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The Association Of Breastfeeding Practices And Postpartum Depression Risk, Christine Toledo
The Association Of Breastfeeding Practices And Postpartum Depression Risk, Christine Toledo
Open Access Dissertations
Postpartum depression (PPD) is a significant maternal health problem afflicting nearly 800,000 new mothers in the United States every year. Mothers suffering from PPD endure feelings of sadness, anxiety, extreme fatigue that makes it difficult to care for one’s self or for others, feeling worthless, and even thoughts of harming oneself or child. Mothers who are not treated for PPD may have negative health outcomes, including difficulty bonding with and caring for their children, chronic anxiety, and are at an increased risk for substance abuse. PPD is considered the single greatest risk factor for maternal suicide and infanticide. The important …
Non-Invasive Analyses Of Electrophysiological Properties Of Primary Cell Culture, Ahmad Mohammad N Alassaf
Non-Invasive Analyses Of Electrophysiological Properties Of Primary Cell Culture, Ahmad Mohammad N Alassaf
Open Access Dissertations
The model of efficacy and toxicity testing has been largely based on a model of high quantities of low quality data gathered in vitro. Recent advances in nanotechnology offer an alternative strategy. Soft lithography has made microscale tissue engineering possible. It is now feasible to create the cellular microenvironments of healthy and diseased tissues and engineer biological systems with high fidelity. Further, development of multielectrode array (MEA) platforms by precise location of metal electrodes on glass substrates has proven to be a robust innovative tool to use with cells that generate electrical activity. In this study, we first fabricated …
Pancreatic Islets Communicate With The Brain Via Vagal Sensory Neurons, Madina Makhmutova
Pancreatic Islets Communicate With The Brain Via Vagal Sensory Neurons, Madina Makhmutova
Open Access Dissertations
Sensory denervation affects pancreatic islet function, glucose metabolism and diabetes onset, but how islet endocrine cells interact with sensory neurons has not been studied. In this thesis work we attempted to anatomically and physiologically characterize vagal islet-brain pathway in search of the sensory modality that islet is transmitting to the brain. Here we show that the pancreatic islets are innervated by vagal sensory axons expressing substance P, calcitonin-gene related peptide, and serotonin receptor 5HT3R. Vagal neurons projecting to the pancreas terminate in the commissural nucleus of the solitary tract. These neurons respond to chemical but not mechanical stimulation of the …
Identification Of Human T Cell Biomarkers: A Gene Signature For Cd8 T Cell Exhaustion And Ultrasensitive Elisa Methods For Il-21, Joshua Poorbaugh
Identification Of Human T Cell Biomarkers: A Gene Signature For Cd8 T Cell Exhaustion And Ultrasensitive Elisa Methods For Il-21, Joshua Poorbaugh
Open Access Dissertations
CD8 T cell exhaustion is the progressive, step-wise loss of T cell function due to persistent antigen stimulation. Given the importance of this phenomenon in sustaining chronic infections and preventing clearance of tumors, as well as potentially influencing autoimmune disorders, novel biomarkers must be established to monitor CD8 T cell exhaustion and the factors that influence its development (e.g. presence of CD4 helper cytokines, like IL-21). In this study, a six-day in vitro model of CD8 T cell exhaustion was characterized to evaluate the reduced functional capacity of these cells. Cells derived in this model possessed sustained inhibitory receptor expression …
Externalizing Problems And Hispanic/Latinx Adolescents: A Bioecological Approach, Evan Thomas Stanforth
Externalizing Problems And Hispanic/Latinx Adolescents: A Bioecological Approach, Evan Thomas Stanforth
Open Access Dissertations
Externalizing problems often develop during adolescence and cause harm to the individuals with these problems and to others in society. Hispanic/Latinx adolescents develop externalizing problems at relatively higher rates and in ways that involve systemic influences. The present study aimed to enhance clarity in this area by examining externalizing problems as a dimension of psychopathology and applying constructs of Bronfenbrenner’s bioecological theory (2005). This was attempted by examining: a) externalizing problems as a continuous spectrum, b1) relations the problems have with proximal processes of adolescent-caregiver relations, b2) and exploring differences across contexts specified as three immigration-based groups (1st generation immigrant, …
