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Articles 7711 - 7740 of 12807
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Associations-Title To Land Conveyed To Church After Expiration Of Charter, R. V. Wellman
Associations-Title To Land Conveyed To Church After Expiration Of Charter, R. V. Wellman
Michigan Law Review
The X Church was incorporated by special charter for a period of fourteen years from 1814. Subsequent charters extended its corporate existence until 1871, since which time, though the members have remained associated under the same name, there has been no attempt to re-incorporate. In 1922, land was conveyed to "X Church, its successors and assigns." Defendant contracted with the chairman and the warden of the Church to buy the land described in the deed of 1922. Subsequently, plaintiff, who had been elected minister of the Church in 1945, was authorized to execute and deliver the necessary deed of …
Constitutional Law-Due Process -Of Law-Freedom Of Religion- Voluntary Religious Classes Held In Public School Building During School Hours, E.C. V. Greenwood
Constitutional Law-Due Process -Of Law-Freedom Of Religion- Voluntary Religious Classes Held In Public School Building During School Hours, E.C. V. Greenwood
Michigan Law Review
Appellant, a resident and taxpayer of the Champaign School District and parent of a child attending the public schools of the district, petitioned for a writ of mandamus to compel the district to discontinue religious classes held in the public schools during regular school hours. The classes in question were sponsored by a voluntary association of Jewish, Catholic, and Protestant faiths, but other religious groups were free to establish classes upon the same basis. Instructional materials, a chosen course of study, and religious teachers were made available to the program by the association. Although employed by the association, the teachers …
Constitutional Law -Equal Protection - California Alien Land Law, J. R. Mackenzie
Constitutional Law -Equal Protection - California Alien Land Law, J. R. Mackenzie
Michigan Law Review
A Japanese alien paid for some agricultural land in California which was conveyed to his seven-year-old citizen son. All records indicated that the son owned the land, although the father, his guardian, managed it. The California Alien Land Law prohibits ownership of any interest in agricultural land by aliens ineligible for citizenship. Property acquired in violation of the statute escheats as of the date of acquisition as does land transferred "with intent to prevent, evade, or avoid escheat." This intent is presumed prima facie whenever an ineligible alien pays the consideration for a transfer of land to one who may …
Evidence-Scope Of The Business Entry Exception To The Hearsay Rule Under Present Statutory Modification, John M. Veale S.Ed.
Evidence-Scope Of The Business Entry Exception To The Hearsay Rule Under Present Statutory Modification, John M. Veale S.Ed.
Michigan Law Review
The business entry exception to the hearsay evidence rule has been prolific of legal literature and litigation. Originally the law regarded all business entries as inadmissible in evidence to prove the truth of the facts recorded. However, at early common law the shopkeeper could not himself testify to the truth of a transaction, since he was an interested party; and if he kept no clerk, or his clerk were unavailable, no one else could so testify. In response to this evidentiary dilemma there appeared a double-barreled exception to the hearsay rule; namely, that business entries by a party (The Shopbook …
Corporations - Certificate Of Amendment Conferring Voting Rights On Outstanding Preferred Stock-Remedy Of Non-Assenting Common Stockholder Under New York Appraisal Statute, Edwin F. Uhl S.Ed.
Corporations - Certificate Of Amendment Conferring Voting Rights On Outstanding Preferred Stock-Remedy Of Non-Assenting Common Stockholder Under New York Appraisal Statute, Edwin F. Uhl S.Ed.
Michigan Law Review
By amendment of its certificate of incorporation, defendant conferred upon its outstanding preferred stock voting rights equal to those of the common. This alteration reduced the voting interest of the plaintiff's fifty shares of common stock from an approximately 1/33,000 to 1/36,000 part. Plaintiff, who at all times had opposed adoption of the amendment, instituted proceedings under a provision of the New York Stock Corporation Law awarding to dissenting stockholders the right to an appraisal of and payment for their stock "if the certificate . . . abolishes any voting right of the holders of shares of any class or …
Corporations-Receivership Or Dissolution Of Solvent Corporation At Suit Of Minority Stockholder-Dissension As A Ground For Relief, Charles M. Soller
Corporations-Receivership Or Dissolution Of Solvent Corporation At Suit Of Minority Stockholder-Dissension As A Ground For Relief, Charles M. Soller
Michigan Law Review
A and B owned 50 per cent of the stock in each of two solvent corporations, and Y and Z owned the remaining 50 per cent. Y was president and director of each company, Z was secretary and director, and B was vice-president and director. A's testator had been treasurer and director until his death. A and B brought suit against Y and Z and the corporations, seeking an equity receivership and liquidation and distribution of corporate assets. The complaint alleged that the two factions had been in dispute for five years, that Y had assumed exclusive control of …
Corporations-Voluntary Dissolution - Rights Of Minority Stockholders, Bayard E. Heath S.Ed.
