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Articles 10471 - 10500 of 12806
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Banks And Banking - Holder Of Draft Paid For By Check On Issuing Bank As Preferred Upon Drawer's Insolvency
Michigan Law Review
A depositor received from his bank in exchange for his check a New York draft drawn by the bank payable to a third person. The draft was dishonored because of the insolvency and closing of drawer. After redemption of the draft the depositor sought to establish a preferred claim therefor against the bank's assets. An Ohio statute declared that when there remains unpaid at the time the bank is closed a check drawn by a depositor which has been presented to the drawee bank "for collection and payment," charged to the depositor's account, and a draft issued in payment thereof, …
Criminal Law And Procedure-Jury As Judge Of Law In Criminal Cases
Criminal Law And Procedure-Jury As Judge Of Law In Criminal Cases
Michigan Law Review
The defendant was indicted under a criminal statute making it a misdemeanor for agents and officers to transact business for any foreign corporation which had failed to comply with certain statutory requirements for conducting business in Maryland. The trial judge instructed the jury that if they believed the evidence to he true he was of the opinion that the defendant was an agent within the meaning of the statute. He cautioned them, however, that they were by article 15, sec. 5, of the constitution made judges of the law as well as fact and that his opinion as to the …
Equity-Intervention
Michigan Law Review
A Kansas statute forbids the operation of theatres on Sunday. Appellee obtained an interlocutory injunction restraining "the Attorney General of the State of Kansas, and his subordinates . . . and every other person acting or attempting to act for said defendants" from enforcing the statute. Following this temporary injunction the appellee continued to operate his theatres on Sunday, and when the municipal authorities of Winfield and Eldorado threatened to enforce municipal ordinances prohibiting Sunday shows, the appellee served them with copies of the preliminary order against the attorney general, and warned them that contempt proceedings would be instituted if …
Practice And Procedure -Appeal And Error-Duplicitous Appeal
Practice And Procedure -Appeal And Error-Duplicitous Appeal
Michigan Law Review
Appellant attempted in one appeal and with a single notice of appeal to have reviewed two separate and disconnected appealable orders of the lower court made prior to final judgment, namely, an order granting a temporary injunction and an order overruling a demurrer to the complaint. Respondent moved to dismiss the appeal. Held, the appeal was duplicitous and therefore must be dismissed without leave to amend because the time for appeal was past. Grieves v. Danaher, (S. D. 1932) 243 N. W. 916.
Public Policy And The Arrest Of Felons, John Barker Waite
Public Policy And The Arrest Of Felons, John Barker Waite
Michigan Law Review
Under the judicial rulings of a score of States, it may happen that a man is arrested for the crime of carrying concealed weapons, that irrefutable evidence of guilt is found upon him, and that he nevertheless evades conviction and punishment because the courts will not permit the evidence to be used. It not only may happen; it does actually occur with shocking and incredible frequency. Yet oddly enough this practice appears to be in flat conflict with the statute law of some of those States and with the provisions of the model Code of Criminal Procedure recently approved by …
Constitutional Law-Federal Instrumentality- Mcculloch V. Maryland In Canada And Australia, Alden L. Powell
Constitutional Law-Federal Instrumentality- Mcculloch V. Maryland In Canada And Australia, Alden L. Powell
Michigan Law Review
The British North America Act of 1867 expressly exempts from taxation certain governmental instrumentalities. Section 125 of that Act provides that "no Lands or Property belonging to Canada or any Province shall be liable to taxation." This restriction applies to both Dominion and Provincial governments. W. H. P. Clement writes that this provision was a precautionary measure "to prevent the Dominion from levying taxes for federal purposes upon property held by the Crown for provincial purposes, and vice versa. It would operate no doubt to exempt from custom's duties goods purchased abroad by a provincial government. . . . " …
Federal Trade Commission - False And Misleading Advertising
Federal Trade Commission - False And Misleading Advertising
