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Articles 1411 - 1440 of 2203
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Standard English Language Acquisition Among African American Vernacular English Speaking Adolescents: A Modified Guided Reading Study, Benjamin T. Lester
Standard English Language Acquisition Among African American Vernacular English Speaking Adolescents: A Modified Guided Reading Study, Benjamin T. Lester
Open Access Dissertations
This dissertation is an effort to contribute to the knowledge base concerning reading instruction for adolescent students who speak African American Vernacular English (AAVE), as well as their acquisition of Standard English (SE), by focusing on language structure during a modified approach to guided reading (MGR). Emphasis was placed on teaching the eight inflectional morphemes in SE, as well as other literacy strategies to AAVE speaking students. This intervention hypothesized that the teaching and learning of inflectional morphemes, in particular, would increase SE literacy acquisition. The intervention utilized formative experiment methodology and a quasi-experimental time series design. Data sources and …
Planning To Perform: The Application Of Project Management Principles To Recital Preparation, Karen Ann Click
Planning To Perform: The Application Of Project Management Principles To Recital Preparation, Karen Ann Click
Open Access Dissertations
Many musicians, artists and other creative thinkers often struggle with organizational skills in preparation for events that require detailed planning, notably recital preparation. Musicians often find themselves ill-prepared and must reschedule the event, recycle music that they do not wish to perform, or ultimately perform at a lower standard. Currently, there is no standardized, established model for pianists or other types of musicians to guide them in setting up a recital and successfully executing all of its parts from start to finish. This study, through discussion of the employment of project management principles, aids artists in putting together a performance …
Exploring The Decision Making Process Of Prevention Providers In Adopting Or Rejecting A Community-Level Approach To Substance Abuse Prevention, Marco S. Andrade
Exploring The Decision Making Process Of Prevention Providers In Adopting Or Rejecting A Community-Level Approach To Substance Abuse Prevention, Marco S. Andrade
Open Access Dissertations
Interventions for the prevention of alcohol, tobacco and other drug use (ATOD) have become more sophisticated (Biglan, Mrazek, Carnine, & Flay, 2003; Botvin & Griffin, 2005), partly because the demand for accountability from federal and private funding has increased (Gorman, 2002a, 2002b). Community-level interventions1,2 are multi-component interventions that combine individual and environmental change strategies across multiple settings to prevent dysfunction and promote well-being among population groups in a defined local community (Wandersman and Florin, 2003). A community-level intervention delivered by a community coalition is a model being advocated in the academic literature (Warner, 2000) and increasingly promulgated by federal …
How Do You Stop The Boogeyman? An Evaluation Of A Sexual Assault Prevention Program, Hilary Brooke Jones
How Do You Stop The Boogeyman? An Evaluation Of A Sexual Assault Prevention Program, Hilary Brooke Jones
Open Access Dissertations
Sexual assault is a widespread phenomenon, and most girls are taught from a young age that it is something they should fear. This fear restricts their freedom, and if their fear is realized, there are significant physical, psychological, and societal effects. Because of this, it is in the best interest of all members of society to try to prevent sexual assault. While much previous sexual assault prevention work has focused on self-defense and risk-reduction strategies for women, recent work in prevention programs has focused on changing gender stereotypes, rape myths, and social norms around sexual violence with the hope of …
Client Nurse Interactions With Schizophrenic Clients: A Descriptive Study, Karen Vincent Pounds
Client Nurse Interactions With Schizophrenic Clients: A Descriptive Study, Karen Vincent Pounds
Open Access Dissertations
Social dysfunction is one of the hallmark characteristics of chronic schizophrenia. Social cognition has been identified as having a role in this feature of the disorder. Recent literature and research has focused on facial and vocal affect recognition and social cue perception. Each of these functions influences an individual's ability to respond in a social situation. Despite the growing body of research, little is known about the actual interaction of providers with these clients. This qualitative descriptive research study focused on the interactions of a clinical nurse specialist (CNS) with three clients with schizophrenia in an urban community mental health …