Glial Regulators Of Ionic Homeostasis Shape Neuronal Output In C. Elegans, Christina K. Johnson
Glial Regulators Of Ionic Homeostasis Shape Neuronal Output In C. Elegans, Christina K. Johnson
Open Access Dissertations
The ability to sense touch is fundamentally important for interacting with and understanding the world around us. Touch plays a major role in many pathologies in which injury or inflammation leads to abnormal responses to touch, such as allodynia and mechanical hyperalgesia. Despite its crucial roles in physiology and pathology, the mechanisms by which we sense touch are the least understood of all the senses. Mammals sense touch through mechanosensors embedded in the skin, which are either free nerve endings or cooperative complexes formed by nerve endings and associated glia and epithelial cells. Work on Merkel cell-neurite complexes has demonstrated …
Role Of The Conserved Ndr/Lats Kinase Orb6 In Controlling Cell Growth And Stress Adaptation, Chuan Chen
Role Of The Conserved Ndr/Lats Kinase Orb6 In Controlling Cell Growth And Stress Adaptation, Chuan Chen
Open Access Dissertations
Adaptation to the nutritional environment is critical for all cells. RAS GTPase is a highly conserved GTP binding protein with crucial functions for cell growth and differentiation in response to environmental conditions. Inappropriate activation of human RAS GTPase has a causal role in cancer, congenital malformations, and neurodevelopmental disorders. Our lab previously found that the conserved NDR kinase Orb6 regulates the mRNA and protein levels of Ras1 guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) Efc25, by controlling the coalescence of the mRNA-binding protein Sts5 into ribonucleoprotein (RNP) granules. However, it is still unclear whether the Orb6-Sts5 axis regulates RAS GTPase activity in …
Investigating The Mechanisms Of Hydrolysis And Amyloidosis Through Computational Approaches, Gaurav Sharma
Investigating The Mechanisms Of Hydrolysis And Amyloidosis Through Computational Approaches, Gaurav Sharma
Open Access Dissertations
Hydrolysis reaction is involved in a wide range of biological and industrial applications. In our body, phosphoester and peptide hydrolysis are accomplished using specialized enzymes known as phosphoesterases and proteases. These enzymes constitute about 60% of all the enzymes that are used today in textile, food, leather, paper, and ethanol production industries.In this thesis, I have focused on the following three projects; (1) exploring the interactions of various biomolecules (such as enzymes, antimicrobial peptides, DNA, and amyloid β fibrils) with their binding molecules; (2) understanding the mechanism of phosphoester and peptide hydrolysis by glycerophosphodiesterase (GpdQ) and Streptomyces griseus aminopeptidase (SgAP), …
Targeting The Oncogenic Myc Pathway By Miniproteins: Understanding Mechanism Of Action, Mark J. Demma
Targeting The Oncogenic Myc Pathway By Miniproteins: Understanding Mechanism Of Action, Mark J. Demma
Open Access Dissertations
The MYC oncogene is upregulated in human cancers by translocation, amplification, and mutation of cellular pathways that regulate Myc. Myc/Max heterodimers bind to E box sequences in the promoter regions of genes and activate transcription. No MYC specific inhibitors are currently in clinical trials. Here, we show two distinct recombinant mini proteins act as Myc inhibitors and have cellular activity. The first mini protein is Omomyc, a well characterized Myc inhibitor that has been ectopically expressed in cells. Recombinant Omomyc is cell penetrant, reduces cell proliferation of tumor cells in a MYC dependent manner and reduces the expression of MYC …
Isoform-Specific Protection Of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Adenylyltransferase In The Pathogenesis Of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Yi Zhu
Open Access Dissertations
Age-related neurodegenerative diseases affect millions of people worldwide. The increasing number of these disabling and currently incurable neurodegenerative diseases have devastating impacts on the affected individuals and families. However, current mechanistic understanding of the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders remains limited, and neuroprotective strategies combating neurodegeneration are lacking. My lab has previously identified a potent neuronal maintenance factor nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase (NMNAT), an evolutionarily conserved nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) synthase and neuroprotective factor that protects against proteinopathies through regulating protein homeostasis. In Drosophila, the Nmnat gene can be alternatively spliced into two mRNA variants, RA and RB, which …
