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Articles 9841 - 9870 of 12806
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Reorganization Without Consent Of Creditors - Section 77b (B) (5)
Reorganization Without Consent Of Creditors - Section 77b (B) (5)
Michigan Law Review
On May 15, 1936, the Circuit Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit denied a petition for leave to appeal from an order confirming a plan of reorganization under Section 77B of the Bankruptcy Act in the case of In re Garfield Arms Hotel Building Corporation. The property of the debtor, consisting of a furnished hotel building, was encumbered by a first mortgage bond issue of $254,500 with interest at six and one-half per cent in default since October 16, 1929. There was a second mortgage of $50,000 and accrued interest as well as approximately $22,000 in judgments against …
Taxation-Federal Estate Tax-Inclusion Of Proceeds Of Insurance Policies In The Gross Estate
Taxation-Federal Estate Tax-Inclusion Of Proceeds Of Insurance Policies In The Gross Estate
Michigan Law Review
It was only natural that the framers of our revenue acts, always on the lookout for new sources of revenue, should have turned their attention to the proceeds of insurance policies when they were dealing with the subject of death duties. It was natural for two reasons: first, the purchase of an insurance policy is nearly always prompted by some vague contemplation of death, and the receipt of the proceeds from a policy is intimately connected with death, in view of the fact that death normally is the event that brings about the maturity of the policy; and second, if …
Constitutional Law - Franchise Tax - Burden Upon Interstate And Foreign Commerce - Due Process - Equal Protection Of The Laws
Michigan Law Review
The state of California adopted a franchise tax which was based upon the corporations' net income apportioned according to "that portion which is derived from business done within the State." When this was construed to include not merely the income from intrastate business alone, but rather the income from both this and from all interstate and foreign business attributable to California, its enforcement was resisted upon the grounds that (1) so construed it was repugnant to the commerce clause upon the theory that it burdened interstate and foreign commerce, (2) it violated the due process clause upon the theory that …
Constitutional Law - Interstate Commerce - State Occupation Tax On Operation Of Radio Broadcasting Station
Michigan Law Review
A domestic corporation, owning and operating two radio stations, both broadcasting well beyond the state's borders, sought to enjoin the enforcement of an annual occupation tax equal to one per cent of gross income from business within the state. It was admitted that while a state might impose a property tax on a business engaged only in interstate commerce or a tax solely to support regulation in the exercise of the state's police power, an unapportioned gross income tax on a business engaged in intrastate and interstate commerce would be an unconstitutional burden on interstate commerce, although a net income …
Constitutional Law-Religion In The Public School
Constitutional Law-Religion In The Public School
Michigan Law Review
Plaintiff sued as a taxpayer to enjoin defendant from permitting the use of school buildings by organizations of pupils based on religious affiliations and from directing the reading of excerpts from the Bible in the public schools. Plaintiff contended that in so far as the Greater New York Charter impliedly authorized the use of the Bible for such purposes, it was unconstitutional. Held, the action of the school board was proper, and injunction denied. Lewis v. Board of Education of City of New York, (N. Y. Sup. Ct. 1935) 285 N. Y. S. 164.
