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A Mathematical Model Describing The Early Development Of Multiple Myeloma, Joaquin Zabalo
A Mathematical Model Describing The Early Development Of Multiple Myeloma, Joaquin Zabalo
Open Access Dissertations
Multiple myeloma is a malignant bone marrow plasma cell tumor which is responsible for approximately 12,000 deaths per year in the United States and two percent of all cancer deaths. It is recognized clinically by the presence of more than ten percent bone marrow plasma cells, the detection of a monoclonal protein (M-protein), anemia, hypercalcemia, renal insufficiency, and lytic bone lesions. The disease is usually preceded by a premalignant tumor called monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), which is present in one percent of adults over the age of fifty, three percent over the age of seventy and ten percent …
Regulation Of Smc/Muc4 Expression In The Airway, George Theodore
Regulation Of Smc/Muc4 Expression In The Airway, George Theodore
Open Access Dissertations
MUC4 is a heterodimeric mucin glycoprotein expressed in the epithelia of tissues. Previous studies in our laboratory demonstrated that MUC4 protein expression is regulated by exogenous growth factors and that MUC4 is found in complex with the receptor tyrosine kinase ErbB2. MUC4 protein expression in airway epithelia was evaluated using molecular biology techniques. The impact of the protein on ErbB2 activation was evaluated post mechanical wounding of airway epithelia, and upon MUC4 RNA silencing. MUC4 levels were increased with exposure to the differentiating agent retinoic acid and decreased upon exposure to epidermal growth factor, a proliferative agent. In the absence …
Subunit Contributions To The Structure And Function Of Insect Olfactory Receptors, Andrew S. Nichols
Subunit Contributions To The Structure And Function Of Insect Olfactory Receptors, Andrew S. Nichols
Open Access Dissertations
Insects detect specific chemicals in the environment with olfactory receptors (ORs), which represent a novel class of ligand-gated ion channel. Insect ORs are comprised of at least one common subunit (OR83b in Drosophila) and at least one odorant-binding subunit. However, the molecular details of insect OR architecture, such as how they bind odorants, are unknown. This lack of knowledge hinders the development of compounds that may modulate OR function and potentially control insects involved in disease propagation and agricultural damage. The intent of this project is to investigate the structure and function of insect ORs. To this end, the utility …
Investigation Of Accommodation And Presbyopia Using Ultrasound Imaging During Ex Vivo Simulated Accommodation, Raksha Urs
Open Access Dissertations
The goal of this project is to obtain quantitative images of the lens and the ciliary body to validate EVAS-II (Second generation Ex Vivo Accommodation Simulator). To accomplish this goal it was necessary to develop methods, instrumentation and image processing techniques to acquire 3D images in EVAS-II, using UBM (Ultrasound Bio Microscope), and to apply these techniques to non-human primate eyes. The lens studies included measurement of speed of sound in the lens to reconstruct accurate images of the lens, development of instrumentation to measure the un-distorted lens shape and development of a mathematical model to quantify the whole lens …
Vav3 Potentiation Of Androgen Receptor Activity In Prostate Cancer, Shuyun Rao
Vav3 Potentiation Of Androgen Receptor Activity In Prostate Cancer, Shuyun Rao
Open Access Dissertations
Most patients undergoing androgen deprivation therapy relapse eventually and progress to androgen-independent (AI) prostate cancer. Although the mechanisms underlying progression to AI prostate cancer are not well understood, studies suggest that androgen receptor (AR) is still required for AI prostate cancer. Our lab found that Vav3, a Rho GTPase guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF), is up-regulated during the progression of androgen-dependent human prostate cancer cells to androgen-independence in vivo and in cell-based experiments. Since Vav3 significantly increases ligand-dependent AR transcriptional activity and this action requires the Vav3 pleckstrin homology (PH) domain but not Vav3 GEF activity, we explored the role …
A Transdiagnostic Model Of Suicidal Ideation And Suicide Attempts, Lori R. Eisner
A Transdiagnostic Model Of Suicidal Ideation And Suicide Attempts, Lori R. Eisner
Open Access Dissertations