Telemetric Assessment Of Stereotypical Motor Movements In Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Matthew S. Goodwin
Telemetric Assessment Of Stereotypical Motor Movements In Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Matthew S. Goodwin
Open Access Dissertations
Stereotypical motor movements are one of the most common and least understood behaviors occurring in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). When severe, engagement in these behaviors can lead to social stigmatization and complicate social interaction. Moreover, if a stereotypical motor movement becomes a dominant behavior in an individual's repertoire, it can interfere with the performance of established skills and acquisition of new skills, and may lead to self-injurious behavior. Stereotypical motor movements are complex and thought to serve a multiplicity of functions. However, problems with traditional methods for measuring stereotypical motor movements have made it difficult to determine when …
Speaking Out: Class, Race, And Gender In The Writings Of Ruth Mcenery Stuart, Edith Summers Kelley, And Harriette Simpson Arnow, Claire E. Reynolds
Speaking Out: Class, Race, And Gender In The Writings Of Ruth Mcenery Stuart, Edith Summers Kelley, And Harriette Simpson Arnow, Claire E. Reynolds
Open Access Dissertations
This study analyzes representations in American fiction of social issues during periods of national turmoil. Ruth McEnery Stuart, Edith Summers Kelley, and Harriette Simpson Arnow draw characters marginalized by class, gender, race, and ethnicity who negotiate survival amid crisis and adverse socioeconomic conditions. Giving voice to people who could not speak for themselves, the texts perform the work of cultural resistance to a discourse that privileges capitalism, patriarchy, and white supremacy while oppressing the poor, women, and non-whites. Following an introductory chapter, I present the authors and their works chronologically, beginning each chapter with a brief overview of the historical …
An Integration Of Statistical Approaches To Help Understand Coalition Effectiveness, Nathan Stein
An Integration Of Statistical Approaches To Help Understand Coalition Effectiveness, Nathan Stein
Open Access Dissertations
Although community coalitions have significant promise for reducing substance and alcohol abuse, research on community coalitions has provided mixed results. Whereas some progress has been made towards understanding the dimensions that underlie the effectiveness of coalitions, the research contains several limitations. These limitations include a lack of consensus on measurement tools, limited systematic empirical studies (Kegler, Steckler, McLeroy, & Malek, 1998), and limited research on actual outcomes. The proposed study seeks to address these limitations. There are two levels of participants in this study. The first level of participants consists of eighth-grade students (N=5,045) in Rhode Island. They provided information …
Multicultural Awareness In College Freshmen: An Examination Of Measures And Interventions, Clarissa M. Uttley
Multicultural Awareness In College Freshmen: An Examination Of Measures And Interventions, Clarissa M. Uttley
Open Access Dissertations
An increasing number of higher education institutions are paying conscious attention to enhancing students' experiences with diversity. The University of Rhode Island (URI) has implemented activities to address the growing needs of a diverse population. Students at URI are required to complete at least two courses designed as having a diversity emphasis as part of their undergraduate curriculum. Additionally, the Multicultural Center on the Kingston campus of URI conducts numerous diversity awareness and education programs throughout the year, including Diversity Week. The Munroe Multicultural Attitude Scale Questionnaire (MASQUE) was created in 2004 by Dr. Arnold Munroe to address the need …
Interpersonal And Psychosexual Factors Predicting Hiv-Related Risky Sex Behaviors In Heterosexually Active Women And Men, Asako C. Matsuura
Interpersonal And Psychosexual Factors Predicting Hiv-Related Risky Sex Behaviors In Heterosexually Active Women And Men, Asako C. Matsuura
Open Access Dissertations
This study focused on psychosexual and interpersonal constructs and their relationship with partner risk and unprotected intercourse, based on the multifaceted model of HIV risk (MMOHR). The model was examined for 625 men and women (ages 18-24); the model was then compared across gender. The MMOHR-based model was strongly supported. Having a higher sense of self-efficacy in using condoms, and a higher sense of assertiveness in practicing prevention both predicted decreased unprotected vaginal intercourse. Contrastingly, those better able to refuse unwanted sexual advances were more likely to report unprotected vaginal intercourse. Condom use assertiveness significantly predicted condom self-efficacy and condom …
