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Articles 8671 - 8700 of 12807
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Niemeyer On Law Without Force, Josef L. Kunz
Niemeyer On Law Without Force, Josef L. Kunz
Michigan Law Review
Whereas Lauterpacht tried to determine the function of law in the international community, Niemeyer investigates the function of politics in international law. His book is on politics, but it is theoretical in its treatment and not political. The book not only represents an ambitious work, but is certainly interesting and stimulating. As to his ideas, Niemeyer derives from Herman Heller, to whom the book is dedicated. Heller's theory of the States is not a legal, but a sociological, a functional theory of the modern, occidental State as it developed since the Renaissance, a theory which stands halfway between Kelsen's "pure …
Conditions And Limitations In Restraint Of Marriage, Olin Browder Jr.
Conditions And Limitations In Restraint Of Marriage, Olin Browder Jr.
Michigan Law Review
From ancient times it has been a practice of testators to provide for the termination of a devised estate upon the marriage of the devisee, or to make their gifts conditional upon a beneficiary's marrying in a prescribed manner. In this way, a parent may hope to extend beyond his death his influence over recalcitrant or irresponsible offspring. But restraints on marriage may have other purposes. More often than not, a testator, by limiting an estate until marriage or by providing for forfeiture upon marriage, may merely seek to assure the maintenance of a female beneficiary until a husband assumes …
Administrative Law - President's Power To Remove, Rex B. Martin
Administrative Law - President's Power To Remove, Rex B. Martin
Michigan Law Review
Plaintiff had been appointed to the board of directors of the Tennessee Valley Authority by the President with the advice and consent of the Senate. The statute creating this public corporation gives the President power to remove any director who appoints or promotes lower officials on the basis of anything other than merit. Congress is authorized to remove a member of the board by a concurrent resolution of the two houses. Plaintiff was summarily removed by the President and sued to recover his salary for the whole of the prescribed nine-year term of office. Held, that the plaintiff, having …
Bankruptcy- Municipal Reorganization - Fairness Of Plan, Kenneth J. Nordstrom
Bankruptcy- Municipal Reorganization - Fairness Of Plan, Kenneth J. Nordstrom
Michigan Law Review
A local government district, finding itself hopelessly in debt, filed a petition for relief under Chapter IX of the Bankruptcy Act as amended. The municipal debt composition plan provided that bondholders would receive eight cents on the dollar. The evidence showed that a considerable quantity of bonds were bought by local landowners at much more than eight cents on the dollar, evidently for the purpose of being used in getting the approval of some such plan as proposed, in the expectation of an increase in value of their lands by improvements to be made by the debtor through a loan …
Carriers - Common Carriers - Segregation Of Races - Discrimination, John C. Johnston
Carriers - Common Carriers - Segregation Of Races - Discrimination, John C. Johnston
Michigan Law Review
Plaintiff, a negro, had purchased a railroad ticket entitling him to first class accommodations from Chicago, Illinois to Hot Springs, Arkansas. When the train entered Arkansas, the conductor, in purported compliance with an Arkansas statute requiring segregation of colored from white persons forced plaintiff to leave the Pullman car and ride in the second-class car set aside for colored passengers. Plaintiff alleged that this car was not equipped with the same conveniences which were provided for white passengers traveling first class, and he filed a complaint with the Interstate Commerce Commission claiming that he had been discriminated against in violation …
Insurance - False Statements In Application - Implied Knowledge Of Insurance Company As Ground For Waiver, Michigan Law Review
Insurance - False Statements In Application - Implied Knowledge Of Insurance Company As Ground For Waiver, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
In a suit by the beneficiary on a life insurance policy, the insurance company defended on the ground that the insured knowingly had made false statements material to the risk in his application and therefore the company had a right to rescind the contract. The insured's false statements were to the effect that he had never been refused insurance on a former application, whereas in fact the John Hancock Insurance Co. had rejected his application in the preceding year. Both the John Hancock Co. and the defendant insurer were members of a common agency which gave information to its members …
Insurance - Fire Insurance - What Is A Fire Loss, Michigan Law Review
Insurance - Fire Insurance - What Is A Fire Loss, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