Suicide is one of the most tragic issues in mental health. Suicide has traditionally been studied as an outcome of specific psychiatric disorders. The goal of this study was to consider whether there might be underlying dimensions across psychiatric disorders that are related to suicidality. This study proposed a transdiagnostic model of suicidality. Psychiatric symptoms were hypothesized to load onto three factors: Negative Mood, Impulsivity, and Arousal. Factors were then examined as predictors of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. Data were drawn from the National Comorbidity Survey-Replication Study (NCS-R). Structured interviews were conducted in two parts using the Composite International …
The Preferences Of Commercial Fishermen To Supply Collaborative Research In New England: A Welfare Analysis, Joshua B. Wiersma
The Preferences Of Commercial Fishermen To Supply Collaborative Research In New England: A Welfare Analysis, Joshua B. Wiersma
Open Access Dissertations
The 2007 re-authorization of the Magnuson Stevens Fisheries Conservation and Management Act calls for greater participation by commercial fishermen in NOAA's collaborative research programs. The M-S Act lists a set of research priorities of particular importance to complete, collaboratively, with the help of commercial fishermen and their vessels. To gauge how willing commercial fishermen in New England are to help develop and execute the type of collaborative research (C R) deemed important by policy makers, an industry wide economic assessment of collaborative research was done based on a contingent valuation stated choice experiment (CF) mail survey. Fifteen hundred owner/captains of …
Shorebird Migration Ecology At Monomoy National Wildlife Refuge, Stephanie Lianne Koch
Shorebird Migration Ecology At Monomoy National Wildlife Refuge, Stephanie Lianne Koch
Open Access Dissertations
Many species of shorebirds (Charadrii) are long-distance migrants that rely on disturbance-free stopover sites with abundant food. Adequate protection of stopover sites requires knowledge of migration chronology, effects of anthropogenic disturbances, and factors affecting habitat selection. We studied shorebird migration ecology at Monomoy National Wildlife Refuge (Refuge), Cape Cod, Massachusetts, one of the most important shorebird stopover sites in eastern North America. Our findings can be implemented by land managers in the future to maintain the integrity of this stopover site. In the first manuscript, we studied seasonal variation in shorebird abundance during migration and determined peak periods of human …
Benthic Habitat Mapping And Assessment Using Organism-Sediment Relationships, Emily J. Shumchenia
Benthic Habitat Mapping And Assessment Using Organism-Sediment Relationships, Emily J. Shumchenia
Open Access Dissertations
The study of organism-sediment relationships involves characterizing a suite of biological and geological features that control the spatial and temporal patterns of the benthic landscape and the response of these ecosystems to natural and anthropogenic disturbance. Acknowledging this variability is essential for effective monitoring and management of all marine ecosystems, but especially coastal environments where anthropogenic stresses tend to dominate. This dissertation examines organism-sediment relationships to support habitat mapping and assessment in Greenwich Bay, a shallow sub-embayment within Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island, USA. Sediment profile imagery (SPI) played a prominent role in linking sediments, organisms and water quality in these …
Biology And Ecology Of European Natural Enemies Of Swallow-Worts (Vincetoxicum) And The Potential For Biological Control, Aaron Scott Weed
Biology And Ecology Of European Natural Enemies Of Swallow-Worts (Vincetoxicum) And The Potential For Biological Control, Aaron Scott Weed
Open Access Dissertations
A biological control program was initiated against two European swallow-worts in North America to minimize their negative effects on native flora and fauna. In manuscript one, populations of Vincetoxicum spp. were surveyed for insect herbivores across Europe to locate new biological control agents and examine herbivore-plant associations. In laboratory studies, larval performance of all herbivores was generally better on the target weeds than V. hirundinaria and are promising as biological control agents. In manuscript two, the preliminary host specificity of H. opulenta was evaluated in quarantine against 34 species. Larvae only completed development on Vincetoxicum although partial larval development occurred …
Spatial Patterns Of The Humpback Whale (Megaptera Novaeangliae) And Its Summer Habitat In The North Atlantic Ocean, Kathleen J. Vigness-Raposa
