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Motile Cryptofauna Of An Eastern Pacific Coral Reef: Biodiversity And Trophic Contribution, Ian C. Enochs
Motile Cryptofauna Of An Eastern Pacific Coral Reef: Biodiversity And Trophic Contribution, Ian C. Enochs
Open Access Dissertations
Coral reef cryptofauna (coelobites) are metazoans that occupy the hidden recesses formed by structural taxa such as corals. While cryptic communities are thought to account for the majority of reef biodiversity and play important roles in reef trophodynamics, little empirical evidence exists supporting these claims. Quantitative sampling of coelobites has been thus far limited due to highly heterogeneous reef topographies as well as difficulties associated with identification of large numbers of species. In the eastern Pacific, monogeneric stands of Pocillopora form reef structures that are homogeneous across a horizontal plane and support a relatively depauperate fauna, thereby permitting detailed multispecies …
Dynamical Grouping In Complex Systems, Zhenyuan Zhao
Dynamical Grouping In Complex Systems, Zhenyuan Zhao
Open Access Dissertations
Quantifying the behavior of complex systems arguably presents the common ¡°hard¡±problem across the physical, biological, social, economic sciences. Individual-based or agent-based models have proved useful in a variety of different real world systems: from the physical, biological, medical domains through to social and even financial domains. There are many different models in each of these fields, each with their own particular assumptions, strengths and weaknesses for particular application areas. However, there is a lack of minimal model analysis in which both numerical and analytic results can be obtained, and hence allowing different application domains to be analyzed on a common …
Pinus Elliottii Var. Densa Seedling Performance Reflects Ectomycorrhizas, Soil Nutrient Availability And Root Competition, Tania Wyss Lozano Hoyos
Pinus Elliottii Var. Densa Seedling Performance Reflects Ectomycorrhizas, Soil Nutrient Availability And Root Competition, Tania Wyss Lozano Hoyos
Open Access Dissertations
Ectomycorrhizas generally improve seedling mineral nutrition and growth, so I hypothesized that decline of the Florida native pine variety Pinus elliottii var. densa Little & Dorman is related to deficiency of appropriate ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi in the pine's native flatwoods. At Archbold Biological Station I examined how quickly ECM fungi colonize P. elliottii var. densa seedlings and I compared the effect of local absence versus presence of adult pines on ECM colonization and pine seedling performance. Under controlled greenhouse conditions, I investigated how a wide range of ECM colonization and spread of extraradical mycelium throughout a large volume of relatively …
Mate Choice In A Sexually Dimorphic Marine Bird, The Great Frigatebird (Fregata Minor), Frans A. Juola
Mate Choice In A Sexually Dimorphic Marine Bird, The Great Frigatebird (Fregata Minor), Frans A. Juola
Open Access Dissertations
Darwin's theory of sexual selection explains the existence of sexual dimorphism, or within-species sex differences in shape, color, size, and behavior. In some cases, sexually dimorphic traits, especially extravagant male ornaments, seem maladaptive and thus in opposition to natural selection. The crux of Darwin's theory was that sexual selection arises from individual differences in reproductive success that result from competition for mates. In this dissertation, I investigated several aspects of sexual selection and the evolution of female mating preferences and male ornaments in the great frigatebird (Fregata minor). Frigatebirds as a group (family Fregatidae) are the most ornamented of any …
Intrinsic And Extrinsic Factors For The Regeneration Of Brainstem Axons After Spinal Cord Injury, Ryan R. Williams
Intrinsic And Extrinsic Factors For The Regeneration Of Brainstem Axons After Spinal Cord Injury, Ryan R. Williams
Open Access Dissertations
After traumatic injury, the successful regeneration of axons in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS) that leads to functional recovery will require a combination of therapeutic strategies. Following complete transection of the thoracic spinal cord, previous studies found the implantation of a bridge containing Schwann cells (SCs) and Matrigel promotes intraspinal but not supraspinal axon regeneration. Therefore, work in this dissertation sought to elucidate both intrinsic and extrinsic factors that enhance the regeneration of brainstem axons in a SC bridge. Adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector-mediated expression of green fluorescent protein (GFP) was utilized as a novel method for anterogradely tracing the …
