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Profiles Of Classroom Engagement In Head Start Children: Associations With Academic Readiness, Tracy Michele Carter
Profiles Of Classroom Engagement In Head Start Children: Associations With Academic Readiness, Tracy Michele Carter
Open Access Dissertations
Head Start has the strategic opportunity to address the school readiness needs of children from low-income families and to narrow the national achievement gap. Research suggests that targeting domain-general skills during preschool is effective in increasing readiness across multiple domains. Children’s classroom engagement, or how children interact with teachers, peers and tasks in the classroom, is recognized as one such malleable and domain-general skill serving a critical foundation to supporting academic development. However, children enter the classroom with unique sets (or profiles) of competencies and needs in their ability to engage successfully in the classroom. Research is needed to examine …
The Processing Of Formulaic Language On Elicited Imitation Tasks By Second Language Speakers, Yan Xun
The Processing Of Formulaic Language On Elicited Imitation Tasks By Second Language Speakers, Yan Xun
Open Access Dissertations
The present study investigated the processing of formulaic language, in an effort to examine how the use of formulaic language may or may not contribute to second language (L2) fluency in speaking performance. To examine the effect of formulaic language on L2 fluency, this study utilized elicited imitation (EI) tasks designed to measure general English language proficiency in order to compare repetition of individual sentences containing formulaic sequences (FS) to repetition of sentences that do not. In addition to the presence of FS, the length of stimuli sentences was manipulated and compared to a second independent variable. Responses to EI …
Elementary Preservice Teachers' Beliefs About Teacher Effectiveness, Mauricio A Herron Gloria
Elementary Preservice Teachers' Beliefs About Teacher Effectiveness, Mauricio A Herron Gloria
Open Access Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to explore elementary preservice teachers' beliefs about effective classroom instruction and the characteristics and behaviors of effective teachers, and to examine how these beliefs may vary across teacher education. Participants were 24 students enrolled in a teacher education program at a large mid-west university in the United States. Data were collected using an intensive interview protocol consisting of semi-structured questions, and analyzed using grounded theory strategies (Charmaz, 2006, 2012). Using a constructive/interpretive framework (Lincoln & Guba, 2013), the analysis of the data indicated that participants' beliefs about teacher effectiveness dwell around 12 overreaching categories; …
An Acoustic And Perceptual Analysis Of Vowels Preceding Final /-S/ Deletion In The Speech Of Granada, Spain And Cartagena, Colombia, Miguel Angel Rincon Perez
An Acoustic And Perceptual Analysis Of Vowels Preceding Final /-S/ Deletion In The Speech Of Granada, Spain And Cartagena, Colombia, Miguel Angel Rincon Perez
Open Access Dissertations
The objective of this dissertation is to explore the phenomenon ofdesdoblamiento vocálico or tense-lax vowel alternation in eastern Andalusian Spanish, particularly, in Granada Spanish and in the Spanish of Cartagena, Colombia. In previous studies of Eastern Andalusian Spanish (Navarro Tomás, 1939; Alonso et al., 1950; Mondéjar, 1970; Salvador, 1964, 1977) it has been claimed that in this variety of Spanish, vowels preceding deletion of post-nuclear /s/ undergo an open-closed vowel alternation. As a result, this vocalic alternation may serve as a functional marker distinguishing singular from plural in nouns and person-number in certain verbal forms rendered homophonous by the …
How Do Moroccan Teachers Conceptualize Citizenship?, Tarik Saadi
How Do Moroccan Teachers Conceptualize Citizenship?, Tarik Saadi
Open Access Dissertations
Citizenship education plays a critical role in the development of civic attitudes and contributes to the appropriate delivery of a government's policy. However, there is a discrepancy in the literature in defining the meaning and understanding of citizenship concepts. This study is primarily qualitative in nature, using the method of phenomengraphy to investigate teachers' perceptions of citizenship in Morocco. The study recruited six elementary and secondary teachers from Casablanca and Rabat in Morocco to identify their understanding of citizenship. I adapted the three-phase interview approach proposed by Irving Seidman (1998) to frame the interviews with the teachers. The findings demonstrated …
Understanding How Adults Approach Technological Challenges: A Sequential Mixed Methods Research, Mariana Tafur Arciniegas
Understanding How Adults Approach Technological Challenges: A Sequential Mixed Methods Research, Mariana Tafur Arciniegas
Open Access Dissertations
People from all backgrounds engage with technology in their everyday lives. There is, however, a gap in the public's understanding of technology and limited research on how engineers and non-engineers approach technological challenges. Prior studies have focused on the public's understanding of technology but limited research has been conducted on how people deal with technological challenges as part of their everyday lives. Studying how individuals with non-STEM backgrounds engage with technology will contribute a more comprehensive understanding of strategies for closing the technological literacy gap. Taking into account that technology developments rapidly occur, lifelong learning skills are another critical dimension …