The Physiological And Molecular Mechanisms Of The Nitrogen Excretion In Mahi-Mahi (Coryphaena Hippurus) And Zebrafish (Danio Rerio), Yadong Wang
Open Access Dissertations
Many ecologically important fishes, including mahi-mahi (Coryphaena hippurus), and their offspring were directly exposed to crude oil following the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill. Early life stage fish are especially vulnerable to the toxicity of crude oil-derived polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). In teleosts, yolk sac proteins are the main energy source during development and are usually catabolized into ammonia or urea. Although excretion of these waste products is sensitive to oil exposure, we know little about the underlying mechanisms of this process. This dissertation sought to investigate the ontogeny of ammonia and urea handling in the early life …
Characterization And Optogenetic Manipulation Of The Affective Itch Circuit In Mouse Models Of Itch, Kristen Marie Sanders
Characterization And Optogenetic Manipulation Of The Affective Itch Circuit In Mouse Models Of Itch, Kristen Marie Sanders
Open Access Dissertations
Itch consists of both sensory and affective components. For chronic itch patients, the affective component of itch affects both quality of life (leading to psychological comorbidities) and disease prognosis (by promoting scratching of itchy skin). We found that acute and chronic itch stimuli induced anxiety-like behavior and increased activity (c-Fos expression) in the amygdala in adult male C57BL/6 mice. Itch stimuli also increased activity in projection areas to the amygdala, suggesting that these regions form a circuit for affective itch processing. Selective optogenetic activation of histamine-responsive amygdala neurons in adult male and female Fos:CreERT2;R26Ai14 mice using the …
African American Women's Experiences Of Race-Based Traumatic Stress, Amina Y. Simmons
African American Women's Experiences Of Race-Based Traumatic Stress, Amina Y. Simmons
Open Access Dissertations
Assessments of racism are linked to increased risk of anxiety (Soto, Dawson- Andoh, & BeLue, 2011), depression (Lee & Turney, 2012), and increased symptoms of PTSD (Polanco-Roman, Danies, & Anglin, 2016), leading scholars to infer racism may be a type of traumatic stress (Carter, 2007; Helms, Nicolas, & Green, 2010). African American men and women report similar frequency and levels of racism-related stress (Jackson, Shestov, & Saadatmand, 2017; Kwate & Goodman, 2015) however, the impacts appear significant for Black women (Chyu and Upchurch, 2011; Jackson, Shestov, & Saadatmand, 2017). This exploratory study sought greater understanding of Black women’s experiences with …
Brd4 Is Required For Granule Cell Progenitor Proliferation, Marie E. Maloof
Brd4 Is Required For Granule Cell Progenitor Proliferation, Marie E. Maloof
Open Access Dissertations
Bromodomain and extraterminal domain proteins are epigenetic reader proteins that recognize and bind acetylated histones to facilitate gene transcription. Because of their influence on transcription of genes involved in proliferation and differentiation, small molecule bromodomain inhibitors have entered clinical trials for various indications including several types of cancer. However, our understanding of bromodomain protein function is incomplete, as we do not completely understand their role in vertebrate development. We are investigating the role of the BET protein, Brd4, in cerebellar granule cell progenitor proliferation and cell cycle exit. Dysregulation of cerebellar granule cell progenitor proliferation leads to medulloblastoma, the most …
A Pilot Randomized Trial Of A Medication Possession Intervention To Improve Medication Adherence And Health Outcomes Of Patients With Heart Failure After Hospital Discharge, Lila De Tantillo
Open Access Dissertations
Heart failure is a chronic disease that increases mortality, reduces quality of life, and increases health care system costs. About 6.5 million people in the United States and 26 million worldwide have heart failure. Patients with heart failure often take multiple prescription medications. Medication adherence is crucial to improving health outcomes, but patients face multiple barriers to medication adherence. The World Health Organization (2003) describes these barriers as patient factors, therapy-related factors, condition-related factors, social/economic factors, and health care/system factors, and recommends medication adherence interventions address multiple barriers simultaneously. To date, there are no studies of medication possession interventions for …