Corporations-Voluntary Dissolution - Rights Of Minority Stockholders, Bayard E. Heath S.Ed.
Michigan Law Review
The directors of defendant, a New Jersey corporation, in an effort to effect corporate tax savings and simplification of operations, submitted the following plan to its shareholders: Defendant was to sell all of its operating assets to X, a Pennsylvania corporation which had been formed by the directors and was to receive as consideration all of the capital stock of X. Then defendant was to be dissolved and X's stock and any corporate surplus was to be distributed to the stockholders. The necessary two-thirds majority of the stockholders, as required by statute, voted to sell the operating …
Equity-Jurisdiction To Enjoin Acts Of A Federal Officer In Excess Of Statutory Authority, William J. Schrenk
Equity-Jurisdiction To Enjoin Acts Of A Federal Officer In Excess Of Statutory Authority, William J. Schrenk
Michigan Law Review
As a device for recovering excessive profits, federal legislation authorized the Secretary of War to order concerns holding contracts with the government to withhold and pay over to the government amounts due from them to parties against which the excessive profits had been determined. Acting under this authority, the Secretary ordered twelve government contractors to withhold sums due or to become due to plaintiff, of which they were customers, after a determination against the plaintiff of $7,000,000 in excessive profits. Plaintiff sought to enjoin defendant from using this means of collection, contending that because the order was not limited to …
Evidence-Hearsay-Impeachment Of Hearsay By Declarant's Inconsistent Statements, Ira M. Price, Ii S.Ed.
Evidence-Hearsay-Impeachment Of Hearsay By Declarant's Inconsistent Statements, Ira M. Price, Ii S.Ed.
Michigan Law Review
In an action of trespass to try title to land claimed through adverse possession by defendant, the date when defendant first asserted a hostile claim to the premises so as to start the ten year statute of limitations was in issue. Plaintiff's witness, W, was allowed to testify that defendant had told him and others that plaintiffs owned individual interests in the land and that he did not exclusively claim the land. Defendant's witness, Y, then testified over objection that witness, W, had told him that defendant had long claimed the land, and had farmed and fenced …
Federal Courts-Motion For Judgment Under Rule 50(B)Power Of Circuit Court Of Appeals To Direct Entry Of Judgment Contrary To Verdict Directed By The Trial Court, F. L. Adamson
Michigan Law Review
In an action for breach of warranty, defendants' motion for a directed verdict was denied and verdict was directed for plaintiff. Defendants' motion for a new trial was denied, and no motion was made for judgment in accordance with their previous motion for directed verdict. The circuit court of appeals reversed and remanded, with directions to enter judgment for defendants. On certiorari, held, reversed. Since defendants had not made timely motion for judgment under Rule 50 (b), the circuit court had no power to direct entry of judgment in their favor. Globe Liquor Co. v. San Roman, (U.S. …
Joint Adventure--Right Of Co-Adventurers To Sue Each Other At Law, Ralph J. Isackson
Joint Adventure--Right Of Co-Adventurers To Sue Each Other At Law, Ralph J. Isackson
Michigan Law Review
Plaintiff and defendants, joint adventurers, entered into an agreement whereby plaintiff was allegedly entitled to a cash payment from the funds of the joint undertaking. Plaintiff brought an action against defendants to recover the amount claimed. Neither party requested termination of the business. The trial court ordered a reference for accounting and then, without terminating the joint adventure, found that plaintiff was entitled to be paid out of the assets of the joint adventure as agreed. On appeal, held, reversed. As plaintiff and defendants were joint venturers it was necessary to have a termination of the joint adventure and …
Negligence-Contributory Negligence-Customary Violation Of Statute By Defendant As Bearing On Issue Of Plaintiff's Contributory Negligence, James A. Sprunk
Negligence-Contributory Negligence-Customary Violation Of Statute By Defendant As Bearing On Issue Of Plaintiff's Contributory Negligence, James A. Sprunk
Michigan Law Review
