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Articles 7231 - 7260 of 12807
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Mr. Justice Murphy, Hugo L. Black
Mr. Justice Murphy, Hugo L. Black
Michigan Law Review
Frank Murphy's extensive public service is discussed by others in this issue. I write of him as an associate, and as a friend. Our friendship began when we first met in 1936, and grew stronger with the years. No one associated with him could fail to be attracted by his human warmth and his passion for justice.
Mr. Justice Murphy, Ira W. Jayne
Mr. Justice Murphy, Ira W. Jayne
Michigan Law Review
When Justice Frank Murphy took his seat on the bench of the Supreme Court of the United States, I was asked to make a public statement about the appointment.
Mr. Justice Murphy -A Note Of Appreciation, John H. Pickering, Eugene Gressman, T. L. Tolan Jr.
Mr. Justice Murphy -A Note Of Appreciation, John H. Pickering, Eugene Gressman, T. L. Tolan Jr.
Michigan Law Review
Justice Murphy would have observed his tenth anniversary on the Supreme Court on February 5, 1950. Just as some of us who were privileged to serve as his law clerks were beginning to think of plans to honor him on that occasion, the news of his death came to stun us. So instead we pay homage to his memory by relating some of the manifold aspects of the character of this most noble man.
Mr. Justice Murphy And Civil Rights, Thurgood Marshall
Mr. Justice Murphy And Civil Rights, Thurgood Marshall
Michigan Law Review
There is constant danger that the unpopularity of an individual, or of the group of which he is a member, will be reflected in dealings with his rights by his neighbors or by the organized community. In America today this bias is most likely to stern from differences of race, origin, nationality, or religious or political belief. Prejudice may victimize an entire group or any of its members. Any charge of shocking or anti-social conduct against one who is already thus unpopular increases the likelihood of unfair treatment. Not only private citizens, but legislators, judges and administrative officers of government …
The Influence Of Mr. Justice Murphy On Labor Law, Archibald Cox
The Influence Of Mr. Justice Murphy On Labor Law, Archibald Cox
Michigan Law Review
When Mr. Justice Murphy took his place on the Supreme Court in 1940, a period of major development in labor law was beginning. In 1935 Congress had laid one of the two principal foundation stones by enacting the Wagner Act. But the NLRA did not become effective in any practical sense until after its constitutionality was upheld in 1937, and it was in the next decade that the farthest reaching questions of interpretation and application were to be decided. The second stone was laid in 1938 when passage of the Fair Labor Standards Act committed the nation to the policy …
The Rule Of Clear And Present Danger: Scope Of Its Applicability, Chester James Antieau
The Rule Of Clear And Present Danger: Scope Of Its Applicability, Chester James Antieau
Michigan Law Review
The rule of clear and present danger originated in 1919 in an attempt by Mr. Justice Holmes to formulate a principle for the limitation of liberty with a conscious, intelligent weighing of the opposed societal interests. In the Schenck case, the societal and individual interest in freedom of expression clashed with the societal interest in defense of the state. In conflicts of this kind the criterion has had its most frequent application. The societal interest in preservation of the state was adequately protected by application of the test in prosecutions arising under the Espionage Act of 1917, although Mr. Justice …
Fourth Series Of Thomas M. Cooley Lectures, Michigan Law Review
Fourth Series Of Thomas M. Cooley Lectures, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
The fourth series of Thomas M. Cooley Lectures will be given by E. Blythe Stason, Dean of the University of Michigan Law School, on April 24 to 28, inclusive, at 4:15 P.M. in Room 150 of Hutchins Hall, the University of Michigan. The first series of Cooley Lectures was given by Professor Henry Rottschaefer of the University of Minnesota, the second series by Professor Burke Shartel of the University of Michigan, and the third series by Professor Zechariah Chafee, Jr. of Harvard University.
Corporations-Power To Reacquire Own Stock-Construction Of Statute Thereon, Fred W. Freeman S.Ed.