Metacognitive Instruction In L2 French: An Analysis Of Listening Performance And Automaticity, Shannon Becker
Metacognitive Instruction In L2 French: An Analysis Of Listening Performance And Automaticity, Shannon Becker
Open Access Dissertations
The goal of the present study was to investigate the instructional potential of metacognitive strategies to improve listening comprehension and the automaticity of listening processes. Metacognition can be described as focusing attention on the cognitive processes one is currently using. In the classroom, metacognitive listening instruction means guiding learners in applying metacognition to learning by monitoring the mental strategies they use while listening, evaluating the relative success of these strategies, and planning for future listening experiences. I argue that providing students with these tools to monitor and regulate the perceptual and cognitive processes involved in listening contributes significantly to building …
Language, Writing, And Social (Inter)Action: An Analysis Of Text-Based Chats In Macedonian And English, Mira Bekar
Language, Writing, And Social (Inter)Action: An Analysis Of Text-Based Chats In Macedonian And English, Mira Bekar
Open Access Dissertations
The purpose of this study is to investigate the text-based chatting practices of a particular community of native Macedonian speakers who chat both in Macedonian and in English (as their foreign language). Much research in computer-mediated communication (CMC) over the last decade has been done in English as L1. Some of the few studies which explored CMC cross-linguistically include the comparison of French vs. English (Werry, 1996), Japanese vs. English (Nishimura, 2003b), Spanish vs. English (del-Teso-Craviotto, 2006), Serbian vs. English (Radic, 2007) and Turkish vs. English (Savas, 2010). In these studies, a number of different language features (e.g., orthography, code …
Difficulty As A Concept Inventory Design Consideration: An Exploratory Study Of The Concept Assessment Tool For Statics (Cats), Dana L. Denick
Difficulty As A Concept Inventory Design Consideration: An Exploratory Study Of The Concept Assessment Tool For Statics (Cats), Dana L. Denick
Open Access Dissertations
The ability for engineering students to apply mathematic, scientific and engineering knowledge to real-life problems depends greatly on developing deep conceptual knowledge that structures and relates the meaning of underlying principles. Concept inventories have emerged as a class of tests typically developed for use in higher education science and engineering courses. Concept Inventories (CIs) are multiple-choice tests that are designed to assess students' conceptual understanding within a specific content domain. For example, the CI explored within this study, the Concept Assessment Tool for Statics (CATS) is intended to measure students' understanding of the concepts underlying the domain of engineering statics. …
Negotiated Interaction In The Learning Of Written Discourse Conventions, Brian A Guthrie
Negotiated Interaction In The Learning Of Written Discourse Conventions, Brian A Guthrie
Open Access Dissertations
This study examines how two Japanese students learning to write in English negotiate the variations in written discourse conventions they encounter in an all-English program at a university in Japan. Textbooks, samples of the students' essays, and written feedback from instructors were analyzed, and interviews were conducted with the students in order to demonstrate the varieties of descriptions and interpretations of written academic introductions the students encountered in their first year of study at the university. Using an approach to learning that draws from ecological theories of composition, alternative approaches to second language acquisition, and actor-network theory, the students' academic …
Permeable Boundaries: Globalizing Form In Contemporary American And British Literature, Nancy Caronia
Permeable Boundaries: Globalizing Form In Contemporary American And British Literature, Nancy Caronia
Open Access Dissertations
Efforts to define globalization often are delimited by concrete articulations focused on and about the economic and political processes within a global sphere. These processes dominate global studies in economics, feminism, history, law, sociology, and literature. “Permeable Boundaries: Globalizing Form in Contemporary American and British Literature” is an interdisciplinary literary study that explores how gender, racial, and ethnic categories are connected not through economic models, but through the subjective processes of agency, self-identity, and narrative making. These discrete processes of consciousness expand how globalization is imagined through the human condition. Engaging with American and British texts focused on the global …
Relativism, Disagreement, And Assertion, Micah C. Dugas
Relativism, Disagreement, And Assertion, Micah C. Dugas
Open Access Dissertations
In this dissertation, I examine the work of several recent relativists with regard to the matters of disagreement and assertion. While I focus on the work of contemporary relativists such as Steven Hales, Max Kölbel, and John MacFarlane, I think the conclusions I reach are largely generalizable to any relativistic thesis that allows the possibility that both parties to a dispute are correct or justified in holding contradictory beliefs or in making contradictory assertions. I aim to show that relativism undermines our straightforward sense of disagreement, and further, that the view cannot plausibly be reconciled with various norms of assertion …
English Language Learning Kindergartners' Dynamic Responses To Picturebook Reading, Jiyoung Yi
English Language Learning Kindergartners' Dynamic Responses To Picturebook Reading, Jiyoung Yi
