteristics similar to materials needed for injectable drug delivery systems were studied using shear rheology to determine timescales of fully healed networks. The industrially available gel was …
Understanding And Improving The Non-Cognitive Factors That Affect First-Year Engineering Performance, Ryan Senkpeil
Understanding And Improving The Non-Cognitive Factors That Affect First-Year Engineering Performance, Ryan Senkpeil
Open Access Dissertations
To maintain America’s status as a global technological leader, there has been a longstanding effort to increase the quality and quantity of engineers in the workforce. Previous research and government reports have called on the education system at all levels to increase enrollment and persistence in college engineering programs. Additionally, engineering employers continue to be dissatisfied with the skills obtained by those students who do persist to graduation, in part because those students that may become the best engineers are leaving engineering. In order to effectively recruit and retain the best engineering students, the factors that affect engineering student success …
Bayesian Nonparametrics To Model Content, User, And Latent Structure In Hawkes Processes, Xi Tan
Bayesian Nonparametrics To Model Content, User, And Latent Structure In Hawkes Processes, Xi Tan
Open Access Dissertations
Communication in social networks tends to exhibit complex dynamics both in terms of the users involved and the contents exchanged. For example, email exchanges or activities on social media may exhibit reinforcing dynamics, where earlier events trigger follow-up activity through multiple structured latent factors. Such dynamics have been previously represented using models of reinforcement and reciprocation, a canonical example being the Hawkes process (HP). However, previous HP models do not fully capture the rich dynamics of real-world activity. For example, reciprocation may be impacted by the significance and receptivity of the content being communicated, and modeling the content accurately at …
“Though Troubled Be My Brain:” Madness In Early Modern England, 1603-1714, Alison R. Shimko
“Though Troubled Be My Brain:” Madness In Early Modern England, 1603-1714, Alison R. Shimko
Open Access Dissertations
This dissertation is a study of madness in Stuart-era England. Madness was pervasive in early modern England. it was in the streets, performed on stage, discussed in political pamphlets and legal treatises, and physically housed in Bethlehem Hospital. Madness, therefore, serves as a significant lens because in differentiating between madness and sanity, contemporaries regularly drew clear boundaries between acceptable, or “normal” behavior, and unacceptable, or “abnormal” behavior, that was particular to seventeenth-century English culture and society. Specifically, I argue that madness serves as a channel to examine the diagnoses and treatment of mental disorders that contemporaries believed altered the body …
A Pragmatic Methodology For The (Queer) Self, Elaine M. Blum
A Pragmatic Methodology For The (Queer) Self, Elaine M. Blum
Open Access Dissertations
Taking LGBTIA+ experiences as the starting point for theorizing, I propose that pragmatic methodologies ameliorate several problems that queer theory encounters in defining queer subjectivity. The challenge is that any definition of queer selfhood must simultaneously (i) elude essential or fixed definitions of the subject, gender, and the relationship between them, and nonetheless (ii) enable efficacious political action and recognition. Utilizing the work of John Dewey and Jane Addams, I argue that the social self provides a beneficial framework for accommodating and celebrating queer lives. Adopting a pragmatic methodology emphasizes the irreducible plurality of perspectives and develops theory out of …
Proteomics Strategies To Develop Proteins Of Post-Translational Modifications In Plasma-Derived Extracellular Vesicles As Disease Markers, I-Hsuan (Blair) Chen
Proteomics Strategies To Develop Proteins Of Post-Translational Modifications In Plasma-Derived Extracellular Vesicles As Disease Markers, I-Hsuan (Blair) Chen
Open Access Dissertations
Blood tests, which are the most wide spread diagnosis procedure in clinical analysis, apply blood biomarkers to categorize patients and support treatment decisions. However, existing biomarkers often lack specificity and are far from comprehensive. Mass spectrometry-based proteomics allow users to characterize plasma protein in great depth and has become a powerful tool in the biomarker discovery area. However, because of the extremely high dynamic range of plasma, being able identify thousands of plasma proteins using methods such as Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) remains a challenge. Furthermore, recent discoveries of extracellular vesicles (EVs) have proven that EVs have a high …
Using Tangible Interaction And Virtual Reality To Support Spatial Perspective Taking Ability, Shen-Kuen Chang
Using Tangible Interaction And Virtual Reality To Support Spatial Perspective Taking Ability, Shen-Kuen Chang
Open Access Dissertations
According to several large-scale and longitudinal studies, spatial ability, one of the primary mental abilities, has been shown as a significant predictor for STEM learning (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) and career success. Frameworks in HCI (Human-Computer Interaction) and TEI (Tangible and Embodied Interaction) also indicated how the spatial-related aspects of interaction are a common design theme for interfaces using emerging technologies. However, currently only very few interactive systems (using TEI) are designed around a target spatial ability. TEI’s direct effects on spatial ability are also not well-investigated. Meanwhile, a growing body of research from cognitive sciences, such as embodied …