Corporations-Power To Reacquire Own Stock-Construction Of Statute Thereon, Fred W. Freeman S.Ed.
Michigan Law Review
The Supreme Court of Rhode Island recently upheld the purchase by a corporation of its own stock in a transaction which impaired capital, despite the presence of an express statutory provision "that no corporation shall use its funds or property for the purchase of its own shares of capital stock when such use would cause any impairment of the capital of the corporation." The court maintained that this statute applies only to an impairment of capital which is detrimental to creditors; and that since the corporation in question had no creditors, there was no violation. This contention was based on …
Federal Estate And Gift Taxation-Adequacy Of Consideration In Transfers Connected With Divorce Proceedings Or Separation Agreements, Joseph G. Egan S.Ed.
Federal Estate And Gift Taxation-Adequacy Of Consideration In Transfers Connected With Divorce Proceedings Or Separation Agreements, Joseph G. Egan S.Ed.
Michigan Law Review
Today it is common procedure for a husband and wife, contemplating divorce or separation, to make an advance agreement concerning alimony and division of their property. Often this agreement will be adopted by the court in its decree of separation or divorce. It is the purpose of this comment to discuss the estate and gift tax consequences of such agreements. In order to understand properly the problems which have come up in connection with gift tax liability, it is necessary first to chart out the path taken under the estate tax.
International Law-Self-Executing Treaties-The Genocide Convention, William C. Gordon S.Ed.
International Law-Self-Executing Treaties-The Genocide Convention, William C. Gordon S.Ed.
Michigan Law Review
The crime of genocide is committed when a person is harmed because of his nationality, race or religion. Because of the number of offenses committed with genocidal motives during and before the last war, and the shortcomings of the customary international law rules on the subject, the General Assembly of the United Nations unanimously adopted a Convention on Genocide, which has been submitted for ratification by the members, including the United States.
The Intent Element In Contempt Of Injunctions, Decrees And Court Orders, Edward W. Rothe S.Ed.
The Intent Element In Contempt Of Injunctions, Decrees And Court Orders, Edward W. Rothe S.Ed.
Michigan Law Review
Recent years have seen increasing effort on the part of courts to distinguish between civil and criminal contempts. This effort has been engendered by an awareness of the different procedural and substantive aspects of the two classifications. A discussion of these aspects, as well as of the tests used to distinguish civil and criminal contempts, is beyond the scope of this paper. Suffice it to say that those tests which have been applied leave much to be desired. The lack of clarity, so evident in prevailing tests, is in part a legacy from early decisions which permitted the two types …
Conflict Of Laws-Limitation Of Actions-Statute Of Forum Shorter Than Limitation In Foreign Statute Creating Cause Of Action, John J. Gaskell S.Ed.
Conflict Of Laws-Limitation Of Actions-Statute Of Forum Shorter Than Limitation In Foreign Statute Creating Cause Of Action, John J. Gaskell S.Ed.
Michigan Law Review
Action was brought in a United States district court of Pennsylvania to recover for a death by wrongful act which occurred in Minnesota. The action was brought within the time limit of two years allowed by the Minnesota statute, but after the period of one year designated by the Pennsylvania statute for commencement of such action. The district court gave judgment for the defendant. On appeal, held, affirmed. Federal courts in diversity cases are bound by state rules of conflict of laws, and consequently the Pennsylvania rule that no action for wrongful death can be brought in Pennsylvania after …
Contracts-Effect Of Supervening Temporary Impossibility, Robert H. Frick S.Ed.
Contracts-Effect Of Supervening Temporary Impossibility, Robert H. Frick S.Ed.