Stability And Scalability Of Feature Subset Selection Using Particle Swarm Optimization In Bioinformatics, Hassen Dhrif
Stability And Scalability Of Feature Subset Selection Using Particle Swarm Optimization In Bioinformatics, Hassen Dhrif
Open Access Dissertations
Feature Subset Selection (FSS) is a non-convex, non-linear, multi-modal, high-dimensional, Multi-Objective Optimization problem, where finding the optimum solution is a fairly difficult task due to its ultra-large search space and its very large number of local minima. Existing FSS methods suffer from problems like stagnation in local optima and high computational cost. Evolutionary Computation (EC) techniques are well known global search algorithms. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is an EC technique that is simple to implement and that converges faster than other methods such as Genetic Algorithms (GA), Differential Evolution (DE) or Ant Colony Optimization (ACO). PSO has been successfully applied …
Computational Methods To Quantify Human Lens Shape And Optical Properties Using Laser Ray Tracing And Optical Coherence Tomography, Siobhan Adeana Williams
Computational Methods To Quantify Human Lens Shape And Optical Properties Using Laser Ray Tracing And Optical Coherence Tomography, Siobhan Adeana Williams
Open Access Dissertations
Vision is worsening on a global scale. Myopia, a visual condition where distant objects appear blurry, is increasing in prevalence at an alarming rate. This condition typically starts during childhood and progressively worsens, potentially leading to more severe visual conditions if left unchecked. Currently, the best treatment method to slow myopic progression is heavily debated as the etiology of myopia is not fully understood. The development of effective long-term solutions require a better understanding of how vision changes with age. The cornea and lens, the length of the human eye, and the surrounding ocular media dictate visual quality. Extensive studies …
Expanding Perceptions Of Identity In The U.S.: The Chinese Jamaican Immigrant Experience, Kimberly S. Ho Misiaszek
Expanding Perceptions Of Identity In The U.S.: The Chinese Jamaican Immigrant Experience, Kimberly S. Ho Misiaszek
Open Access Dissertations
This qualitative study aimed to understand the experience of Chinese Jamaican immigrants in the U.S. and how they construct their identity. Participants were 15 immigrants who self-identified as Chinese Jamaican or other variations of the term (e.g. Jamaican Chinese, Jamaican with Chinese heritage) who participated in qualitative interviews with this researcher. A grounded theory approach was used to conduct an inductive analysis of the interview data. Results revealed five themes: (1) Flourishing, but pushed and pulled to leave for various reasons, (2) Feeling safer and better off, but missing home, (3) Key community values influence us and our views on …
Chronic Condition Patterns In The Us Population And Their Associations With Health Outcomes, Dandan Diane Zheng
Chronic Condition Patterns In The Us Population And Their Associations With Health Outcomes, Dandan Diane Zheng
Open Access Dissertations
Advances in modern medicine have substantially increased life expectancy and improved the outcomes of previously fatal diseases. As a result, more and more people are living into old age and developing chronic conditions. Persons with multiple chronic conditions are more likely to be hospitalized, have poor daily functioning, and elevated risk of death. A disproportionate share of health expenditures is incurred by individuals with multiple chronic conditions. Visual impairment (VI) is among the most disabling conditions. VI and visual disorders often co-occur with other disabling chronic conditions. The health effects of living with multiple chronic conditions in the presence of …
Sociocultural Variables That Predict Attrition From A Culturally Informed Group Therapy For Patients With Schizophrenia And Their Family Members, Jessica Maura
Open Access Dissertations
Individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders appear to be at high risk for dropout from treatment. Despite these findings, few studies have examined the potential impact that sociocultural variables may play in treatment dropout within this vulnerable population. Moreover, very little work has examined the function of these variables in group therapy (an approach that has increased in popularity and may be less susceptible to attrition) and even less work has examined how these variables function among racial/ethnic minorities, who appear to be at higher risk for treatment dropout than Whites. The current study aimed to expand upon the literature by …