Characterization Of Type I Collagen And Osteoblast Response To Mechanical Loading, Silvia P. Canelón
Characterization Of Type I Collagen And Osteoblast Response To Mechanical Loading, Silvia P. Canelón
Open Access Dissertations
Bone is a composite material made up of an inorganic (hydroxyapatite mineral) phase, a proteinaceous organic phase, and water. Comprising 90% of bones organic phase, type I collagen is the most abundant protein in the human body. Both hydroxyapatite and collagen contribute to bone mechanical properties, and because bone is a hierarchical material, changes in properties of either phase can influence bulk mechanical properties of the tissue and bone structure. Type I collagen in bone is synthesized by osteoblasts as a helical structure formed from three polypeptide chains of amino acids. These molecules are staggered into an array and the …
Magnetic Resonance Imaging For The Functional Analysis Of Tissues And Biomaterials, Luyao Cai
Magnetic Resonance Imaging For The Functional Analysis Of Tissues And Biomaterials, Luyao Cai
Open Access Dissertations
Articular cartilage provides mechanical load dissipation and lubrication between joints, and additionally provides protects from abrasion. At present, there are no treatments to cure or attenuate the degradation of cartilage. Early detection and the ability to monitor the progression of osteoarthritis is important for developing effective therapies. However, few reliable imaging biomarkers exist to detect cartilage disease before advanced degeneration in the tissue. One specialized MRI technique, termed displacements under applied loading by MRI (dualMRI), was developed to measure displacements and strain in musculoskeletal tissues, hydrogels and engineered constructs. However, deformation information does not directly describe spatial distributions of tissue …
Regulation Of Intestinal Lipid Storage And Mobilization, Alicia L. Carreiro
Regulation Of Intestinal Lipid Storage And Mobilization, Alicia L. Carreiro
Open Access Dissertations
Dietary fat is an energy dense nutrient that also provides essential fatty acids and aids in the absorption of fat soluble vitamins. The process of dietary fat absorption regulates the amount and rate at which dietary fat enters circulation, and can therefore contribute to diseases such as obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease when it becomes dysregulated. Triacylglycerol (TAG), the major form of dietary fat, is efficiently absorbed (>95%) even when high amounts of fat are consumed. The digestive products of dietary fat are taken up by enterocytes, the absorptive cells of the small intestine, and rapidly re-synthesized into TAG. …
Couple-Based Stress Management Intervention And Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (Cfs) Biopsychological Processes, Sara F. Milrad
Couple-Based Stress Management Intervention And Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (Cfs) Biopsychological Processes, Sara F. Milrad
Open Access Dissertations
Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is a debilitating illness that is characterized by heterogeneous, systemic symptoms that impact patients’ and their caregiving partners’ quality of life. Extant literature has found hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and neuroimmune biomarkers associated with the disorder, but the impact of relationship satisfaction and patients’ communication satisfaction about symptoms on these CFS-relevant biological markers and on CFS patients’ CFS symptom severity has not been examined. Like others suffering from incapacitating chronic illnesses, CFS patients are often homebound, on disability, and/or face unemployment; however, people suffering from CFS report significantly less social support and more stigma from society, as …
A Time-Dependent Color Preference In Adult Drosophila, Stanislav Lazopulo
A Time-Dependent Color Preference In Adult Drosophila, Stanislav Lazopulo
Open Access Dissertations
Light is essential for the survival of almost all organisms. Development of biological light detectors, called photoreceptors, allowed bacteria, plants, and animals to sense light. The evolution of the photoreceptor organs led to the appearance of visual systems. Through light perception, organisms started to adapt their behavioral and physiological processes to variations of light intensity and spectrum. Animals developed stereotypical behavioral responses to light. Profound understanding of photoreception in fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster allow to study how the light information is processed and responses are generated. In this study, we report previously undescribed color-specific behavioral responses of fruit flies to …
Understanding Rare Neurological Disorders Using Drosophila Models: Mechanistic Characterization Of Neurotoxicity In Snyder-Robinson Syndrome, Chong Li
Open Access Dissertations
Finding treatments for rare genetic disorders can be long and frustrating experience. Completion of the Human Genome Project together with advances in next-generation sequencing technologies have extensively contributed to high accuracy and throughput in the diagnosis of genetic disorders. However, due to the limited clinical characterization of patients, the uncertainty of the nature of genetic variants, and lack of mechanistic understanding of disease mechanisms, it is still challenging to achieve precision diagnosis and intervention for rare diseases. This dissertation takes advantages of the genetically amenable model organism, Drosophila, to identify novel variants that cause neurological phenotypes in undiagnosed patients and …