The Opportunity To Learn: Identification And Measurement Of School Conditions That Contextualize Student Achievement, Amy L. Burns
The Opportunity To Learn: Identification And Measurement Of School Conditions That Contextualize Student Achievement, Amy L. Burns
Open Access Dissertations
Current educational accountability systems, which are based primarily on school-aggregate and student subgroup results of annual achievement testing, fail to address two fundamental and interrelated issues at the school level: the identification of opportunity-to-learn (OTL) conditions that impact how students perform and the measurement of these conditions for longitudinal school improvement. Three factors which emerge from review of literature as influential OTL conditions are instructional quality, parent involvement, and school climate. A reliable method for determining the existing levels of these OTL factors in schools is sought as a means of gauging school progress over time that does not depend …
A Concurrent Validation Of The Violence Sensitivity Scale, Jonathan Corey
A Concurrent Validation Of The Violence Sensitivity Scale, Jonathan Corey
Open Access Dissertations
A correlational concurrent validity study of the Violence Sensitivity Scale (VSS) was conducted in which respondents (N=169) also completed the Nonviolence Test (NVT), the Attitudes Toward Violence Scale (ATVS) and the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale (MCSD). The VSS was significantly positively correlated with the NVT and MCSD, and significantly negatively correlated with a transformed ATVS distribution. Principal Factors Analysis limited to four, factors assigned 23 of 38 VSS behaviors to the same factors as in a previous study. Multiple regression tests found the NVT and MCSD to be significant predictors of VSS and VSS subscale scores. Demographic variables were examined …
Coping With Everyday Classism: Experiences Of Low-Income People In A Southeastern Rural Community, Susan Faye Ritz
Coping With Everyday Classism: Experiences Of Low-Income People In A Southeastern Rural Community, Susan Faye Ritz
Open Access Dissertations
The present research provided an in-depth look at experiencing and coping with everyday classism in a sample of low-income people in a mid-size southeastern rural United States community. The study employed a qualitative methodology consisting of semi-structured interviews and analyzing the collected data using Grounded Theory Method. Of 50 participants selected for an interview, 40 described experiences with classism, each discussing two incidents, for a total of 80 incidents shared. Seven of the remaining 10 participants felt that they had not experienced classism, but at the same time, they provided insight into one proactive coping strategy that they appeared to …
The Relationship Between Self-Efficacy And Decisional Balance For Stress Management And Exercise Behavior In An Adolescent Population: A Cross-Lagged Panel Analysis, Catherine Stephan
The Relationship Between Self-Efficacy And Decisional Balance For Stress Management And Exercise Behavior In An Adolescent Population: A Cross-Lagged Panel Analysis, Catherine Stephan
Open Access Dissertations
In the world of increasing levels of stress and declining rates of exercise in today's youth, the development of effective intervention strategies for stress management and exercise behavior is crucial for the promotion of healthy physical and mental health lifestyles in adolescent populations. Utilizing Grant's Model of Adolescent Psychopathology and key theoretical constructs from the Transtheoretical Model of Change (TTM), this study examined the relationship between self-efficacy and decisional balance measures within and across two target behaviors (stress management, exercise). The current study included 996 high school students from the state of Rhode Island who participated in a larger four-year, …
Classroom-Based Empathy Training: An Evaluation Of Program Effects In An Elementary School, Kimberly Sherman
Classroom-Based Empathy Training: An Evaluation Of Program Effects In An Elementary School, Kimberly Sherman
Open Access Dissertations
Universal classroom-based social skills and violence prevention training is currently a topic of widespread interest. Although there is a growing body of empirical support for some existing social skills programs, less is known about contributions of specific program components to intervention outcomes. Empathy training is one common component of social skills curricula that has been subject to relatively little research. The current study is a single-school quasi-experimental investigation of Second Step empathy training effects on 57 first- and fourth-graders. Dependent variables included self-reported empathy, teacher-reported social skills, teacher-reported problem behaviors, and fourth-graders' self-reported social skills. The study also explored teachers' …