Spatial Patterns Of The Humpback Whale (Megaptera Novaeangliae) And Its Summer Habitat In The North Atlantic Ocean, Kathleen J. Vigness-Raposa
Open Access Dissertations
The humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) is found in all oceans of the world, migrating between low-latitude breeding grounds in the winter and high-latitude feeding grounds in the summer. In addition to these broad-scale spatial patterns, individuals in the North Atlantic Ocean exhibit fine-scale site fidelity, with median re-sighting distances of less than 40 km in consecutive years. Because they occur close to coasts and demonstrate a predictable distribution, humpback whales are particularly susceptible to disturbance from human activities. A clear understanding of the geographic pattern of summer sightings, along with the environmental features that characterize areas of concentrated distribution, could …
Regulation Of Muscle Growth In Teleost Fish By Members Of The Transforming Growth Factor β Superfamily, Michael Paul Phelps
Regulation Of Muscle Growth In Teleost Fish By Members Of The Transforming Growth Factor β Superfamily, Michael Paul Phelps
Open Access Dissertations
Little is known of the mechanisms regulating the growth and development of muscle tissue in teleost fish. Mammalian muscle growth is negatively regulated by multiple signaling proteins of the transforming growth factor β superfamily (TGF-β), including myostatin. Teleost myostatin genes have high protein sequence conservation with the mammalian myostatin gene however, the levels of myostatin expression and tissue distribution as well as the overall muscle structure of fish and mammals, differ significantly. To determine whether TGF-β signaling is required for proper muscle growth and development in fish, two strains of transgenic rainbow trout (RBT; Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum)) were produced overexpressing …
Functional Analysis Of The Cellulose Synthase-Like D (Csld) Gene Family In Physcomitrella Patens, Christos Sotirios Dimos
Functional Analysis Of The Cellulose Synthase-Like D (Csld) Gene Family In Physcomitrella Patens, Christos Sotirios Dimos
Open Access Dissertations
The moss Physcomitrella patens is an attractive model organism, due to its small genome, dominant haploid phase, and high rate of homologous recombination. P. patens has eight genes that form a family known as the Cellulose Synthase-Like Ds (CSLDs). They may be involved in the biosynthesis of crystalline or non-crystalline cellulose and polarized tip growth, but their direct role is still unknown. In order to study the functions of CSLDs, RT-qPCR was preformed, and knockout (KO) mutants for PpCSLD1, PpCSLD2, and PpCSLD8 were developed, but showed no obvious phenotype. As a result, PpCSLD4, PpCSLD5, and PpCSLD6 KO vectors were created …
Structure-Function Studies Of Protein Tyrosine Kinases: Regulation And Substrate Specificity, Kezhen Huang
Structure-Function Studies Of Protein Tyrosine Kinases: Regulation And Substrate Specificity, Kezhen Huang
Open Access Dissertations
Protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) are a large family of enzymes that play critical roles in signal transduction. Through transferring γ-phosphate group from ATP to protein substrates, PTKs regulate functions of these substrates. Due to the utmost importance in signal transduction, malfunction of PTKs usually leads to severe consequences such as cell transformation. Therefore, how PTKs function becomes a focal question in the field of cancer biology. To build a knowledge base for the investigation of specific functions of PTKs, we focused on two major aspects: regulation and substrate specificity. Two general strategies of regulating PTKs have been observed. In the …
The Role Of Pedagogical Documentation In Developing Young Children's Thinking Processes, Leslie A. Sevey
The Role Of Pedagogical Documentation In Developing Young Children's Thinking Processes, Leslie A. Sevey
Open Access Dissertations
This study examines the role of pedagogical documentation on young children's thinking processes. Pedagogical documentation is utilized as part of the Reggio Emilia Approach for several purposes, such as assessment, curriculum planning, and instructional accountability. This study was conducted in a kindergarten classroom that utilizes the Reggio Emilia Approach, at a laboratory school on a college campus. Acting in the role of participant observer I spent nine weeks observing and at times interacting with the students as they engaged in activities involving science kits. I specifically looked at the experiences of the children as they interacted with the pedagogical documentation, …