Open Access Dissertations
This study explores the nature of English language learning by kindergartners as they engage in multimodal literacy practices in response to picturebook readings in a mainstream classroom. Three focal Spanish-speaking kindergartners and their classroom teacher took part in this study. Data were collected daily for four months in a half-day morning kindergarten program. The participants' verbal and nonverbal classroom interactions during picturebook readings were coded and analyzed to characterize the nature of ELL kindergartners' multimodal responses to picturebook readings. Findings indicate that the classroom instruction did not fully address the differences in the focal children's levels of English language proficiency. …
The Use Of Oral History And Narrative Research In Broadening The Historical Foundation Of The Agricultural Communication Field, Natalie L Federer
The Use Of Oral History And Narrative Research In Broadening The Historical Foundation Of The Agricultural Communication Field, Natalie L Federer
Open Access Dissertations
The historical foundation of the agricultural communication community (consisting of both academics and the profession) is shallow and void of humanistic perspective, and there is a minimal amount of historical content that focuses on academic and professional history. The need to explore and interpret historical dimensions of this field is vital to further development of the discipline as an academic and professional field. Oral history was utilized to capture and preserve the interview content from a small sample of agricultural communication and Extension professionals and faculty while narrative research, interpretative theory, and constructivism were utilized to further understand and interpret …
Calculus For Decision Systems, Jorge Antonio Samayoa Ranero
Calculus For Decision Systems, Jorge Antonio Samayoa Ranero
Open Access Dissertations
The conceptualization of the term "system" has become highly dependent on the application domain. What a physicist means by the term system might be different than what a sociologist means by the same term. In 1956, Bertalanffy [1] defined a system as " a set of units with relationships among them". This and many other definitions of system share the idea of a system as a black box that has parts or elements interacting between each other. This means that at some level of abstraction all systems are similar, what eventually differentiates one system from another is the set of …
Childhood Maltreatment And Its Impact On Executive Skills Within An Inpatient Setting, Jennifer Ann Dupont Frechette
Childhood Maltreatment And Its Impact On Executive Skills Within An Inpatient Setting, Jennifer Ann Dupont Frechette
Open Access Dissertations
Previous research has shown that child maltreatment can negatively impact brain development and neurocognitive systems for children, adolescents, and adults. However there are no published studies that have sought to understand the role of child maltreatment with psychiatrically hospitalized children. Psychiatrically hospitalized children are considered a high-risk population due to increased suicidality, internalizing disorders, and lower cognitive functioning. The current study examined a hierarchical and cumulative model of maltreatment with inpatient children (ages 6-14 years old) who had been maltreated (n=111) to understand its impact on executive functioning skills, compared with a psychiatric outpatient sample (n=166). …
The Effects Of Online Katakana Word Recognition Training Among Novice Learners Of Japanese As A Foreign Language, Yumiko Tashiro
The Effects Of Online Katakana Word Recognition Training Among Novice Learners Of Japanese As A Foreign Language, Yumiko Tashiro
Open Access Dissertations
Because word recognition processes differ depending on orthographic systems, second language learners with different orthographic backgrounds need to acquire new word recognition strategies suitable to the orthography in their second language. Japanese is a multi-script language and one of the scripts, katakana, is mainly used to transcribe Western loanwords. Due to the sound alternations resulting from the process of borrowing, learners of Japanese often experience difficulties in reading and writing katakana loanwords. Thus, this study investigates the effectiveness of online katakana word recognition training among novice learners of Japanese. Thirty-one students from a first-semester Japanese course at a large research …
Synthetic Steganography: Methods For Generating And Detecting Covert Channels In Generated Media, Philip Carson Ritchey
Synthetic Steganography: Methods For Generating And Detecting Covert Channels In Generated Media, Philip Carson Ritchey
Open Access Dissertations
Issues of privacy in communication are becoming increasingly important. For many people and businesses, the use of strong cryptographic protocols is sufficient to protect their communications. However, the overt use of strong cryptography may be prohibited or individual entities may be prohibited from communicating directly. In these cases, a secure alternative to the overt use of strong cryptography is required. One promising alternative is to hide the use of cryptography by transforming ciphertext into innocuous-seeming messages to be transmitted in the clear. ^ In this dissertation, we consider the problem of synthetic steganography: generating and detecting covert channels in generated …
Aptitude In L2 And L3 Learners Of German, Katharina Neema Kipp
Aptitude In L2 And L3 Learners Of German, Katharina Neema Kipp
Open Access Dissertations
This study aims at contributing to the notoriously under-researched field of
Second Language Writing Instructor Written Feedback Practices In An Esl Freshman Composition Class: A Complexity Theory Perspective, Masakazu Mishima