Plaintiff's merchandise was insured by defendant against direct loss or damage caused by fire. In 1937 the Ohio River overflowed its banks and water entered the premises in which the assured stored his goods. While the employees of the assured were removing the goods to higher floors for protection against the flood, a near-by gasoline tank exploded and started a fire some five hundred yards from the building. The fire threatened destruction to the whole area, and in an effort to prevent this ruin, the fire department ordered the employees to quit their work because of the possible necessity of …
Judgments - Declaratory Judgments - Use In Statutory Interpretation, Reid J. Hatfield
Judgments - Declaratory Judgments - Use In Statutory Interpretation, Reid J. Hatfield
Michigan Law Review
A mining company, subject to the Fair Labor Standards Act, brought an action against the United States District Attorney for Idaho for a declaratory judgment that it was not subject to threatened criminal prosecutions and penalties under the act. The company had not included the forty minutes allowed for lunch in estimating the number of hours worked by its employees. The employees and their labor union threatened to sue, claiming the lunch period was part of their working hours and that they were therefore to that extent required to work overtime without extra pay. The Department of Labor and the …
Labor Law - Appropriate Bargaining Unit - Appropriateness Of Multiple-Plant Unit Where Majority In One Plant Oppose Such Unit, Oliver B. Crager
Labor Law - Appropriate Bargaining Unit - Appropriateness Of Multiple-Plant Unit Where Majority In One Plant Oppose Such Unit, Oliver B. Crager
Michigan Law Review
The Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co., a Pennsylvania corporation, had six plants in its plate glass division located in five scattered states. In 1938 a C. I. O. affiliate filed a charge with the National Labor Relations Board that the company had violated the National Labor Relations Act by dominating and interfering with a company union at the Missouri plant. The company union was not a party to the proceeding. The company consented to a stipulation and consent decree directing it to cease and desist from dominating or recognizing the company union. Shortly thereafter in certification proceedings, the board held that …
Labor Law - National Labor Relations Act - Employer's Refusal To Hire A Union Member As An "Unfair Labor Practice", Oliver B. Crager
Labor Law - National Labor Relations Act - Employer's Refusal To Hire A Union Member As An "Unfair Labor Practice", Oliver B. Crager
Michigan Law Review
Following a strike at respondent corporation which had started prior to the effective date of the National Labor Relations Act, the respondent refused to hire two men who had ceased to be in its employ before the strike but who sought employment after its close. The National Labor Relations Board, finding that the men had been refused employment because of their affiliations with a union and hence that the respondent had violated section 8(3) of the act, ordered the corporation to offer the two men employment and also ordered reimbursement for the loss of pay, minus actual earnings in the …
Municipal Corporations - Bonds Redeemable At Option Of Municipality- Notice To Bondholders Necessary To Stop Running Of Interest, Michigan Law Review
Municipal Corporations - Bonds Redeemable At Option Of Municipality- Notice To Bondholders Necessary To Stop Running Of Interest, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
Defendant municipality issued bonds redeemable before maturity at defendant's option. There was no provision for registration, and neither the statute nor the bonds provided for notice of redemption. In May,1938, notice was published in newspapers of general circulation that the bonds were to be redeemed on June 1. Plaintiff, owner of the entire issue, did not know of the redemption until September 27. It sued for interest from June 1 to September 27. Held, notice by publication is sufficient to stop the running of interest, and plaintiff is therefore not entitled to recover. Philadelphia Savings Fund Society v. City …
Labor Law - Power Of The Nlrb To Order Employer To Reimburse Employees For Sums Deducted From Their Wages To Support An Employer-Dominated Union, Michigan Law Review
Labor Law - Power Of The Nlrb To Order Employer To Reimburse Employees For Sums Deducted From Their Wages To Support An Employer-Dominated Union, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
Defendant was engaged in a business affecting interstate commerce and was found by the National Labor Relations Board to have dominated and interfered with the administration of an employees' association. The board ordered defendant to reimburse its employees for sums deducted from their wages for association dues and assessments since the effective date of the National Labor Relations Act. The board petitioned to enforce the order. Held, a reimbursement of the money paid to the association by means of the checkoff was not authorized by the statute, and would violate the fundamental principles of equity. The dissenting judge contended …
Book Notes, Michigan Law Review
Book Notes, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
This department undertakes to list and, when possible, describe briefly current books on law and matters closely related thereto.