Characterizing The Advanced Glycation Endproducts Formation Of Proteins And Nucleotides By Methylglyoxal And Glyoxal, Praveen Kumar Pampati
Characterizing The Advanced Glycation Endproducts Formation Of Proteins And Nucleotides By Methylglyoxal And Glyoxal, Praveen Kumar Pampati
Open Access Dissertations
Advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) are a heterogeneous group of molecules formed from the nonenzymatic reaction of reducing sugars with free amino groups of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. The initial product of this reaction is called a Schiff base, which rearranges itself into an Amadori or glycation product which can further rearrange to AGEs. The reaction is called Maillard reaction and is the basis for all protein glycation studies. AGEs accumulate in tissues and associate with the pathology of various diseases like Diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, renal failure, aging, etc. Methylglyoxal, 3-Deoxyglucosone and glyoxal (oxoaldehydes or α-dicarbonyls) have recently been proposed …
Trophoblasts And Endothelial Cells In Pregnancy-Associated Vascularization, Satyan Kalkunte
Trophoblasts And Endothelial Cells In Pregnancy-Associated Vascularization, Satyan Kalkunte
Open Access Dissertations
Dysregulated uteroplacental interaction and vascular remodeling are thought to be associated with the molecular events in preeclampsia. Due to the co-onset of maternal symptoms and placental pathology, we hypothesize that serum from preeclampsia patients could provide a "blueprint" of etiologic factors. To substantiate the hypothesis, a novel three dimensional dual cell culture in vitro model, a mimic of the vascular remodeling events during pregnancy, was established. In this model, unlike term trophoblasts, first trimester trophoblasts engage in a dynamic cross-talk and synchronize with the endothelial cells in a capillary network. Mechanistic studies indicate that poor expression of VEGF C and …
Rhetorics Of Place And Ecological Relationships: The Rhetorical Construction Of Narragansett Bay, Matthew Ortoleva
Rhetorics Of Place And Ecological Relationships: The Rhetorical Construction Of Narragansett Bay, Matthew Ortoleva
Open Access Dissertations
As an ethnographic study of how language and rhetorical acts are used to construct, challenge, and change ecological relationships to the Narragansett Bay watershed, this dissertation argues that there are three architectonic, master discourses that dominate the discursive domain of the Narragansett Bay watershed: the discourse of science, the discourse of economics, and the discourse of spirituality. These master discourses construct and authorize particular world-views, give human agents the vocabulary to speak about the world in particular ways, and produce multiple other sub-discourses, which in turn construct different ecological relationships to Narragansett Bay and lead to particular attitudes, beliefs, and …
Around, Alongside, Inside, And In-Between: The Geometries Of Performance In Contemporary U.S. Play And Film, Piotr A. Skuza
Around, Alongside, Inside, And In-Between: The Geometries Of Performance In Contemporary U.S. Play And Film, Piotr A. Skuza
Open Access Dissertations
Divided into four consecutive chapters, The Geometries of Performance is a study of how Don DeLillo's play Valparaiso and Barry Levinson's film production Wag the Dog both demonstrate and inform readers, spectators, and viewers, through the performative nature of both sources, about the intersections of Patricia Pisters's notion of "camera consciousness" and Roy Ascott's "network consciousness": how such intersections are formed, how they emerge and operate in the contexts of modern technologies of perception, and how they affect contemporary audience. In chapter 1, "Valparaiso: Möbius Strip I or, In the Regime of Monads (Tell us everything')," I study Don DeLillo's …
The Drift: Rethinking The Affective Dynamics Of Adaptation, John Hodgkins
The Drift: Rethinking The Affective Dynamics Of Adaptation, John Hodgkins
Open Access Dissertations
The Drift effects a deeper understanding of the dynamic relationship between literature and cinema by articulating an "affective turn" for adaptation studies, a field whose traditional focus has been the critical castigation of filmic adaptations based on canonical plays or novels. Specifically, this project draws on theorists such as Gilles Deleuze, Brian Massumi, and Marco Abel to re-conceive literary and cinematic texts as spatio-temporal engines generating and disseminating affect, and the adaptive process as a drifting of those intensities from one medium to another. By conceptualizing adaptation in this manner, this study steers clear of the chimerical notion of fidelity …