A Population-Based Assessment Of Suicide Risk, Summer D. Debastiani
A Population-Based Assessment Of Suicide Risk, Summer D. Debastiani
Open Access Dissertations
Suicide is the 10th leading cause of death in the U.S., and suicide rates in Monroe County, Florida are among some of the highest in the state. The purpose of this dissertation was threefold: (1) analyze the concept of suicide lethality to clarify the concept through the identification of antecedents, attributes and consequences; (2) identify suicide risk factors to target for prevention in Monroe County, Florida; and (3) identify the sociodemographic characteristics associated with selective nonresponse to suicide risk questions. The two methods used in this dissertation were six stages of the Walker and Avant concept analysis method to literature …
The Underrepresentation Of Women Studying Engineering: A Grounded Theory Case Study, Sandra Gross
The Underrepresentation Of Women Studying Engineering: A Grounded Theory Case Study, Sandra Gross
Open Access Dissertations
The purpose of this case study is to explore the lived experiences of women engineering students. Social cognitive and social cognitive career theories served as the theoretical foundation of this study. In this study, a sample of seven engineering students from a small private university in Ecuador were interviewed using a semi-structured format to explore their perceptions of factors that help and hinder them in pursuing a degree and career in engineering. Using a grounded theory methodology, this study proposed a mid-level theory of the factors and processes that support and challenge them as engineering students at this institution. Themes …
Counterpossibles For Modal Normativists, Theodore D. Locke
Counterpossibles For Modal Normativists, Theodore D. Locke
Open Access Dissertations
In this dissertation, I develop an account of non-vacuous counterpossibles—counterfactuals involving metaphysical impossibilities—and related notions, e.g. metaphysical similarity between impossible worlds, that does not require us to take on questionable ontological commitments and that gives us a clear epistemological story about how we know counterpossible claims. My account of counterpossibles builds on a non-descriptivist account of metaphysical modality called modal normativism, which has been developed by Amie Thomasson. According to modal normativism, claims of metaphysical necessity and possibility are not descriptive claims in need of modal truthmakers, but instead serve the normative function of enabling language users to illustrate or …
Cysteine-Linked Igg2 Antibody-Drug Conjugates: How Antibody Structure Affects Conjugation Locations And Stability, Lily Pei-Yao Liu-Shin
Cysteine-Linked Igg2 Antibody-Drug Conjugates: How Antibody Structure Affects Conjugation Locations And Stability, Lily Pei-Yao Liu-Shin
Open Access Dissertations
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are a newer class of targeted biologics that combine the specificity of an antibody with the cytotoxic potency of a small molecule. Only four ADCs are currently approved for market, and approximately 60 molecules are in active clinical trials in the US. Several modalities of ADCs are currently under development, one of which uses thiol-maleimide chemistry to conjugate drug-linkers at the antibody’s endogenous interchain cysteines. The most popular framework used for cysteine-linked ADCs is the IgG1 subclass, for which extensive physicochemical and structural information is available in literature. Cysteine-linked antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) produced from IgG2 monoclonal antibodies …
Regulation Of Interactions Between Sap-Feeding Insects And Their Obligate Endosymbionts, Honglin Feng
Regulation Of Interactions Between Sap-Feeding Insects And Their Obligate Endosymbionts, Honglin Feng
Open Access Dissertations
Many insects cultivate obligate endosymbionts for nutrition. Genomic analyses, coupled with physiological evidence demonstrate that insects and their obligate endosymbionts are intimately integrated in biosynthesis of essential nutrients, including essential amino acids. However, the mechanisms that underlie regulation of host/endosymbiont integrations remain elusive. Using sap-feeding insects, I investigated the role of amino acid transporters and microRNAs in host/endosymbiont integrations. In the first data chapter in aphids, I determined the localization of aphid glutamine transporter ApGLNT1 and another amino acid transporter ACYPI008971. ApGLNT1 specifically localizes at the plasma membrane of bacteriocytes, the aphid specialized cells harboring the endosymbiont Buchnera aphidicola. ACYPI008971 …
Hemodynamic And Hormonal Responses To An Exercise Test In Parkinson's Disease Patients Without Orthostatic Hypotension, Kirk B. Roberson
Hemodynamic And Hormonal Responses To An Exercise Test In Parkinson's Disease Patients Without Orthostatic Hypotension, Kirk B. Roberson
Open Access Dissertations
The aim of this investigation was to examine how heart rate, hemodynamics, and norepinephrine are affected by an exercise stress test in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients. Fourteen individuals with PD (mean age, 68±12 yrs; Hoehn and Yahr stage 1-3) and sixteen healthy individuals (mean age, 66±7 yrs) performed a sub-maximal exercise test on a cycle ergometer. Heart rate (HR), norepinephrine (NE), blood pressure (BP), and other hemodynamic variables including cardiac output (Q), stroke volume (SV), systemic vascular resistance (SVR), and end-diastolic volume (EDV) were measured in a fasted state during supine rest, active standing, exercise, and supine recovery in all …