Taxation - Gift Tax - Each Beneficiary Of Trust As Donee For Purpose Of Exemption Provision, Alfred I. Rothman
Taxation - Gift Tax - Each Beneficiary Of Trust As Donee For Purpose Of Exemption Provision, Alfred I. Rothman
Michigan Law Review
In 1935, the donor created a trust for the benefit of seven children. The donor in her gift tax return, pursuant to section 504b of the Gift Tax Act, excluded from the taxable amount $5,000 for each child. The commissioner's action in treating the trustee as the donee and in allowing a single deduction of $5,000 was sustained by the Board of Tax Appeals. The circuit court of appeals reversed. Held, that the taxpayer was entitled to seven deductions, one for each beneficiary under the trust. Helvering v. Hutchings, (U.S. 1941) 61 S. Ct. 653.
Taxation -Taxability Of Insurance Policies Under The Federal Estate Tax Where Possibility Of Reverter To Insured, Felicia I. Hmiel
Taxation -Taxability Of Insurance Policies Under The Federal Estate Tax Where Possibility Of Reverter To Insured, Felicia I. Hmiel
Michigan Law Review
In 1920 decedent purchased a fifty-thousand-dollar life insurance policy, making his wife beneficiary and providing that if she predeceased him the proceeds should be payable to the executors of his estate. No power to revoke the policy or to change the beneficiary was expressly retained. The decedent predeceased the beneficiary and, in the assessment of the federal estate tax, the proceeds were included as part of his gross estate. The tax was paid, and plaintiff executor brought suit to recover an alleged overpayment of the estate tax because of the inclusion in the gross estate of the proceeds of the …
Monthly Periodical Index, Michigan Law Review
Monthly Periodical Index, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
This department lists the articles and comments which appear in twenty-five leading law reviews.
The Present Status Of Collective Contracts In The American Legal System, Arthur Lenhoff
The Present Status Of Collective Contracts In The American Legal System, Arthur Lenhoff
Michigan Law Review
Can it be that less than a score of years has elapsed since Schlesinger v. Quinto pointed out the difference between employment contracts and collective contracts? And yet in that short period the various objections recurrently raised regarding the enforceability of these contracts, such as lack of consideration and of mutuality as well as the dictate of the "personal service" rule, came to be disregarded. At a time when employers are not only obliged to bargain collectively but also, after reaching an agreement, to reduce it to writing, reminiscences of the "custom" doctrine must, indeed, resemble the frozen sounds in …
Corporations - Close Corporations - Methods Of Retaining Ownership Of Stock In Surviving Stockholders When One Stockholder Dies, Reid J. Hatfield
Corporations - Close Corporations - Methods Of Retaining Ownership Of Stock In Surviving Stockholders When One Stockholder Dies, Reid J. Hatfield
Michigan Law Review
The close corporation is generally formed by a small group who take an active part in the business and whose participation is essential to the successful operation of the venture. Thus, a partnership may decide that the corporate form will more effectively protect the interests of its members, or a small number of people interested in the same enterprise may incorporate in order to limit their individual liability in the common endeavor. Whatever the reason for the use of the corporate entity, the active participation of each stockholder is probably of vital importance to the financial welfare of all. To …
Corporations - Reserved Powers - Abrogation Of Preferred Dividend Arrearages By Charter Amendment, Merger, Or Consolidation, William D. Sutton
Corporations - Reserved Powers - Abrogation Of Preferred Dividend Arrearages By Charter Amendment, Merger, Or Consolidation, William D. Sutton
Michigan Law Review
The "malignant" decision in the Dartmouth College case fathered the passage of reserved-power statutes in virtually all the states. These statutes, in turn, when opposed by the retaliatory fundamental-rights safeguards invoked by the courts for the protection of corporate stockholders, procreated problems which have grown more baffling and incorrigible with age. Not the least among these are proposed changes in the liabilities or rights of stockholders, especially the attempted abolition of unpaid accrued dividends upon cumulative preferred stock where there exists a surplus which might lawfully be applied to the payment of such dividends.