A Novel Nanotechtonics Approach To Nanoparticle Assembly For Chemical Sensing Arrays, Brian W. Corbett
A Novel Nanotechtonics Approach To Nanoparticle Assembly For Chemical Sensing Arrays, Brian W. Corbett
Open Access Dissertations
There is always a need for innovation in chemical sensing technologies. Over the past several decades, many advances have been realized. However, many applications still suffer due to the fact that they can be expensive and time consuming, both in the preparation/production of sensing devices/materials and in their use during analysis, making them impractical for routine analysis. The push toward new materials in the design of chemical sensing technologies has been pronounced. Novel materials based on nanotechtonic approaches offer more specificity to sensing applications and can offer the user ease of use at less expense. This work focuses on the …
Using Passive Samplers To Measure The Bioavailability And Transport Of Sedimentary Organic Contaminants, Carey L. Friedman
Using Passive Samplers To Measure The Bioavailability And Transport Of Sedimentary Organic Contaminants, Carey L. Friedman
Open Access Dissertations
Polyethylene (PE) sampler uptake was compared to polychaete uptake to assess bioavailability of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from resuspended sediments in the laboratory. Disequilibrium-corrected PE were found to take up PCBs in nearly a 1:1 ratio with polychaete lipid (r2 = 0.88), demonstrating that PE samplers are good biomimetic tools in laboratory exposure tests. When dissolved concentrations were calculated based on equilibrium partitioning from both PE and lipid, PE were found to overestimate biota exposure by 3.6 times on average. PE samplers and polychaetes demonstrated that resuspension under varying water column redox conditions does not affect bioavailability of residual PCBs. In …
The Development Of Novel Mr Molecular Imaging Agents Towards The Visualization Of Dat, Gregory R. Naumiec
The Development Of Novel Mr Molecular Imaging Agents Towards The Visualization Of Dat, Gregory R. Naumiec
Open Access Dissertations
The facile and definitive diagnosis of disease is paramount in treating patients effectively. The ability to image the body, and more precisely the ability to image the specific site of the ailment, has become a cornerstone in medicine. Currently, most imaging technologies focus on macroscopic physical, physiological, or metabolic changes rather than identifying specific molecular events that are responsible for disease. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a non-radioactive and high spatial resolution diagnostic technique capable of both anatomical and molecular imaging. Paramagnetic complexes, such as gadolinium, can be used as MRI contrast agents because their unpaired electrons increase the relaxivity …
Free Energy Changes In Water Clusters, Glen L. Holden
Free Energy Changes In Water Clusters, Glen L. Holden
Open Access Dissertations
Free energy changes and other thermodynamic properties have been determined for classical TIP4P water clusters for aggregrate sizes 2 ≤ n ≤ 20 using Monte Carlo methods. The pairwise monomer interactions (PMI) are represented by Lennard-Jones and Coulombic potentials and the free energies, enthalpies and entropies are calculated as a function of temperature and cluster size. Temperature dependent heat capacity curves have provided the diagnostic for the observed phase changes in the processes considered. By examining the fine structure in the free energy changes as a function of cluster size, processes n=7 and n=11 have been found to be particularly …
Evaluation Of Treatment Discontinuation, Patterns Of Respiratory Arrest And Myocardial Infarction And Re-Hospitalization Rates In Patients Treated For Schizophrenia, Gillis Joseph Carrigan
Evaluation Of Treatment Discontinuation, Patterns Of Respiratory Arrest And Myocardial Infarction And Re-Hospitalization Rates In Patients Treated For Schizophrenia, Gillis Joseph Carrigan
Open Access Dissertations
Schizophrenia is a serious mental illness characterized by debilitating effects including, hallucinations, delusions, disordered speech and abnormal thought processes. Due to its chronic nature, and early onset, schizophrenia can cause extreme disruption to patients' lives, often with devastating and lasting effects on individuals and their families. In the past 10-15 years, a number of new pharmacological treatments, referred to as atypical antipsychotics, have emerged for the management of schizophrenia. The purpose of this dissertation was to compare the effectiveness of the atypicals within class, and also in comparison to older antipsychotic agents. Antipsychotic treatment was examined with respect to all …