Applications Of Matching And Sorting Theory To Topics In Operations Management, Hewen Liu
Applications Of Matching And Sorting Theory To Topics In Operations Management, Hewen Liu
Open Access Dissertations
Matching and sorting theory are widely applied to operations management. Our analysis focuses on the matching in supply chains and sorting between projects and heterogeneous firms. In chapter 1, we investigate the decentralized allocation in pharmaceutical research and development (R&D) projects. We construct a theoretical framework of R&D competition between heterogeneous firms for differentiated drugs. The decentralized allocation features a mismatch between firms and R&D projects. Efficient outcome prescribes that each firm works on a separate R&D project with the more valuable R&D project being allocated to the established firm. The impact of transparency on efficiency is contingent on the …
Diffusion Of Innovations Over Large Social Networks, Xu Dong
Diffusion Of Innovations Over Large Social Networks, Xu Dong
Open Access Dissertations
Studying the dynamics of information flow over social networks is important in understanding the rate and extent of the diffusion of innovations, the propagation of news and fake news, the proliferation of rumors, and the spread of infectious diseases. The learnings from such an endeavor can be used for new product sales forecasting, forecasting sales of an existing product in a new market, and controlling the rate and extent of information and disease propagation. This research focuses on the diffusion of innovations and first establishes how the structural properties of a large social network such as its size, connectivity, clustering, …
Identifying The Genetic Architecture And Cellular Pathways Of Inherited Axonopathies, Dana Marie Bis-Brewer
Identifying The Genetic Architecture And Cellular Pathways Of Inherited Axonopathies, Dana Marie Bis-Brewer
Open Access Dissertations
Inherited axonopathies are a group of disorders unified by a common pathological mechanism: length-dependent axonal degeneration. Progressive axonal degeneration can lead to both Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 2 (CMT2) and hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) depending on whether the peripheral or central nerves are affected, respectively. Historically, CMT2 and HSP are treated as distinct disorders, but their increasingly apparent clinical and genetic overlap challenges this classification. Either CMT2 or HSP can be caused by mutations within a single gene, yet what determines whether the peripheral or central nerves are affected in each patient remains unclear. Currently, ~30% of CMT2 cases and ~60% of …
Provider Autonomy Support Across Adolescence: Impacts On Health Outcomes Among Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes, Christina J. Nicolais
Provider Autonomy Support Across Adolescence: Impacts On Health Outcomes Among Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes, Christina J. Nicolais
Open Access Dissertations
More than 200,000 youth in the United States have type 1 diabetes (T1D; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2017), with approximately 17,900 newly diagnosed cases between 2011 and 2012. Treatments are complex, including multiple daily insulin injections or insulin pump use, monitoring of blood glucose levels and carbohydrate intake, and exercise (Wysocki, Buckloh, & Pierce, 2017). Only 21% of adolescents in the United States meet American Diabetes Association recommended goals for glycemic control (Wood et al., 2013). Multiple factors influence adherence in adolescence and subsequent health outcomes, including normative developmental tasks, parental involvement, and transition readiness. Research suggests that …
New Methods For Disparity Estimation, Huilin Yu
New Methods For Disparity Estimation, Huilin Yu
Open Access Dissertations
Health disparity is an important public health policy concern as it is related to the social inequalities in population health, not only for the persons experiencing them, but also for the entire population in the society. People experiencing poorer health status will negatively impact the overall health of the nation and this inequality is costly as well as burdensome to healthcare system. Health disparities studies allow us to identify and understand disparities, eventually design intervention strategies that could be more effective in reducing disparities. This thesis is mainly focused on building new statistical models for disparity studies in response to …