Parties - Right To Sue Defendant By Fictitious Name, Oliver B. Crager
Parties - Right To Sue Defendant By Fictitious Name, Oliver B. Crager
Michigan Law Review
Plaintiff brought an action of detinue to repossess an electric refrigerator against "John Doe, whose name is to the plaintiff otherwise unknown, but will be inserted by way of amendment when ascertained," in accordance with an Alabama statute allowing suits to be started against defendants by a fictitious name. Writ of seizure issued on the same date as the summons, but the sheriff did not make service. When it was found that the refrigerator was in the possession of a woman, plaintiff amended the complaint to substitute "Mary Roe, whose name is to the plaintiff otherwise unknown, etc." Service was …
Restitution - Effect Of Illegality - Right Of Person Not A Party To The Illegal Transaction To Invoke Defense Of Illegality, Alfred I. Rothman
Restitution - Effect Of Illegality - Right Of Person Not A Party To The Illegal Transaction To Invoke Defense Of Illegality, Alfred I. Rothman
Michigan Law Review
In an action for conversion of stock, plaintiff alleged that her intestate was the actual owner of the capital stock of a brewing corporation. Intestate had in fact furnished the consideration for the stock, but it was issued in the name of one Vogel as his dummy and agent. After the death of intestate, the defendant, with knowledge of plaintiff's interest, acquired the stock from Vogel by means of a pretended purchase and converted it to his own use. As a defense to the conversion action, defendant interposed a plea of illegality, alleging that the capital stock was issued to …
The Evolution Of The "Duty To Bargain" Concept In American Law, Russell A. Smith
The Evolution Of The "Duty To Bargain" Concept In American Law, Russell A. Smith
Michigan Law Review
Promotion of collective bargaining appears to be a governmental policy borne of the travails of economic emergency during World War I, though it was somewhat foreshadowed by the earlier attempt in the Erdman Act of 1898 to outlaw the "yellow-dog'' contract. It first gained recognition by certain of the individual branches of the administration II and was subsequently suggested as an over-all policy, along with recognition of the right of self-organization and other principles, by the War Labor Conference Board. This board was appointed in January, 1918, by the Secretary of Labor and consisted of nominees of the National Industrial …
Certiorari - Review Of Governor's Dismissal Proceeding, Kenneth J. Nordstrom
Certiorari - Review Of Governor's Dismissal Proceeding, Kenneth J. Nordstrom
Michigan Law Review
Proceedings were instituted against the directors of a California prison on charges of misconduct, incompetency, and neglect of duty, which resulted in their removal from office by the governor. A constitutional provision authorized the governor to appoint such directors, who were to hold, office for ten years, and provided that the governor should have the power to remove the directors for misconduct, incompetency, or neglect after an opportunity to be heard upon written charges. Due notice and a complete hearing were accorded to the directors as required. Plaintiff directors seek review of the removal proceedings by writ of certiorari. Held …
1941 Law Institute, Michigan Law Review
1941 Law Institute, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
Following its successful Law Institutes of the past two years, the University of Michigan Law School has arranged for a third annual institute to be held in the Law Quadrangle on Monday and Tuesday, June 23 and 24. As in the other Institutes, the time will be spent in earnest exposition and study of recent developments in certain phases of the law of prime interest to practicing lawyers.