Constitutional Law-Trade Regulation-Fair Trade Act
Constitutional Law-Trade Regulation-Fair Trade Act
Michigan Law Review
Plaintiff, owner of the exclusive right to sell certain popular trade-marked cosmetics in California, entered into a large number of contracts with wholesalers and retailers of that state, fixing the price at which those branded articles were to resell. Thereafter, pursuant to the provisions of the state Fair Trade Act, he brought suit to enjoin defendant, a retail druggist who had refused to make any such agreements and who, from sources unknown, had acquired such trade-marked articles, from reselling at less than the price stipulated in the contracts with others. A demurrer to the complaint was sustained, but on appeal …
Constitutional Law-Validity Of State Statute Forbidding Sale Of Prison-Made Goods Manufactured In Other States-Validity Of Federal Statute Permitting State Control Of Goods In Interstate Commerce
Michigan Law Review
Defendant was prosecuted in an Ohio court for selling in original packages goods shipped to him from an Alabama prison in which they were manufactured. The prosecution was under an Ohio statute prohibiting sale on the open market of goods, wares, or merchandise manufactured or mined wholly or in part in any other state by convicts or prisoners except those on parole or probation. Other Ohio statutes impose a like prohibition on the sale of convict-made goods manufactured in Ohio. The federal Hawes-Cooper Act provides that all goods, wares, and merchandise manufactured, produced, or mined wholly or in part by …
Corporations-Right Of Officers To Purchase Claims Against The Corporation And Enforce Them At Their Face Value
Michigan Law Review
Defendant was enlisted by one of the insolvent corporation's creditors, a holder of preferred stocks and debentures, to buy up landlord's claims against the corporation. These claims were large in number and amounts and were crucial elements in a successful reorganization. By means of the stock vote of the creditor, defendant was elected director of the corporation and remained as such for one month, though during this time he was not active in acquiring landlord's claims. Upon resignation as director, defendant was successful in buying up most of the landlord's claims, it being a fair inference from the facts that …
Future Interests-Remainder To A Class As A Vested Remainder
Future Interests-Remainder To A Class As A Vested Remainder
Michigan Law Review
Testator left to his daughter certain real estate "as her sole and separate property during her natural life and at her death to her children absolutely." One of the children mortgaged his interest in the remainder to plaintiff and died, the life tenant surviving him; and thereafter the plaintiff brought suit for foreclosure. Held, this was a remainder to uncertain persons which did not vest in anyone during the life of the life tenant; and therefore the mortgage was a nullity. Deener v. Watkins, 191 Ark. 776, 87 S. W. (2d) 994 (1935).
Municipal Corporations-Power Of Congress To Pass Act For Readjustment Of Municipal Debts
Municipal Corporations-Power Of Congress To Pass Act For Readjustment Of Municipal Debts
Michigan Law Review
In 1934, Congress amended the National Bankruptcy Act so as to authorize any municipality or other political subdivision of any state to effect a readjustment of its debts by proceedings in courts of bankruptcy. A water district in Texas petitioned the United States District Court asking for a readjustment of its obligations. After the dismissal of the proceedings in the District Court, but before the reversal of the decision by the Court of Appeals, the state legislature of Texas passed an act empowering municipalities and other political subdivisions to proceed under the federal statute. Held, that the municipal debt …
Public Utilities - Charging Companies With Expense Of Investigation - Constitutionality
Public Utilities - Charging Companies With Expense Of Investigation - Constitutionality
Michigan Law Review
A Washington statute provides that whenever the public service commission shall deem it necessary in the performance of its duties to make any investigation or valuation of a public service company, the public service company shall pay the expenses reasonably attributable thereto. The statute provides that the commission, after giving an opportunity to be heard, "shall render a bill therefor or for such part thereof as it may find necessary and reasonable." In an appeal by certain public service companies from an assessment made by the commission, held, the statute was unconstitutional because of denial of equal protection of …
Taxation - State Income Tax On Interstate Railway - Constitutionality
Taxation - State Income Tax On Interstate Railway - Constitutionality
Michigan Law Review
The plaintiff railway, doing local and interstate business, brought suit to recover payment made under a state net income tax measured by the difference between gross operating revenues for the whole business proportioned by the ratio of track mileage within and outside the state and operating expenses similarly proportioned. Held, such a formula for taxing the local income of a concern doing both intrastate and interstate business was not on its face invalid and the mere showing that the plaintiff's local costs were higher than the system average without also showing that intrastate revenues were not correspondingly greater did …