The Carbonate System In Natural Waters, Hector Bustos-Serrano
The Carbonate System In Natural Waters, Hector Bustos-Serrano
Open Access Dissertations
Reliable measurements of the thermodynamics of the carbonate system are needed to better understand the CO2 system in natural waters. New measurements of the carbonic acid pK1* and pK2* in seawater have been made over a wide range of temperatures (1 to 50°C) and salinities. The commonly used CO2 constants of Mehrbach et al., (1973) were limited to salinities (19 to 43) and temperatures (2 to 35°C). They cannot be used to study estuarine or fresh waters. The results of these measured pK1* and pK2* values are in good agreement with those determined using the Miami Pitzer equations (Millero and …
Physiological Effects Of High Salinity In Teleost Fish, Janet Genz
Physiological Effects Of High Salinity In Teleost Fish, Janet Genz
Open Access Dissertations
Natural exposure to hypersaline environments occurs in many fish species (e.g. in tidal pools, lakes, estuaries, or due to migration). Fish in environments that are more concentrated than their extracellular fluids experience continual diffusive water loss which they combat by drinking. Intestinal Na+ and Cl- absorption drives water uptake and concentrates impermeable MgSO4 in the lumen. Epithelial Cl- absorption occurs in part by apical Cl-/HCO3- exchange, with HCO3- provided by transepithelial transport and/or by carbonic anhydrase-mediated hydration of endogenous CO2. Hydration of CO2 also liberates H+, which is excreted across either the basolateral or apical membranes. Transport of water, ions, …
Risk Factors And Suspected Child Maltreatment, Lilia Diaz Pino
Risk Factors And Suspected Child Maltreatment, Lilia Diaz Pino
Open Access Dissertations
Maltreatment affected an estimated 794,000 children in the 50 States, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico in 2007 (United States Department of Health and Human Services [USDHHS], 2009). The purpose of this study was to examine the risk factors of young maternal age, parents' marital status, multiple birth, preterm birth, birth defects/disability, low economic status, and parental substance abuse related to suspected maltreatment of children 3 years of age or younger from the prospective of pediatric nurse practitioners (PNPs). A cross-sectional survey design, using the Tailored Design Method, was used in this study. A convenience sample consisting of the …
Early Life Dynamics In Tropical Western Atlantic And Caribbean Snappers (Lutjanidae) And Barracudas (Sphyraenidae), Evan K. D'Alessandro
Early Life Dynamics In Tropical Western Atlantic And Caribbean Snappers (Lutjanidae) And Barracudas (Sphyraenidae), Evan K. D'Alessandro
Open Access Dissertations
Processes occurring during the early life of marine fishes encompassing the larval, settlement, and juvenile stages can have important impacts on recruitment and subsequent population dynamics. Yet these life stages remain poorly understood, especially in coral reef-associated species of commercial and recreational fisheries interest. Two years (2003-2004) of monthly sampling of 17 stations along a transect spanning the east-west axis of the Straits of Florida revealed consistent spatiotemporal patterns in larval abundance, growth, and mortality of several snapper and barracuda species. Much of the species-specific variability in these patterns tracked adult life history, and spatial (several snapper species) and temporal …
Going Green Down Under: Environmental Communication And Green Product Marketing In The South Eastern Australian Wine Industry, Kevin Michael Visconti
Going Green Down Under: Environmental Communication And Green Product Marketing In The South Eastern Australian Wine Industry, Kevin Michael Visconti
Open Access Dissertations
The consumption of wine has served as an international communication expedient for thousands of years. From classical symposiums of ancient times to religious ceremonies practiced for centuries, wine has played a significant part in countless social gatherings across the ages and continents. Recent growth in international wine trade, however, has impacted an increasingly disrupted natural environment through amplified carbon output, overuse of synthetic chemicals, topsoil erosion, and water mismanagement. Vintners, or winemakers, have been tasked by the implementation of new legal standards, as well as the urging of ecologically aware prospective consumers, to instill a winemaking process that is green, …
Biometric Recognition Systems Employing Novel Shape-Based Features, Jindan Zhou
Biometric Recognition Systems Employing Novel Shape-Based Features, Jindan Zhou