Front Matter, Michigan Law Review
Front Matter, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
Front Matter for Volume 39, Issue 7 of Michigan Law Review
Jurisprudence On Parade, Hessel E. Yntema
Jurisprudence On Parade, Hessel E. Yntema
Michigan Law Review
Jurisprudence is part of the pageant that makes history. This is a truism that, it may be added, obtains irrespective of the view held as to the significance of general legal theory. To some, the constructs of jurisprudence may seem but laggard symbols of more vital facts and trends. The degree of the lag exhibited by the more celebrated of such constructs may suggest to an anthropologically-minded observer, such as Thurman Arnold, that the apparent function of jurisprudence in the present social climate is neither to represent reality nor to control the administration of justice, but rather by the magic …
Constitutional Law - Commerce Clause - Scope Of Federal Power Over Intrastate Activities-Fair Labor Standards Act, Michigan Law Review
Constitutional Law - Commerce Clause - Scope Of Federal Power Over Intrastate Activities-Fair Labor Standards Act, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
Authority of Congress to regulate intrastate activities through the commerce clause is derived from two principal sources: (1) the federal power to preserve the flow of commerce by eliminating potential burdens and obstructions; (2) the federal power to prohibit the interstate transportation of goods resulting in the spread of conditions which Congress considers detrimental to the general welfare. Utilization of the first source of authority over intrastate activities is exemplified by the National Labor Relations Act, enabling the federal government to regulate an aspect of local production likely to burden commerce. Utilization of the second source of authority is exemplified …
Constitutional Law - Commerce Clause - Federal Trade Commission - Jurisdiction Over Intrastate Commerce Affecting Interstate Commerce, John C. Johnston
Constitutional Law - Commerce Clause - Federal Trade Commission - Jurisdiction Over Intrastate Commerce Affecting Interstate Commerce, John C. Johnston
Michigan Law Review
Appellee, an Illinois corporation engaged in manufacturing and selling candy within the state of Illinois, used in marketing its product a method of "break and take" packages involving an element of chance. The Federal Trade Commission had found that this practice constituted "unfair competition" and had ordered one hundred twenty of appellee's competitors who were engaged in interstate commerce to cease using it. The commission issued a like order against appellee on the theory that its activities, although wholly intrastate, "affected" interstate commerce. Appellee appealed from the order, contending that the Federal Trade Commission Act did not authorize the commission …
Constitutional Law - Commerce Clause - Labor Law - Power Of State To Enjoin Unfair Labor Practices Of Employees In Industries Engaged In Interstate Commerce, Michigan Law Review
Constitutional Law - Commerce Clause - Labor Law - Power Of State To Enjoin Unfair Labor Practices Of Employees In Industries Engaged In Interstate Commerce, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
The appellant (defendant in the case below) and certain of its members were found guilty of unfair labor practices as defined by the Wisconsin Employment Relations Act. Plaintiff-appellee issued a cease and desist order, which was sustained by the lower court despite defendant's contention that the statute was unconstitutional on the ground that Congress had precluded such state legislation affecting interstate industries by enacting the National Labor Relations Act. Held, plaintiff's order sustained. State legislation not repugnant to the Wagner Act is operative in this field so long as the National Labor Relations Board has not acted in the …
Damages - Injunction Bond - Attorney's Fees As Damages, Harold P. Graves, Raymond H. Rapaport
Damages - Injunction Bond - Attorney's Fees As Damages, Harold P. Graves, Raymond H. Rapaport
Michigan Law Review
Frequently, when a litigant seeks to establish rights with respect to particular property, it is possible for the opposing party so to act with respect to the property involved, while litigation is pending, as to deprive the plaintiff of the substantial benefit of his remedy should he prevail. Consequently, on prima facie showing of right, courts of equity will grant a temporary injunction to "freeze" the situation until the rights of the parties are finally determined. Since the temporary injunction is issued without a final determination of the rights of the parties, the enjoined party is deprived of dominion over …