Taxation - State Occupation Tax On Intrastate Business Of Corporations Doing Both Intrastate And Interstate Business - Burden On Interstate Commerce
Michigan Law Review
The state of Washington imposed an occupation tax on practically all businesses within the state based on gross income from intrastate business. The Pacific Telephone and Telegraph Company sought to enjoin, and the state sued the Great Northern and the Northern Pacific Railway Companies for, the collection of this tax. Both the telephone company and the railways relied on the alleged rule of law that an occupation tax laid upon the local business of a foreign corporation engaged in both intrastate and interstate business is necessarily void unless the corporation is free in law and in fact to withdraw from …
Trade Marks - Extent Of User Essential To Right To Priority
Trade Marks - Extent Of User Essential To Right To Priority
Michigan Law Review
Two promoters conceived the idea of a corporation to manufacture beer, the beer to be labeled "Old South Brew." While the process of incorporation was proceeding the promoters arranged with the Eastern Beverage Corporation of New Jersey to make a beer labeled "Old South Brew," to be shipped, and which was shipped, only to customers of the promoters. The promoters then extensively advertised this product and the fact that the same beer was to be made by their own corporation. The corporation, known as the "Old South Brewing Co., Inc." was chartered, but to the date of trial had not …
Trusts - Restraints On Alienation - Ability Of A Divorced Wife To Reach The Corpus Of A Spendthrift Trust For Alimony Claim
Michigan Law Review
Testator placed the residue of his estate in trust, and, after making provision as to one-third of the principal and income for his widow, left the remaining two-thirds to his children, or their children by right of representation, the net annual income to be paid to them in convenient installments for twenty years after his death, the principal share of each to be transferred in four as nearly equal installments as possible at five-year intervals. By a codicil, executed after plaintiff, the wife of one of testator's sons, had announced her intention of securing a divorce, it was provided that …
Wills - Election To Take A Bequest Or Devise
Wills - Election To Take A Bequest Or Devise
Michigan Law Review
The testator made a bequest of $2,000 to the First Lutheran Church. This bequest was to be paid by the testator's sons, who were made residuary legatees on condition that they pay the $2,000. The sons asserted a constitutional provision that no man shall be compelled to erect, support or maintain any religious order against his consent as a defense to any payment required of them. Held, the bequest was valid on the theory that there was no compulsion to pay as the sons could elect not to take under the will. However, if the sons did take, they …
Book Notes, Michigan Law Review
Book Notes, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
This department undertakes to list and, when possible, describe briefly current books on law and matters closely related thereto.
Front Matter, Michigan Law Review
Front Matter, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
Front Matter for Volume 34, Issue 8 of Michigan Law Review
Horace La Fayette Wilgus, Michigan Law Review
Horace La Fayette Wilgus, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
This is an abstract from a memoriam for Horace La Fayette Wilgus to appear in the University of Michigan Council and Senate Records.
Constitutional Law - Minimum Wage Decision - Future Of Legislation By States
Constitutional Law - Minimum Wage Decision - Future Of Legislation By States
Michigan Law Review
The shadow of a thirteen-year old decision which many had hoped was laid forever again fell upon the field of minimum wage legislation as the Supreme Court invalidated the New York minimum wage law for women. With this holding, which came as a surprise to many, the issue of the constitutionality of minimum wage legislation was again thrust into the limelight, and with the two great political parties wrestling with the problem of party programs, the decision may have political repercussions, of a force as yet incalculable. Before considering the future of minimum wage legislation, let us take a brief …
Corporations-Liability Of Promoters For Secret Profit
Corporations-Liability Of Promoters For Secret Profit
Michigan Law Review
In view of the peculiar position of control which a promoter occupies in relation to the proposed corporation, with resultant opportunities for making unconscionable profits, courts have uniformly regarded him as standing in a fiduciary relationship toward the corporation. Accordingly, when a promoter seeks to make a profit from a transfer of property to the corporation, he must obtain the consent of the latter under penalty of having to disgorge such profit at a later time at the suit of the corporation itself or persons acting in the latter's behalf. Such liability is to be distinguished from the liability of …
Automobiles-Registration Of Title-Evidence Of Ownership
Automobiles-Registration Of Title-Evidence Of Ownership
Michigan Law Review
In an action for damages caused by the son's negligent operation of an automobile registered in his father's name, the court affirmed a judgment against the father as an owner consenting to the use of his automobile, and held that evidence of the son's ownership was properly stricken from the record, since unregistered transfers were void. Enfield v. Butler, (Iowa 1935) 264 N. W. 546.