Michigan Law Review
The plaintiff, a Japanese-owned corporation located in the United States, was operating under a limited license to do business granted under an executive order. On November 1, 1941, the plaintiff contracted to purchase from the defendant corporation 6,000 pockets of rice for delivery during November and December 1941 at the plaintiff's option. On December 7, 1941, the Secretary of the Treasury revoked all licenses issued under the executive order and the plaintiff's place of business was closed. Upon learning of this, the defendant corporation notified the plaintiff of his (defendant's) repudiation of the contract on December 9, 1941. On December …
Contracts-Validity Of "No Damage" Clause, Nancy J. Ringland
Contracts-Validity Of "No Damage" Clause, Nancy J. Ringland
Michigan Law Review
A "no damage" clause in a contract with a housing authority for the construction of a housing development provided that "no payment or compensation of any kind shall be made to the contractor for damages because of hindrance or delay from any cause in the progress of the work, whether such delays be avoidable or unavoidable." Contractor sought to recover from the housing authority for delay caused by arbitrary and unreasonable conduct of the authority. Held, the contractor could not recover unless the delay or hindrance was caused by fraud, bad faith, or malicious intent. Psaty & Fuhrman, Inc. …
Corporations-Validity Of By-Law Requiring Assent Of All Or Proportion Of Shareholders Greater Than Majority For Action, Alan C. Boyd
Corporations-Validity Of By-Law Requiring Assent Of All Or Proportion Of Shareholders Greater Than Majority For Action, Alan C. Boyd
Michigan Law Review
The defendants, employees of the plaintiff corporation, were discharged by the president, who was empowered under the by-laws to appoint, remove, employ and discharge, and fix the compensation of, all employees of the corporation, subject to the approval of the board of directors. A majority of the directors and the holders of a majority of the shares were in agreement that the defendants should be discharged. The defendants refused to leave the premises, took possession of certain of the corporate books and records, and otherwise interfered with the conduct of the business, claiming that their discharge was ineffective because it …
Equity-Financial Liability To Comply With A Decree-Imprisonment For Debt, Paul M.D. Harrison
Equity-Financial Liability To Comply With A Decree-Imprisonment For Debt, Paul M.D. Harrison
Michigan Law Review
Testator provided that a charge amounting to $16,000 was to be made on certain devised land and that a $5,000 legacy was to be paid to plaintiff educational institution from this sum. Defendant executors reported to the court, in 1921, that the charge had been collected and that the $5,000 legacy for plaintiff had been received. The court ordered them to hold the money in trust until plaintiff might qualify to take it. Actually, as shown by the executor's final report of 1941, no part of the $5,000 had been collected and all the money in the estate had been …
Federal Procedure--Third-Party Practice--Contbibution Among Joint Or Concurrent Tort-Feasors, Paul M.D. Harrison
Federal Procedure--Third-Party Practice--Contbibution Among Joint Or Concurrent Tort-Feasors, Paul M.D. Harrison
Michigan Law Review
A sued B for injuries arising out of a collision between B's taxicab and an automobile driven by C, in which A was riding as a guest passenger. B filed a third-party complaint against C, who denied B's allegation of negligence and counterclaimed against B for personal injuries. A did not amend his complaint to assert a claim against C. The jury found that A's injury was caused by the concurrent negligence of B and C. Judgment for $11,500 was given to A against B, and B was awarded a judgment against …
International Law-Military Tribunals For The Trial Of War Criminals As International Courts, David S. Dewitt S.Ed.
International Law-Military Tribunals For The Trial Of War Criminals As International Courts, David S. Dewitt S.Ed.
Michigan Law Review
Petitioner, a German citizen confined in the American Zone of Occupied Germany in the custody of the United States Anny, petitioned the United States District Court, District of Columbia for a writ of habeas corpus. The respondents were the Secretary of Defense and others alleged to have directory control over the jailers in Germany. The petitioner had been convicted of war crimes by Military Tribunal IV at Nuremburg, Germany. This tribunal was established by order of General Clay, United States Military Governor and Zone Commander, pursuant to Control Council Law No. 10 which carried out the London Agreement and the …
Labor Law-Veteran's Reemployment Rights-Duration Of Seniority Beyond One Year Period, Donald D. Davis S.Ed.