Open Access Dissertations
With the increased security requirements in a variety of applications and advances in sensor technology, emerging biometric technologies, including using some lesser known biometrics, have become important research topics. This is due to the potential benefits they may provide as independent biometric markers or as compliments to existing biometric systems. In this work, our aim is to explore new biometric technologies for person identification. We consider three different biometrics, namely, Three Dimensional (3D) and Two Dimensional (2D) ear biometrics, 3D face recognition, and human identification based on dental X-Ray images. For the ear biometrics component, we propose a novel 3D …
Psychotropic Medication Use In The Pediatric Cancer Population, Mary Whitney Ward
Psychotropic Medication Use In The Pediatric Cancer Population, Mary Whitney Ward
Open Access Dissertations
Psychotropic medications commonly used with children have been associated with side effects significant enough to warrant warnings from the Food and Drug Administration. The risks of these side effects are potentially increased in children who are long-term survivors of childhood cancer because of damage to the heart and central nervous system (CNS) due to chemotherapy and radiation therapy. There are few empirical studies addressing whether children treated for cancer have greater exposure to psychotropic medications than the general population, the reasons for use of psychotropic medications in cancer survivors, or whether risks associated with cancer treatment are considered when psychotropic …
Transport And Metabolism Of Glucose In Intervertebral Disc, Alicia R. Jackson
Transport And Metabolism Of Glucose In Intervertebral Disc, Alicia R. Jackson
Open Access Dissertations
Low back pain is a major social and economic dilemma in the United States. Despite its high impact, the origins of low back remain unclear. Nonetheless, degenerative changes to the intervertebral discs (IVD) of the spine have been implicated as a possible source leading to pain. Poor nutritional supply to the IVD is believed to play a primary role in the pathophysiology of disc degeneration. Since the disc is avascular, vital nutrients, such as glucose, must be supplied by surrounding blood vessels. However, the transport and metabolic properties of glucose in the IVD have not been fully delineated. This knowledge …
Characterization Of D-Aspartate Receptor Currents In Aplysia Californica, Stephen L. Carlson
Characterization Of D-Aspartate Receptor Currents In Aplysia Californica, Stephen L. Carlson
Open Access Dissertations
D-Aspartate (D-Asp) is an endogenous compound found in the central nervous system (CNS) of a variety of organisms. Despite its prevalence, however, relatively little understood of its physiological role. The prevailing theory is that D-Asp is an alternate agonist of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) channels. The goal of this work was to characterize the currents activated by D-Asp in neurons Aplysia californica, focusing on cells of the buccal S cluster (BSC). First, a general electrophysiological characterization was carried out, examining ion permeability, agonist dose-response, and the kinetics of activation, inactivation, and desensitization. D-Asp activated non-specific cation currents characterized by permeability to …
Inputs And Biogeochemical Impacts Of Nutrient Deposition On The Subtropical North Atlantic, Lauren M. Zamora
Inputs And Biogeochemical Impacts Of Nutrient Deposition On The Subtropical North Atlantic, Lauren M. Zamora
Open Access Dissertations
Atmospheric nitrogen deposition to the ocean has more than doubled in the past 150 years due to anthropogenic activity, reaching levels comparable with nitrogen fixation in the subtropical North Atlantic. Previous studies have suggested that atmospherically deposited N may increase export production, decrease surface water phosphate levels, and substantially impact geochemical estimates of nitrogen fixation. This dissertation reports on the magnitude and biogeochemical fate of soluble N and P deposition in the subtropical North Atlantic. Aerosol and wet deposition time-series samples were used to determine the fluxes, sources, and N:P ratios of atmospheric nutrient deposition. Based on the magnitudes of …
Theoretical Studies Of Structure-Function Relationships In Kv Channels: Electrostatics Of The Voltage Sensor, Alexander Peyser
Theoretical Studies Of Structure-Function Relationships In Kv Channels: Electrostatics Of The Voltage Sensor, Alexander Peyser
Open Access Dissertations