Second Language Writing Instructor Written Feedback Practices In An Esl Freshman Composition Class: A Complexity Theory Perspective, Masakazu Mishima
Open Access Dissertations
This case study investigated second language writing instructors’ written feedback practices from a complexity theory perspective. The purpose of the research was to explore and examine contextual factors and their impact on instructor written feedback practices. Data were collected from two ESL writing instructors and two ESL writers through surveys, interviews, and classroom observations. Based on the results, a complexity theory-based model of second language writing instructor written feedback practices was developed to represent the complexity of written feedback practice situated in the specific instructional context. The findings suggest that the instructors were under constant influence of five different contextual …
The Depth And Complexity Program Evaluation Tool: A New Method For Conducting Internal Evaluations Of Gifted Education Programs, Jason Scott Mcintosh
The Depth And Complexity Program Evaluation Tool: A New Method For Conducting Internal Evaluations Of Gifted Education Programs, Jason Scott Mcintosh
Open Access Dissertations
Few program evaluation models unique to gifted education currently exist. The Depth and Complexity Program Evaluation Tool (DC-PET) is a new method for conducting an evaluation of a gifted program that combines the Kaplan Depth and Complexity Model with tools and techniques from the fields of program evaluation and organizational change. The tool was designed to assist local school district personnel in generating data for gifted program improvement by requiring a close examination of critical issues in the field (e.g., defensible differentiation, underserved populations, twice-exceptional learners). The DC-PET is meant to provide a framework for guiding those who have little …
Spanish-Speaking Immigrants In A U.S. Midwestern Community: An Exploration Of Attitudes Towards Spanish, Spanish In The U.S., Language Maintenance, And Bilingualism, Mara Raquel Barbosa
Spanish-Speaking Immigrants In A U.S. Midwestern Community: An Exploration Of Attitudes Towards Spanish, Spanish In The U.S., Language Maintenance, And Bilingualism, Mara Raquel Barbosa
Open Access Dissertations
This study investigated Spanish-speaking immigrants’ attitudes towards Spanish, which includes the evaluative reactions that people have towards the language. One hundred participants living in three different cities in Indiana completed a background questionnaire, a language attitudes questionnaire, and a one-on-one interview about their attitudes towards Spanish. It is imperative to know about Spanish-speaking populations’ attitudes in states with lower numbers of Spanish-speaking immigrants like Indiana, because this knowledge helps to influence and make predictions about that language’s maintenance and shift in the community (Luo & Wiseman, 2000; Rivera-Mills, 2000); it guides language policy and planning and promotes language awareness (Pennycook, …
Exploring The Constitutive And Social Processes Of Ethics In Multidisciplinary Engineering Design Teams, Megan Kenny Feister
Exploring The Constitutive And Social Processes Of Ethics In Multidisciplinary Engineering Design Teams, Megan Kenny Feister
Open Access Dissertations
This study seeks to examine the communicative constitution of ethics in team-based design projects in an engineering education context. Engineering and design work involve complex social processes and ethical decision-making activities and collaboration (Bucciarelli, 2010). The understanding and development of ethics in future engineers is a primary concern for engineering educators, students, and the governing bodies that oversee this field (ABET, 2013; NAE, 2012). Specifically, given the highly fluid and subjective nature of ethics and the complications of the team-based context, challenges arise about how to move beyond codes and standards that are intended to guide ethical conduct (ASEE, 2012; …
The Relationship Between Acoustic Features Of Second Language Speech And Listener Evaluation Of Speech Quality, Mengxi Lin
Open Access Dissertations
Second language (L2) speech is typically less fluent than native speech, and differs from it phonetically. While the speech of some L2 English speakers seems to be easily understood by native listeners despite the presence of a foreign accent, other L2 speech seems to be more demanding, such that listeners must expend considerable effort in order to understand it. One reason for this increased difficulty may simply be the speaker’s pronunciation accuracy or phonetic intelligibility. If a L2 speaker’s pronunciations of English sounds differ sufficiently from the sounds that native listeners expect, these differences may force native listeners to work …
Using Deception To Enhance Security: A Taxonomy, Model, And Novel Uses, Mohammed H. Almeshekah
Using Deception To Enhance Security: A Taxonomy, Model, And Novel Uses, Mohammed H. Almeshekah
Open Access Dissertations
As the convergence between our physical and digital worlds continue at a rapid pace, securing our digital information is vital to our prosperity. Most current typical computer systems are unwittingly helpful to attackers through their predictable responses. In everyday security, deception plays a prominent role in our lives and digital security is no different. The use of deception has been a cornerstone technique in many successful computer breaches. Phishing, social engineering, and drive-by-downloads are some prime examples. The work in this dissertation is structured to enhance the security of computer systems by using means of deception and deceit.