Plaintiff's empty truck, proceeding uphill, collided on plaintiff's side of the road with defendant's loaded truck which was traveling in the opposite direction. Both trucks were engaged in the same road-surfacing project. The road had a washout on defendant's side. Defendant's answer alleged that there was an established custom under which drivers of empty trucks yielded the right of way to drivers of loaded trucks when about to meet in a narrow or defective place in the highway; that defendant relied upon such custom which plaintiff failed to observe; and that the plaintiff's failure to observe the custom constituted contributory …
Parties-Postmaster General As Indispensable Party To Injunction Against Local Postmaster, Ralph J. Isackson
Parties-Postmaster General As Indispensable Party To Injunction Against Local Postmaster, Ralph J. Isackson
Michigan Law Review
The Postmaster General, after a hearing in Washington, D.C., found petitioners' business fraudulent, and issued a fraud order directing respondent, the local postmaster, to stamp "fraudulent" on all mail addressed to petitioners and return it to the senders. The petitioners sued, without joining the Postmaster General, to enjoin respondent from carrying out the order. The federal district court dismissed the complaint, and the circuit court affirmed. On certiorari, held, reversed. The Postmaster General is not an indispensable party if the decree restraining the local postmaster will give the relief desired without requiring any action on the part of the …
Real Property-Easements-Extinction Of Easements Created By Implication Or Prescription On Sale Of Servient Land To Bona Fide Purchaser, Howard W. Haftel
Real Property-Easements-Extinction Of Easements Created By Implication Or Prescription On Sale Of Servient Land To Bona Fide Purchaser, Howard W. Haftel
Michigan Law Review
Plaintiffs and defendants owned adjoining farms. About thirty years ago their predecessors in title had constructed an underground tile drain from plaintiffs' farm to and across defendants' farm. In 1934 this drain was obstructed. In 1941 the servient farm was sold to defendants, who gave value and had no knowledge of the existence of the drain. Plaintiffs sought an injunction to compel removal of the obstruction. The lower court found that plaintiffs had acquired a prescriptive right to use the drain before it was obstructed, but refused to grant the injunction on the ground that defendants as bona fide purchasers …
Taxation-Deductions For Partial Worthlessness Of A Debt, John M. Veale S.Ed.
Taxation-Deductions For Partial Worthlessness Of A Debt, John M. Veale S.Ed.
Michigan Law Review
Taxpayer was accustomed to loan money to a related corporation on open accounts. The debtor consistently lost money and became bankrupt in 1938. Thereupon taxpayer wrote off the whole debt using it as a deduction from 1938 income. The commissioner assessed a deficiency on the theory that the taxpayer, by a subordination agreement made with another creditor in 1931, had recognized the then balance to be worthless. Hence, he argued, advances made after that date were a separate debt; therefore taxpayer had lost the right to deduct the debt due in 1931 for failure to take it in the year …
Witnesses - "Dead Man's. Act" - Discretion Of Court, George A. Rinker S.Ed.
Witnesses - "Dead Man's. Act" - Discretion Of Court, George A. Rinker S.Ed.
Michigan Law Review
In an action against an executor to recover money alleged loaned to decedent, plaintiff introduced testimony of a third party regarding a conversation between plaintiff and decedent in which decedent said, "I owe you five hundred and twenty dollars and you will get every cent of it." Plaintiff then testified, over objection, as to the circumstances and terms of the alleged loan. The transaction was oral, and there was no other evidence relating to the circumstances or terms of the loan. From a judgment for plaintiff, defendant appealed, assigning as error the overruling of his objection to plaintiff's competency as …
Holzman: Corporate Reorganizations, Michigan Law Review
Holzman: Corporate Reorganizations, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
A Review of CORPORATE REORGANIZATIONS. Their Federal Tax Status. By Robert S. Holzman.
Ginzberg: The Labor Leader, Michigan Law Review
Ginzberg: The Labor Leader, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
A Review of THE LABOR LEADER, By Eli Ginzberg.
Rostow: A National Policy For The Oil Industry., Michigan Law Review
Rostow: A National Policy For The Oil Industry., Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
A Review of A NATIONAL POLICY FOR THE OIL INDUSTRY. By Eugene V. Rostow.