Coping With Everyday Classism: Exeriences Of Low-Income People In A Southeastern Rural Community, Susan Faye Ritz
Coping With Everyday Classism: Exeriences Of Low-Income People In A Southeastern Rural Community, Susan Faye Ritz
Open Access Dissertations
The present research provided an in-depth look at experiencing and coping with everyday classism in a sample of low-income. people in a mid-size southeastern rural United States community. The study employed a qualitative methodology consisting of semi-structured interviews and analyzing the collected data using Grounded Theory Method. Of 50 participants selected for an interview, 40 described experiences with classism, each discussing two incidents, for a total of 80 incidents shared. Seven of the remaining 10 participants felt that they had not experienced class ism, but at the same time, they provided insight into one proactive coping strategy that they appeared …
School Psychologists' Readiness To Implement Response To Intervention Practices, Christina Kilgallen
School Psychologists' Readiness To Implement Response To Intervention Practices, Christina Kilgallen
Open Access Dissertations
This study uses a theoretical framework, the Transtheoretical Model (TTM), to explore school psychologists' readiness to implement Response to Intervention. Measures related to school psychologists' decision making process about implementing RTI were developed based on the TTM. The measures included Stage of Change (readiness to implement RTI), Decisional Balance (pros and cons of implementing RTI), and Situational Self-Efficacy (Confidence to implement RTI). A previously developed Reading Research Knowledge scale was also included. Information was gathered about training and practice as well. Two hundred fifty-six school psychologists completed the survey. Results indicated that school psychologists implementing RTI were more confident about …
Beyond Gender: Taking A Multi-Status Approach To Understanding Students' Positioning In Stem, Ashima Singh
Beyond Gender: Taking A Multi-Status Approach To Understanding Students' Positioning In Stem, Ashima Singh
Open Access Dissertations
Although data indicate that White women and persons of color are both vulnerable to selective attrition in the science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) pipeline, gender has been the primary focus of most research in that area. This implies that: (1) intersections of multiple marginalization (e.g. women of color) within STEM is understudied, and (2) there is a need for a multifaceted understanding (encompassing perceptual, experiential, motivational and social characteristics) of students' perceptions of, and participation in, the STEM disciplines. In this research project, a multi-status, cross-disciplinary survey methodology was used to identify the ways in which undergraduate students perceived, …
Trust Establishment In Computer Networks: Theories And Applications, Yafei Yang
Trust Establishment In Computer Networks: Theories And Applications, Yafei Yang
Open Access Dissertations
Trust, a subject extensively studied in sociology and psychology, has long been known as the driving force for collaboration in social communities. Recently, trust is recognized as a key component in new security tools to defend computer networks, such as rating systems in e-commerce networks, peer-to-peer networks, mobile ad hoc networks, and wireless sensor networks. This dissertation focuses on trust establishment framework, theoretical analysis, and trust-based security solutions in different computer networks. It provides in-depth understanding on trust establishment process and its potential vulnerabilities. It also provides effective, light-weight solutions to critical security problems in rating systems, online reputation systems, …
Consumer Ubiquity Or Anytime Anywhere Consumption: Scale Development And Validation, Syagnik Banerjee
Consumer Ubiquity Or Anytime Anywhere Consumption: Scale Development And Validation, Syagnik Banerjee
Open Access Dissertations
The research objective of this dissertation is to develop and validate a scale measure of consumer ubiquity that indicates the individuals' propensity to shop online "anytime, anywhere" given a wireless, internet-based ubiquitous marketplace. Through a focus group, two surveys and a set of experiments we generate items, construct and validate a ten-item three-dimension scale and apply it for segmentation and targeting with different mobile advertising strategies. The scale demonstrates sufficient validity as a predictor of proactive mobile shopping behavior, but its applications in terms of segmentation and targeting for mobile advertising are more complex. Though the more ubiquitous consumers show …