Labor Law-Veteran's Reemployment Rights-Duration Of Seniority Beyond One Year Period, Donald D. Davis S.Ed.
Michigan Law Review
At the time of his induction into the Armed Forces, plaintiff was employed as a locomotive machinist at defendant's Loyall shop. This shop was transferred to Corbin during his absence, and, upon discharge from military service, plaintiff was reemployed there with seniority from July 17, 1946, the date of his return. In April, 1947, plaintiff filed his complaint under section 8, Selective Training and Service Act, alleging that had he not been in the Armed Forces he would have been transferred to the Corbin shop with seniority from July 1, 1945. The collective bargaining agent of the machinist employees of …
Municipal Corporations-Zoning-Right Of Grantee To Act On Variance Issued To His Grantor, Herbert N. Weingarten
Municipal Corporations-Zoning-Right Of Grantee To Act On Variance Issued To His Grantor, Herbert N. Weingarten
Michigan Law Review
A zoning ordinance prohibited the erection of private garages within twenty feet of the street line. Because of the peculiar shape of the lot in question, a variance was granted to the then owner permitting the building of a garage closer to the street line. However, before the garage was built, the land was sold to the present owner who obtained a building permit and began construction. Plaintiffs, owners of the adjoining lot, objected to the granting of the permit and appealed to the zoning board of review which denied their appeal. On certiorari, held, present owner might act …
Torts-Attractive Nuisance-Ponds, Lloyd J. Tyler, Jr.
Torts-Attractive Nuisance-Ponds, Lloyd J. Tyler, Jr.
Michigan Law Review
Plaintiff's four-year-old daughter drowned in a pond on defendant's land. The pond was from six to ten feet deep, with extremely steep banks, and contained various forms of marine life and debris. The pond was useless and was eliminated by the defendant soon after the drowning. The defendant knew that at least twenty small children resided in the immediate area and the pond was visible and accessible to them. In a damage action for the death, held, the defendant was liable under the attractive nuisance doctrine. Saxton v. Plum Orchards, Inc., (La. 1949) 40 S. (2d) 791 (1949).
Trusts-Spendthrift Trusts-Restrictions On Alienation As A Constitutionally Protected Property Right Of The Donor, Thomas Hartwell
Trusts-Spendthrift Trusts-Restrictions On Alienation As A Constitutionally Protected Property Right Of The Donor, Thomas Hartwell
Michigan Law Review
The beneficiary of a spendthrift trust, created in 1921, sought to renounce and terminate her life interest, thereby vesting the fee simple of the trust res in her son, as remainderman, free of the spendthrift provisions. A Pennsylvania statute, passed in 1945, authorized anyone with any interest in real or personal property to disclaim such interest, irrespective of any so-called spendthrift trust provisions. Held, prayer for termination denied on the ground that the statute, as it applied to spendthrift trusts created before its passage, was a violation of the donor-settlor's property rights under the Pennsylvania Constitution. To allow the …
Hall: Living Law Of Democratic Society, Michigan Law Review
Hall: Living Law Of Democratic Society, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
A Review of LIVING LAW OF DEMOCRATIC SOCIETY. By Jerome Hall.
Monthly Periodical Index, Michigan Law Review
Monthly Periodical Index, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
This department lists the articles and comments which appear in leading law reviews. The index embraces material published since the last issue of this REVIEW.
Constitutional Law–Due Process–Equal Protection Of The Laws–Anti-"Strike Suit'' Legislation Held Constitutional, Joseph Gricar S.Ed.
Constitutional Law–Due Process–Equal Protection Of The Laws–Anti-"Strike Suit'' Legislation Held Constitutional, Joseph Gricar S.Ed.