Calvocoressi: Nuremberg: The Facts, The Law, And The Consequences, Michigan Law Review
Calvocoressi: Nuremberg: The Facts, The Law, And The Consequences, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
A Review of NUREMBERG: THE FACTS, THE LAW, AND THE CONSEQUENCES. By Peter Calvocoressi.
Lehman: Thomas Jefferson, American Humanist, Michigan Law Review
Lehman: Thomas Jefferson, American Humanist, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
A Review of THOMAS JEFFERSON, AMERICAN HUMANIST. By Karl Lehman
Mcgowan: Trust Receipts, Michigan Law Review
Mcgowan: Trust Receipts, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
A Review of TRUST RECEIPTS. By George B. McGowan.
Notes, Michigan Law Review
Notes, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
The information given in the notes is derived from inspection of the books, publisher's literature, and the ordinary library sources.
Monthly Periodical Index, Michigan Law Review
Monthly Periodical Index, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
This department lists the articles and comments which appear in twenty-four leading law reviews. The index embraces material published since the last issue of this REVIEW.
Taxation -Family Partnerships-Capital "Originating" With The Wife, Bayard E. Heath S.Ed.
Taxation -Family Partnerships-Capital "Originating" With The Wife, Bayard E. Heath S.Ed.
Michigan Law Review
In 1937 petitioner, P, gave his wife and sister each $2500 worth of stock in X Corporation. In 1940 he and A formed a partnership unrelated to the business of X corporation. Later in the year they decided to incorporate this partnership. Meanwhile, P desired to obtain all of the stock of X in order to take advantage of an opportunity to sell it to other interests at a substantial profit. His wife and sister gave him their shares in X for his promise to give them shares in the new corporation formed from the partnership of P and …
Monthly Periodical Index, Michigan Law Review
Monthly Periodical Index, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
This department lists the articles and comments which appear in twenty-four leading law reviews. The index embraces material published since the last issue of this REVIEW.
Front Matter, Michigan Law Review
Front Matter, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
Front Matter for Volume 46, Issue 5 of Michigan Law Review
The Taft-Hartley Act And State Jurisdiction Over Labor Relations, Russell A. Smith
The Taft-Hartley Act And State Jurisdiction Over Labor Relations, Russell A. Smith
Michigan Law Review
Of the many problems arising out of the Taft-Hartley Act, not the least perplexing is the determination of its impact upon state jurisdiction over labor relations. The importance of the question is obvious, and is illustrated by Judge Shepard's reaction. Administrators of state labor relations acts and state courts, like the California court, must determine what position to take with respect to their jurisdiction. Employers and unions must make a like determination, and must also come to some conclusion as to the applicability of state law as reflected in other statutes and in judicial decisions. Those charged with the administration …
Constitutional Law-Fourteenth Amendment-Equal Protection Of The Laws-Racial Segregation In Public Educational Institutions, Neal Seegert S.Ed.
Constitutional Law-Fourteenth Amendment-Equal Protection Of The Laws-Racial Segregation In Public Educational Institutions, Neal Seegert S.Ed.
Michigan Law Review
Segregation of races, particularly separation of white and colored races, has long been condoned by American courts as permissible under the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States. Underlying the traditional view is the idea that the equal protection clause is not violated by segregation so long as equal facilities are provided for both races. On this basic premise a large number of jurisdictions, particularly the southern states, have predicated constitutional provisions and statutory enactments compelling racial segregation, while a number of other states where segregation has not been forbidden by express constitutional or statutory provision have achieved …
Executors And Administrators-Personal Tort Liability-Effect Of Statutes Authorizing Continuance Of Decedent's Business, Leroy H. Redfern S.Ed.
Executors And Administrators-Personal Tort Liability-Effect Of Statutes Authorizing Continuance Of Decedent's Business, Leroy H. Redfern S.Ed.
Michigan Law Review
It is the purpose here to consider the effect of statutes which provide authority for personal representatives to operate a business on the representatives' tort liability. An important factor in deciding whether the statutes change the common law rules relating to tort liability of executors and administrators is the manner in which the courts regard those rules-are they fair and do they make for good law, or are they harsh and arbitrary? For this reason attention is first directed to the practical operation of and reasons behind the common law doctrine.