Physiological And Molecular Mechanisms Of Salt Stress Tolerance In Festuca Rubra And Lolium Perenne, Sanalkumar Krishnan
Physiological And Molecular Mechanisms Of Salt Stress Tolerance In Festuca Rubra And Lolium Perenne, Sanalkumar Krishnan
Open Access Dissertations
The present study was conducted to identify the physiological and molecular mechanisms involved in the salt tolerance of Festuca rubra ssp rubra and Lolium perenne. The salt tolerance levels of 36 Festuca accessions and 52 Lolium perenne accessions were evaluated in the greenhouse under 5000, 7500, 10000, 12500 and 15000 ppm NaCl concentrations. The study identified PI 595057 and PI 632525 as salt tolerant and sensitive Festuca rubra accessions. PI 632542, PI 636644 and PI 618999 were found to be the most salt tolerant L. perenne accessions while PI 610932, PI 619002, PI 610924 and PI 632474 were the most …
Building Resilience To Coastal Disasters: An Assessment Of Social Resilience During Recovery After The Indian Ocean Tsunami In Thailand, Dawn M. Kotowicz
Building Resilience To Coastal Disasters: An Assessment Of Social Resilience During Recovery After The Indian Ocean Tsunami In Thailand, Dawn M. Kotowicz
Open Access Dissertations
The purpose of this dissertation is to evaluate changes in social resilience to coastal disasters in the coastal community of Suk Sumran in Thailand during recovery from the Indian Ocean tsunami. Specifically, the objective of this research is to determine if there was an increase in indicators of social resilience during the two years of recovery following the disaster. The assessment included an examination of the design of a sub-set of projects implemented during the recovery effort, description of the socio-economic changes related to social resilience over the course of recovery and an exploration of the perceptions related to social …
Analysis Of The Function And Evolution Of The Cellulose Synthase-Like C Gene Family Using The Model Organism Physcomitrella Patens, Michael John Budziszek Ii
Analysis Of The Function And Evolution Of The Cellulose Synthase-Like C Gene Family Using The Model Organism Physcomitrella Patens, Michael John Budziszek Ii
Open Access Dissertations
The plant cell wall is an integral component of everyday life. A complete understanding of the biosynthesis of the various cell wall polysaccharides will help in areas of agricultural production, biofuel development, and other economic industries. A daunting area of plant cell wall research is to identify genes that encode proteins involved in the biosynthesis of the various cell wall polysaccharides. The structure and resilience of the cell wall makes this a challenging endeavor. Recent advances in genetics and biochemical techniques may pave the way for promising insights into the dynamics of the cell wall. The focus of this study …
Global Behavior Of Difference Equations, Ann M. Brett
Global Behavior Of Difference Equations, Ann M. Brett
Open Access Dissertations
In my first manuscript, I investigate the global stability character of the equilibrium points and the period-two solutions of [special characters omitted] with positive parameters and nonnegative initial conditions. I show that every solution of the equation in the title converges to either the zero equilibrium, the positive equilibrium or the period-two solution, for all values of parameters outside of a specific set defined in the paper. In the case when the equilibrium points and period-two solution coexist I give a precise description of the basins of attraction of all points. My results give an affirmative answer to Conjecture 9.5.6 …
Antagonism Of Bacterial Cell To Cell Signalling By Metabolites Of Marine Gram-Positive Bacteria, Margaret E. Teasdale
Antagonism Of Bacterial Cell To Cell Signalling By Metabolites Of Marine Gram-Positive Bacteria, Margaret E. Teasdale
Open Access Dissertations
A form of communication in bacteria called quorum sensing (QS) regulates both microbial biofilm development and pathogenesis. QS is a process by which bacteria take a census of their numbers and regulate specific phenotypic expression using small signaling molecules called autoinducers. Interference with QS has been identified as a potentially novel therapeutic approach to the treatment of bacterial infections. This attenuation of the bacterial community prevents the successful establishment of an infection. The second chapter discusses the isolation of causative agents of bioluminescence inhibition in Vibrio harveyi. Bioassay-guided fractionation lead to the isolation of two arylethylamides from isolate C42, a …