Involuntary Switching Behavior In Restricted Decision Environments: Consumer Responses To Stockouts, Timucin Ozcan
Involuntary Switching Behavior In Restricted Decision Environments: Consumer Responses To Stockouts, Timucin Ozcan
Open Access Dissertations
Studies indicate that at least 8% of supermarket items in the US are out-of-stock at any point in time, resulting in annual lost sales of over seven billion dollars. Given the salience of stock-outs, this dissertation examines how consumers make choices when their most preferred alternative is unavailable. This dissertation proposes that when consumers experience a stock-out and make a substitution decision, they would tend to choose the alternatives that are superior on hedonic dimensions. The theoretical arguments for this proposition derive from the literatures on affective-cognitive model of consumer decision making, mood as a repair mechanism, and justification effects. …
The Effect Of Teacher Attitudes On Response To Professional Development In Literacy, Tara J. Smith
The Effect Of Teacher Attitudes On Response To Professional Development In Literacy, Tara J. Smith
Open Access Dissertations
The study examined the association of attitudes with gains in knowledge for teachers who participated in a professional development project on literacy. First-grade teachers from 38 schools participated. The schools were randomly assigned to one of two conditions, with all teachers within a school assigned to the same condition. Each group received a two-day summer workshop prior to participating, followed by monthly workshops throughout the school year. The first cohort, the In-Class Mentor group, received additional weekly in-class support from mentors and participated for two years. The second cohort, the Regular Mentor group, did not receive extra support and only …
Induction Of Classifiers From Multi-Labeled Examples: An Information-Retrieval Point Of View, Kanoksri Sarinnapakorn
Induction Of Classifiers From Multi-Labeled Examples: An Information-Retrieval Point Of View, Kanoksri Sarinnapakorn
Open Access Dissertations
An important task of information retrieval is to induce classifiers capable of categorizing text documents. The fact that the same document can simultaneously belong to two or more categories is referred by the term multi-label classification (or categorization). Domains of this kind have been encountered in diverse fields even outside information retrieval. This dissertation discusses one challenging aspect of text categorization: the documents (i.e., training examples) are characterized by an extremely large number of features. As a result, many existing machine learning techniques are in such domains prohibitively expensive. This dissertation seeks to reduce these costs significantly. The proposed scheme …
Development Of A Delivery System And Optical-Thermal Model For Laser Interstitial Thermotherapy Of Breast Tumors, Nelson Salas
Development Of A Delivery System And Optical-Thermal Model For Laser Interstitial Thermotherapy Of Breast Tumors, Nelson Salas
Open Access Dissertations
The purpose of this project was to develop a delivery system optimized for laser interstitial thermotherapy of small tumors of the breast. The proposed approach is to combine laser interstitial thermotherapy with stereotactic imaging for fiber guidance and treatment monitoring. The goals of the dissertation were to design a fiber insertion system for cylindrical diffusing tip optical fibers and to derive optimal laser parameters for coagulation of 1 cm tumor plus a surrounding 1 cm thick rim of healthy tissue. A fiber insertion system compatible with a high resolution stereotactic digital X-ray biopsy system was designed to guide the fiber …
Risk For Exercise Addiction: A Comparison Of Triathletes Training For Sprint-, Olympic-, Half-Ironman-, And Ironman-Distance Triathlons, Jason D. Youngman
Risk For Exercise Addiction: A Comparison Of Triathletes Training For Sprint-, Olympic-, Half-Ironman-, And Ironman-Distance Triathlons, Jason D. Youngman
Open Access Dissertations
Whereas clinical professionals and the general public recognize exercise in moderate amounts as an important component of a healthy lifestyle, researchers have noted that when taken to an excessive level, exercise may become addictive. Usually considered rare in the broad exercising population, risk for exercise addiction has been found to be more prominent among certain specialized groups, such as runners. This study investigated the risk for exercise addiction in a unique group of endurance athletes-Sprint-, Olympic-, Half-Ironman, and Ironman-distance triathletes. The sample consisted of 1285 male and female triathletes, ranging in age from 18 to 70 years old, recruited through …
Cognitive Functioning, Immune Functioning, And Disease Progression In Perinatally Infected Hiv+ School-Aged Children On Highly Active Anti Retroviral Therapy, Erin Theresa O'Callaghan