Voltage-gated ion channels mediate electrical excitability of cellular membranes. Re- duced models of the voltage sensor (VS) of Kv channels produce insight into the electrostatic physics underlying the response of the highly positively charged S4 transmembrane domain to changes in membrane potential and other electrostatic parameters. By calculating the partition function computed from the electrostatic energy over translational and/or rotational degrees of freedom, I compute expectations of charge displacement, energetics, probability distributions of translation & rotation and Maxwell stress for arrangements of S4 positively charged residues and S2 & S3 negatively charged counter-charges; these computations can then be compared with …
Understanding The Role Of Novel Gene-Environmental And Gene-Gene Interactions In The Pathogenesis Of Age Related Macular Degeneration, Juan A. Ayala-Haedo
Understanding The Role Of Novel Gene-Environmental And Gene-Gene Interactions In The Pathogenesis Of Age Related Macular Degeneration, Juan A. Ayala-Haedo
Open Access Dissertations
The purpose of the study was to assess single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in NOS2 A, ESR1, ESR2 and MMP-2 genes that may affect the risk for age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and may interact with environmental factors such as estrogen exposure and smoking, thereby modifying their effect on AMD. AMD is an ocular degenerative disease with known genetic and environmental factors. However, the disease risk genes identified so far account only for part of the genetic attributable risk and the role of new disease risk genes remain to be evaluated. For non-genetic risk factors, the most extensively analyzed are smoking and …
Muc4, The Integral Membrane Modulator Of Erbb2:The Effects Of Muc4 Expression On Erbb2 And Erbb3 Phosphorylation, Receptor Levels And Sub-Cellular Localization In Breast Cancer Cells Treated With Neuregulin, Patricia F. Boothe
Open Access Dissertations
Muc4, a heterodimeric transmembrane mucin containing EGF-like domains, has been described as an ErbB2-binding protein which modulates signaling via the ErbB2-ErbB3 pathway. In Muc4-transfected MCF-7 cells, Muc4 expression resulted in alteration of both the time course and phosphorylation levels of NRG beta 1 induced phosphorylation and activation of both ErbB2 and ErbB3. Muc4 significantly enhanced the autophosphorylation of ErbB2 over the early (defined 0-30 min) and intermediate (30-120 min) NRG beta 1 treatment times at three sites, Y1248, Y1221 and Y1139. The sites displayed differential maximal phosphorylation times. At Y1248 and Y1139, maximal phosphorylation occurred entirely during the early treatment …
The Role Of Morphology In The Locomotor Performance Of Arboreal Snakes, Ronald C. Rozar
The Role Of Morphology In The Locomotor Performance Of Arboreal Snakes, Ronald C. Rozar
Open Access Dissertations
Adaptation is difficult to directly demonstrate. However, the role that a morphological character, or suite of characters plays in the fitness of a species can be elucidated by examining the intermediate link between morphology and fitness â?? performance. Linking morphology to performance, and then performance to fitness can demonstrate the adaptive significance of a morphological character. Arboreal snakes possess a suite of characteristic morphological traits that differentiate these snakes from their terrestrial counterparts, and these characteristic traits have been presumed to be of an adaptive nature. To determine if these characteristic traits are of an adaptive nature I have taken …
Tissue Engineering Strategies For The Treatment Of Peripheral Vascular Diseases, Hans Layman
Tissue Engineering Strategies For The Treatment Of Peripheral Vascular Diseases, Hans Layman
Open Access Dissertations
Peripheral vascular diseases such as peripheral artery disease (PAD) and critical limb ischemia (CLI) are growing at an ever-increasing rate in the Western world due to an aging population and the incidence of type II diabetes. A growing economic burden continues because these diseases are common indicators of future heart attack or stroke. Common therapies are generally limited to pharmacologic agents or endovascular therapies which have had mixed results still ending in necrosis or limb loss. Therapeutic angiogenic strategies have become welcome options for patients suffering from PAD due to the restoration of blood flow in the extremities. Capillary sprouting …
Phylogeography Of The Marsh Rice Rat (Oryzomys Palustris) In Wetlands Of The Southeastern United States, Jane L. Indorf
Phylogeography Of The Marsh Rice Rat (Oryzomys Palustris) In Wetlands Of The Southeastern United States, Jane L. Indorf
Open Access Dissertations