Michigan Law Review
Plaintiff brought a derivative suit against the defendant, a Delaware corporation, in a United States district court in New Jersey. While the suit was in process, New Jersey passed a statute permitting a corporation in whose name a suit was brought to demand security for reasonable expenses including attorney fees. The plaintiff stockholder was to be liable for such expenses if the suit was unsuccessful. The statute was not to apply when the complainant's holding represented 5% of the par or stated value of the corporation's outstanding stock or had a value of $50,000. Since the act applied to suits …
Corporations-Membership Corporations-Voting Rights Under California Law, Howard Vanantwerp
Corporations-Membership Corporations-Voting Rights Under California Law, Howard Vanantwerp
Michigan Law Review
The original owner of a subdivision recorded a declaration of restrictions which provided that "the majority of the property owners within the subdivision may form . . . a non-profit cooperative corporation without capital stock, but with one share thereof appurtenant to each of the lots in such subdivision,'' to approve plans for building on these lots. Defendants acquired 133 lots and commenced construction of homes in spite of the disapproval of their plans by the association organized under the authority of the declaration. The two defendants claimed to have acquired majority control of the association, claiming 133 votes as …
Courts--Process--Retroactive Operation Of Statutes Providing For Substituted Service, Robert H. Frick S.Ed.
Courts--Process--Retroactive Operation Of Statutes Providing For Substituted Service, Robert H. Frick S.Ed.
Michigan Law Review
Plaintiff, a stockholder of a South Carolina corporation, commenced a derivative suit against former directors of the corporation by serving a summons and complaint on the Secretary of State of South Carolina. Plaintiff relied on a statute providing that nonresident directors of domestic corporations, by acceptance of election or appointment as directors, should be held to have appointed the Secretary of State their agent for service of process. The statute became effective in May, 1947. Defendants, residents of New Jersey and Maryland, had resigned as directors of the corporation in December, 1946. On appeal from a judgment vacating the service …
Creditors' Rights-Remedies Available To Tort Creditor Without Judgment In Michigan And Under The Uniform Fraudulent Conveyances Act, Colvin A. Peterson, Jr. S.Ed.
Creditors' Rights-Remedies Available To Tort Creditor Without Judgment In Michigan And Under The Uniform Fraudulent Conveyances Act, Colvin A. Peterson, Jr. S.Ed.
Michigan Law Review
During negotiations for settlement of a tort claim between plaintiff and X, X transferred some realty to his son, defendant. Plaintiff commenced suit against X on the claim and, alleging that defendant and X were jointly liable on the claim, sued defendant in equity to enjoin a prospective transfer of the property by defendant to third parties. Held, for defendant; equity has no jurisdiction to enjoin the transfer of assets for a claim that is not secured by a lien or reduced to a judgment. Irwin v. Meese, 325 Mich. 349, 38 N.W. (2d) 869 (1949).
Landlord And Tenant-Interpretation Of Clause In A Lease Providing For Termination In Event Of Destruction Of Premises, Alan C. Boyd
Landlord And Tenant-Interpretation Of Clause In A Lease Providing For Termination In Event Of Destruction Of Premises, Alan C. Boyd
Michigan Law Review
The plaintiff leased property from the defendant for a term of years. The lease provided that the lessor should repair damage from fire and that "the tenancy shall not be terminated unless such repairs shall require more than ninety days." A fire occurred which damaged the property so badly that it could not be repaired within ninety days. The lessor took the position that the tenancy had automatically terminated with the occurrence of the fire. The lessee filed a bill for a declaratory judgment, claiming that under the terms of the lease he had the option either to terminate or …
Negligence-Last Clear Chance-Plaintiff's Ignorance Of Danger When He Is Not Ignorant Of The Instrumentality Which Causes His Injury, John Yates
Michigan Law Review
Plaintiff, a boy twelve years of age, was struck by a locomotive of defendant railroad and suffered severe injuries. Defendant engineer, who had noticed plaintiff walking toward the track, could have stopped the train when he first observed plaintiff but did not because he had seen plaintiff look over his shoulder at the approaching train. The train could not be stopped after plaintiff had stepped onto the track. Plaintiff admitted seeing the train when it was 400 feet distant and that he had miscalculated the time necessary to cross in front of it. On appeal from judgment against both defendants, …