Cognitive Functioning, Immune Functioning, And Disease Progression In Perinatally Infected Hiv+ School-Aged Children On Highly Active Anti Retroviral Therapy, Erin Theresa O'Callaghan
Open Access Dissertations
This study is one of the only investigations to examine the complex inter-relationships between immune status, cognitive functioning, and disease progression in school-aged, perinatally infected, HIV+ children on HAART over time and is the first to conduct long-term follow-up assessments beyond one year after initiating HAART. Previous research has shown that HIV+ children on HAART show stability in cognitive functioning for up to one year. The current study investigated cognitive functioning, as measured by the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children -III, as a function of immune functioning and disease progression over time in this sample. Overall, results showed that PIQ …
The Dose-Response Of Maternal Exercise Volume On Newborn And Placental Outcomes, Melisa A. Mena
The Dose-Response Of Maternal Exercise Volume On Newborn And Placental Outcomes, Melisa A. Mena
Open Access Dissertations
Current ACOG guidelines recommend exercise during a low-risk pregnancy for 30 minutes on most, if not all days of the week. However, little is known about how the volume of exercise performed during pregnancy affects fetoplacental size. In addition, the confounding effects of maternal nutrient intake and weight gain, and how they interact with exercise volume to influence fetoplacental size have not been appropriately addressed. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the effects of varying maternal exercise volumes on neonatal birthweight and placental volume, while addressing the influence of maternal nutrient intake and weight gain. Subjects evaluated …
Worldview Construction: International Relations Concepts Embedded In Elementary Social Studies Textbooks, Louise Massey Strauss
Worldview Construction: International Relations Concepts Embedded In Elementary Social Studies Textbooks, Louise Massey Strauss
Open Access Dissertations
Early civic education is crucial for worldview formation compatible with living in an increasingly interdependent world. In U.S. public schools, social studies is the locus of civic education. Social studies textbooks are the container of civic subject matter and teachers are its transmitters. Traditionally, civic education has been linked with national identity creation. In this study, educators are challenged to stimulate a complementary cosmopolitan identity because of social, political, and economic globalization trends and transition to an Information (and instant communication) Age. Using the social constructivist perspective, a content analysis model was developed for multi-state study of elementary social studies …
Predicting Student Perceptions Of School Connectedness: The Contributions Of Parent Attachment And Peer Attachment, Jennifer Anne Dixon
Predicting Student Perceptions Of School Connectedness: The Contributions Of Parent Attachment And Peer Attachment, Jennifer Anne Dixon
Open Access Dissertations
This study explored the relationship between attachment quality and school connectedness in a high school sample of adolescents. Although there is a literature related to adolescent attachment quality and its effects on adjustment and development, relatively little attention has been paid to the relationship between parent and peer attachment and school connectedness. Further, these attachments and connections have yet to be examined among general and special education populations. Attachment quality has been correlated with identity development, self-esteem, competence, and psychopathology and has been investigated as a mediator in the relation between risk and resilience. School connectedness centers around the theory …
The Effect Of "Developmental Speech-Language Training Through Music" On Speech Production In Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders, Hayoung Audrey Lim
The Effect Of "Developmental Speech-Language Training Through Music" On Speech Production In Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders, Hayoung Audrey Lim
Open Access Dissertations
Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders demonstrate deficits in speech and language, with the most outstanding speech impairments being in comprehension, semantics, prosody, and pragmatics. Perception and production of music and speech in children with ASD appear to follow the same principles of Gestalt pattern perceptual organization. In addition, common neuroanatomical structures and similar patterns of cortical activation mediate the perception and production of speech and music. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore how the perception of musical stimuli would impact the perception and production of speech and language in children with ASD. The study examined the effect …