Bankruptcy - Recovery Of Preferences - Requirement That Defendant Be Paid A Greater Percentage Of His Claim Than Other Creditors
Michigan Law Review
In a suit by the trustee in bankruptcy to recover as preferences part payments to defendant within four months of bankruptcy, the trial court refused to rule that the trustee had the burden of proving that each payment had the effect of giving to the defendant a greater percentage of his claim than other creditors would have received if the estate had been liquidated at that time. Held, the court's refusal was proper. Palmer Clay Products Co. v. Brown, 297 U.S. 227, 56 S. Ct. 450 (1936).
Constitutional Law-Due Process--Nonresident Motorist Statute
Constitutional Law-Due Process--Nonresident Motorist Statute
Michigan Law Review
Petition for writ of prohibition on the ground that the notice provided by the Arkansas nonresident motorist statute did not meet the requirements of the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. The statute required that service of process be had on the secretary of state and that the plaintiff send notice of such service to the nonresident defendant at his last known address by registered letter, and required that the defendant's return receipt or the affidavit of the plaintiff of compliance with the statute be filed in the office of the clerk of court. Held, the statute is …
Constitutional Law-Separation Of Powers-Legislative Right To Delegate Initiative Power To Public
Constitutional Law-Separation Of Powers-Legislative Right To Delegate Initiative Power To Public
Michigan Law Review
The act creating the Maryland Milk Commission provided: "The Commission, when requested by a substantial proportion of the producers and/or consumers and/or distributors in any marketing area, shall have power" to do a number of things pertaining to sanitary and trade conditions within the milk industry. Plaintiffs sought to enjoin the Commission from utilizing any power derived from such an act upon the ground that it contained an unconstitutional delegation of legislative power. Held, an invalid attempt to delegate legislative authority. The legislature, when acting in its law-making capacity, exercised a power conferred upon it by the people which …
Estates-Valuation Of A Life Estate
Estates-Valuation Of A Life Estate
Michigan Law Review
A tract of land was conveyed to H. C. Miracle for life and the remainder in fee to his four children by name. The life tenant (H. C. Miracle) together with three remaindermen deeded the tract of land to a purchaser for $15,000 on the understanding that the other remainderman, an infant, would execute a deed upon reaching her majority. The infant remainderman, however, had refused to convey and had brought partition proceedings against the purchaser in which one-fourth of the land was set apart for her. The life tenant had borrowed from the plaintiff, giving his note. In a …
Municipal Corporations-Liability For Negligence In Maintenance Of Swimming Pools And Parks-Governmental And Proprietary Functions
Michigan Law Review
The plaintiff sued to recover damages for the death of his son by drowning, which he alleged was caused by the negligence of the defendant city in the maintenance of a public swimming pool. In upholding the overruling of the defendant's demurrer, the court held that on the authority of an earlier South Dakota case, the maintenance and operation of a public swimming pool or park is the exercise of a proprietary function of the municipality, and therefore, the city is liable for the negligence of its servants in maintaining and guarding the pool. Glirhas v. City of Sioux Falls …
Public Utilities-Injunction Restraining Enforcement Of Rate Order Of State Commission-Jurisdiction Of Federal Court Under Johnson Act
Michigan Law Review
Plaintiffs sued in a federal district court for an injunction restraining enforcement of an order of the Corporation Commission of Oklahoma reducing gas rates. The plaintiffs alleged that the new rates were confiscatory and in violation of due process of law under the Fourteenth Amendment. It appeared that there was much uncertainty in the decisions of the Supreme Court of Oklahoma as to whether the appeal to that court from the orders of the Corporation Commission were legislative or judicial. Held, that in view of the uncertainty of an opportunity for judicial review of the orders of the Commission, …
Wills-Gift Over Of Unconsumed Residue Following An Absolute Gift
Wills-Gift Over Of Unconsumed Residue Following An Absolute Gift
Michigan Law Review
A died leaving certain securities which she had received under a will giving her the property "absolutely." B claimed the securities under a subsequent clause in the same will which gave her any part of the above bequest which "should . . . remain" at A's death. The trial court found that the testator intended to give A an absolute gift, so that the gift over was void. Held, that while such a gift over following a fee simple bequest is void, an absolute gift may subsequently be cut down to a lesser estate if it be clear …
Front Matter, Michigan Law Review
Front Matter, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
Front Matter for Volume 34, Issue 7 of Michigan Law Review