The marsh rice rat (Oryzomys palustris) is a semi-aquatic rodent endemic to the southeastern United States. Unlike most terrestrial small mammals, the marsh rice rat can easily disperse over water and has a close association with wetlands. These specialized traits have likely greatly shaped the genetic structure and diversity within this species. I studied genetic patterns within the marsh rice rat to understand how this species' specialized ecology, as well as the geologic and climatic history of the southeastern United States, affected the genetic structuring within this species. The phylogeography of many species in the southeastern United States has been …
The Role Of E6-Associated Protein In Estrogen Receptor Alpha Regulation, Heath W. Catoe
The Role Of E6-Associated Protein In Estrogen Receptor Alpha Regulation, Heath W. Catoe
Open Access Dissertations
The Estrogen Receptor alpha (ER alpha) is a multi-domain transcription factor that has been extensively studied due to its known involvement in breast cancer treatment and progression. Subsequent studies have shown coregulators are extensively involved in modulating the transcriptional activation of ER alpha and many of these proteins possess enzymatic functions. Coregulators are divided into two categories, coactivators which enhance transcriptional output and corepressors which decrease transcriptional output. One protein responsible for Angelman syndrome, E6-associated protein (E6-AP) was found to be a coactivator of ER alpha and possessed ubiquitin ligase activity; however, the ubiquitin ligase activity has been shown not …
Interactions Between Water Chemistry And Waterborne Lead Exposure To Freshwater Organisms, Edward M. Mager
Interactions Between Water Chemistry And Waterborne Lead Exposure To Freshwater Organisms, Edward M. Mager
Open Access Dissertations
This dissertation characterizes the influences of water chemistry on the acute toxicity of lead (Pb) to two of the long-standing sentinel test organisms commonly employed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) and daphnid (Ceriodaphnia dubia), for parameterization of an acute Pb Biotic Ligand Model (BLM). In addition, a toxicogenomic approach was employed to identify genes that might serve as molecular markers of Pb exposure and long-term effects, as well as provide new insights as to the underlying toxic mechanisms of chronic Pb exposure in P. promelas. The endpoints of growth, reproduction, Pb accumulation, …
Travel, Migration And Hiv:Comparing Risk Behaviors Betweennative And Migrant Jamaican Persons Infected With Hiv, Yoran T. Grant
Travel, Migration And Hiv:Comparing Risk Behaviors Betweennative And Migrant Jamaican Persons Infected With Hiv, Yoran T. Grant
Open Access Dissertations
Migration and travel have been significant factors in the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic since its emergence in 1981. Understanding the current effects of migration and travel on HIV/AIDS transmission and survival is essential to intervention efforts, especially for immigrants. Previous research highlights differences between immigrants and native ethnic minorities, but few studies compare immigrant groups to their peers in the country of origin. The overall objective of this study was to explore the relationship between migration, travel and risk behavior among Jamaicans infected with HIV. This dissertation study analyzed HIV/AIDS registry data from the New York City Department of …
A Strategy Utilizing Simple Clinical And Laboratory Tests To Identify Fallers Among Healthy Independently-Living Older Persons, Abigail M. Bedient
A Strategy Utilizing Simple Clinical And Laboratory Tests To Identify Fallers Among Healthy Independently-Living Older Persons, Abigail M. Bedient
Open Access Dissertations
Background and Purpose: Falls are the leading cause of accidental death among older adults. Reducing falls risk is one of the major safety concerns for older persons. More than one-third of people 65 years and older will experience one or more falls per year and nearly half of the people over 80 years of age will fall at least once each year. A key initial step in reducing falls is identifying those persons at highest risk so that they can be assessed and prescribed appropriate interventions. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the capacity of a number …
Ubiquitylation Of Neuronal Pentraxin With Chromo Domain By The E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Mayven/Klhl2 And Effects On Aggresome Formation And Neuronal Cytotoxicity, Leinweih Andrew Tseng
Ubiquitylation Of Neuronal Pentraxin With Chromo Domain By The E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Mayven/Klhl2 And Effects On Aggresome Formation And Neuronal Cytotoxicity, Leinweih Andrew Tseng
Open Access Dissertations