Homecoming Festivals: The Re-Accentuated Image Of Don Quixote In Western Novel, Tatevik Gyulamiryan
Homecoming Festivals: The Re-Accentuated Image Of Don Quixote In Western Novel, Tatevik Gyulamiryan
Open Access Dissertations
The publication of Don Quixote (1605, 1615) impacted significantly the dynamics of Western literature. The renowned novel, which builds upon a considerable number of characters and episodes, is considered one of the most read and most analyzed pieces of literature in the world. This novel opens a wide platform for socio-political criticism, religious and cultural discussions, and literary analyses. For these reasons, critics read and study, and writers mention and imitate Cervantes’ novel up until today. A multitude of significant novels written by a variety of eminent authors share characteristics with Don Quixote, and thus become “quixotic.”
Classroom Discourse Of Elementary English Language Learners’ Writing Instruction In A Midwestern School, Marshall D. Klassen
Classroom Discourse Of Elementary English Language Learners’ Writing Instruction In A Midwestern School, Marshall D. Klassen
Open Access Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to investigate the discourse of English Language Learners’ writing instruction in a third and fifth grade classroom. Indiana has experienced great growth in the population of English Language Learners (ELLs) in the past ten years, with this school district sharing a similar trend with an increase of the number of ELLs in this schools’ population. This research took place in two classrooms with a high percentage of ELLs, utilizing a case study approach with teachers’ classroom discourse being analyzed through both a qualitative analysis and a Systemic Functional Linguistics discourse analysis. The findings of …
Effects Of Collaboration And Isomorphic Models On Transfer: An L2 Writing Investigation, Dennis Mitchell Koyama
Effects Of Collaboration And Isomorphic Models On Transfer: An L2 Writing Investigation, Dennis Mitchell Koyama
Open Access Dissertations
How can feedback become a productive resource for students? Much of the research investigating the role of feedback in second language (L2) writing has set out to find an answer to this question. Based on the principle that feedback is given to students as a means of providing useful information to improve their writing (Bitchener, 2008, 2009; Hanaoka & Izumi, 2012), the discussion on feedback includes the idea that learners will transfer knowledge from feedback to improve subsequent writing (Hyland, 1998; Storch & Wigglesworth, 2010). When learners apply feedback to their subsequent writing, they are using collected knowledge, which is …
Exploring Perceived Communicative Competence In Upper-Level L1 And L2 Interactions In Higher Education, Heejung Kwon
Exploring Perceived Communicative Competence In Upper-Level L1 And L2 Interactions In Higher Education, Heejung Kwon
Open Access Dissertations
The present study explores how university-level second language learners of English prepare themselves for professional worlds in English-speaking environments in a North American context. I specifically look at how upper-level L2 students (second language learners) identify their needs and negotiate miscommunications and preconceived notions of L2 learners in various communicative events in the process of developing communicative competence (Canale & Swain, 1980; Hymes, 1972) and planning for their future careers. I also investigate how L1 English speakers (native speakers of English) form perceptions of L2 English speakers and negotiate miscommunications and misunderstandings while engaging in collaborative projects. Using ethnographic approaches …
Incorporating Interactive Electronic Storybooks Into Shared Reading Programs By Kindergarten Teachers: A Multiple Case Study, Sha Yang
Open Access Dissertations
This qualitative study investigated how two kindergarten teachers used interactive electronic storybooks (referred to as e-storybooks) for shared reading, as well as their attitudes towards adopting this tool as a resource for shared reading. The research inquiry was guided by three research questions: 1) What instructional strategies did the kindergarten teachers employ to try to achieve pedagogical effectiveness of the e-storybooks for shared reading programs? 2) What problems did the kindergarten teachers encounter in utilizing the e-storybooks for shared reading programs, and how did they try to overcome them? 3) What were the kindergarten teachers’ attitudes towards adopting e-storybooks as …