Health Disparities Among Sickle Cell Disease Patients: A Grounded Theory Model, Raha Forooz Sabet
Health Disparities Among Sickle Cell Disease Patients: A Grounded Theory Model, Raha Forooz Sabet
Open Access Dissertations
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is the most commonly diagnosed genetic blood disorder in the United States. Although SCD can occur in other ethnic groups, in the U.S. it primarily affects individuals who are Black, and, as such, has come to be conceptualized as a “racialized” disease. This inherited disease causes chronic and acute pain episodes, resulting in frequent hospitalizations. Alarmingly, SCD patients are at disproportionate risk for early mortality during the transition period between pediatric and adult care. Hypotheses exist to explain this occurrence, but the contextual and individual-level factors underlying it are not well understood. Therefore, in this grounded …
Development Of The Electrohydromodulation Process For Simultaneous Recovery Of Nitrogen And Phosphorus From Municipal Wastewater, Mahamalage Kusumitha Perera
Development Of The Electrohydromodulation Process For Simultaneous Recovery Of Nitrogen And Phosphorus From Municipal Wastewater, Mahamalage Kusumitha Perera
Open Access Dissertations
The demand for phosphorous (P) fertilizer is projected to increase by 100% by the end of the century, and the use of nitrogen (N) fertilizer is increasing exponentially as well. Current single-use nutrient management practices have led to environmental impacts of mining, extensive greenhouse gas emissions and surface water eutrophication. Recovery and reuse of nutrients would reduce solubilizing plant available N and P in the environment. Thus, the embedded energy in fertilizer production can be retained while minimizing the conversion of stable forms of N and P. Wastewater was identified as a potential source to recover nutrients, as wastewater contains …
Applications Of Machine Learning On Behavioral Studies In Drosophila Melanogaster, Bing Qiao
Applications Of Machine Learning On Behavioral Studies In Drosophila Melanogaster, Bing Qiao
Open Access Dissertations
Relying on the rapid development of computer technology, machine learning is increasingly being applied to studies of animal behaviors. Video tracking enables observation of behaviors in an automatic, reliable and consistent way for an extended period. In Drosophila melanogaster, the fruit fly, various machine learning techniques have proven to be powerful tools in studies of locomotion tracking and overall behavior classification. In our study, we applied machine learning to investigate two important behaviors of flies: grooming and sleep. Despite being universally existing in almost all animals, the regulation of grooming is poorly understood. In the first application, based on a …
The Role Of Fibrosis After Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis, Stephanie L. Yahn
The Role Of Fibrosis After Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis, Stephanie L. Yahn
Open Access Dissertations
Remyelination failure is a crucial component of disease progression in the autoimmune demyelinating disease Multiple Sclerosis (MS). The regenerative capacity of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) to replace myelinating oligodendrocytes is likely influenced by many aspects of the lesion environment including inflammatory signaling and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition. These features of MS lesions are typically attributed to infiltrating leukocytes and reactive astrocytes. Here we demonstrate that fibroblasts also contribute to an inhibitory environment in the animal model of MS, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Using Col1α1GFP transgenic mice, we show that perivascular fibroblasts are activated in the spinal cord at EAE onset …
Toward A Theory Of Ethical Mindedness: Moral Psychology And The Evolution Of Human Nature, Jordan B. Ainsley
Toward A Theory Of Ethical Mindedness: Moral Psychology And The Evolution Of Human Nature, Jordan B. Ainsley
Open Access Dissertations
The current dissertation is an examination of research and theoretical frameworks for explaining ethical mindedness, or the human propensity to be concerned with morality and ethics. Despite a pervasive belief that morality is central to what it means to be human, the idea of ethical mindedness as a basic feature of human nature is often assumed but not fully explained by the extant research and theory. Given evidence that such a shared quality exists, it is concerning that we appear to lack of a cogent, systematic explanation for a basic feature of human nature. The research questions guiding this dissertation …