Neuronal pentraxin with chromo domain (NPCD) belongs to a family of neuronally-expressed pentraxin proteins thought to be involved in synaptic refinement and plasticity. One isoform of Npcd, neuronal pentraxin receptor (NPR), is a type-II transmembrane protein responsible for the clustering of related neuronal pentraxins 1 and 2. However, recently identified cytosolic NPCD isoforms with no known function were discovered through their interaction with the intracellular domain of a receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase PTPRO. PTPRO is a signaling molecule known to be involved in the development of the nervous system. Additionally, upregulated expression of neuronal pentraxins has been implicated in neuronal …
Ubiquitylation Of Neuronal Pentraxin With Chromo Domain By The E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Mayven/Klhl2 And Effects On Aggresome Formation And Neuronal Cytotoxicity, Leinweih Andrew Tseng
Ubiquitylation Of Neuronal Pentraxin With Chromo Domain By The E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Mayven/Klhl2 And Effects On Aggresome Formation And Neuronal Cytotoxicity, Leinweih Andrew Tseng
Open Access Dissertations
Neuronal pentraxin with chromo domain (NPCD) belongs to a family of neuronally-expressed pentraxin proteins thought to be involved in synaptic refinement and plasticity. One isoform of Npcd, neuronal pentraxin receptor (NPR), is a type-II transmembrane protein responsible for the clustering of related neuronal pentraxins 1 and 2. However, recently identified cytosolic NPCD isoforms with no known function were discovered through their interaction with the intracellular domain of a receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase PTPRO. PTPRO is a signaling molecule known to be involved in the development of the nervous system. Additionally, upregulated expression of neuronal pentraxins has been implicated in neuronal …
The Effects Of A Polynutrient Dietary Supplement On Physiological Measures And Mood State In Resistance Trained Men, Thomas Incledon
The Effects Of A Polynutrient Dietary Supplement On Physiological Measures And Mood State In Resistance Trained Men, Thomas Incledon
Open Access Dissertations
The purpose of the present study was to test the acute effects of a dietary supplement, having as its major ingredient an extract of ginseng, on grip strength, lower body power output, cardiovascular markers, metabolic markers, hormones, and mood state. Twelve experienced resistance-trained men (28.3 ± 5.7 yrs) were randomly administered placebo (P), single dose (SD) and double dose (DD) of the supplement on separate days. Diet and activity levels were kept constant across testing days. On each day, subjects began with the Profile of Mood States (POMSpre1), blood draws (BDpre1), blood pressure (BPpre1), and heart rate (HRpre1) assessments, then …
Transcription Cofactor Lbh Is A Direct Target Of The Oncogenic Wnt Pathway With An Important Role In Breast Cancer, Megan E. Rieger
Transcription Cofactor Lbh Is A Direct Target Of The Oncogenic Wnt Pathway With An Important Role In Breast Cancer, Megan E. Rieger
Open Access Dissertations
Limb-Bud and Heart (LBH) is a novel key transcriptional regulator of vertebrate development. However, the molecular mechanisms upstream of LBH and its role in adult development are unknown. Here we show that in epithelial development, LBH expression is tightly controlled by Wnt signaling. LBH is transcriptionally induced by the canonical Wnt pathway, as evident by the presence of functional TCF/LEF binding sites in the LBH locus and rapid beta-catenin-dependent upregulation of endogenous LBH by Wnt3a. In contrast, LBH induction by Wnt/beta-catenin signaling is inhibited by Wnt7a, which in limb development signals through a non-canonical pathway involving Lmx1b. Furthermore, we show …
The Common Pond Snail Lymnaea Stagnalis: Extracellular Fluid Recovery In Adults And Calcification And Lead Sensitivity During Embryonic Development, Sue C. Ebanks
Open Access Dissertations
Freshwater organisms are known to maintain hyperosmotic internal conditions despite outward diffusive loss of ions. The freshwater common pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis faces this challenge while additionally attaining the necessary ions for calcification. These are the first documented assessments of the time and mode of recovery for ions lost due to full-body withdrawal in adults of this species. Additionally, this document reports on the physiological and developmental onset of embryonic calcification and the commencement of active acquisition of shell-forming ions from the surrounding environment. The effect of water chemistry and lead (Pb) exposure on embryonic growth, development, and calcium (Ca …