Michigan Law Review
The law provided neither practical remedies nor suitable means of preventing false and misleading advertising before the passage of the Federal Trade Commission Act in 1914. The doctrine of caveat emptor had long prevented the effectual protection of misled customers and of competitors consequently injured. True, competitors could enjoin or recover damages-for injury by misleading advertising which took the form of common law "unfair competition." The courts had found no great difficulty in extending established common law principles to make unlawful such obvious violations of the proprietary rights of particular competitors as "simulation" and "disparagement." Although there is little question …
Subrogation -An Equitable Device For Achieving Preferences And Priorities
Subrogation -An Equitable Device For Achieving Preferences And Priorities
Michigan Law Review
Courts are seldom embarrassed in modern times by the poverty of their resources. On the contrary, with the multiplication of "substantive law" formulae and of new procedural devices, their difficulties more often result from the embarrassment of overwhelming riches. This statement may be best illustrated by a brief review of the equitable devices for achieving preferences and priorities, which have developed so rapidly within the last fifty years and have surmounted almost completely the artificial barriers of legal doctrine. In this field the chief effort of the courts must now be not to develop new machinery, but to reexamine the …
Banks And Banking-Set -- Off -- Deposits In Fiduciary Capacity
Banks And Banking-Set -- Off -- Deposits In Fiduciary Capacity
Michigan Law Review
Plaintiff, receiver for an insolvent national bank, sued to recover money deposited in defendant bank. The defendant sought to set off a deposit as trustee in the insolvent bank. Held, the set-off would be improper. The claims are not mutual. A claim in a fiduciary' capacity cannot be set off against an individual debt. Thomas v. Potter Title & Trust Co., (D. C. W. D. Pa. 1932) 2 Fed. Supp. 12.
Criminal Law And Procedure - Perjury As Contempt-Statutory Construction
Criminal Law And Procedure - Perjury As Contempt-Statutory Construction
Michigan Law Review
Defendant was summoned for jury duty in a celebrated mail fraud case. On voir dire examination she deliberately concealed the fact that at one time the defendants had been her employers, and falsely stated that her mind was free from bias. Accepted as a juror, she attempted to discredit the government's case to fellow jurors, refused to listen to their arguments, and after one week's deliberation in the jury room continued to cast the only vote for acquittal. Held, that this conduct was a contempt of court in that it was an obstruction of the processes of justice. Clark …
Finders -Lost Article In Taxicab
Finders -Lost Article In Taxicab
Michigan Law Review
X and Y, government agents, were taking A and B, bribery suspects, to the station in a taxicab. X thought he saw A drop something on the floor. When the cab reached its destination X picked up, from under the collapsible seat, a roll of bills, the ownership of which A denied. The bills were subsequently used in evidence against A and B. Petitioner, the driver of the cab, now claims the money on the ground that it was found on the floor of his cab and the real owner had not appeared. Held, petition dismissed because …
Future Interests-Rule In Shelley's Case
Future Interests-Rule In Shelley's Case
Michigan Law Review
In a recent North Carolina case a trustee under a deed of trust brought suit for specific performance against defendant who was the highest bidder, subject to approval of title, at a public sale of the property. Defendant contended that the trustee could not convey a title in fee since the deed to his grantor was "to R. W. for life with remainder to his bodily heirs by ------ if any," otherwise to another. Held, that defendant must perform his contract since the deed in question gave R. W. a contingent fee tail under the rule in Shelley's case, …
Insurance - Death In Violation Of Law-Proximate Cause
Insurance - Death In Violation Of Law-Proximate Cause
Michigan Law Review
Decedent's life was insured by the defendant company, a clause in the by-laws of which, incorporated in the policy by reference, excepted liability where death occurred in consequence of a violation of law. Decedent and two companions had committed the crime of auto banditry, and police officers, with warrants for their arrest, surprised them in possession of the stolen car, killing the decedent who sat armed with a rifle in the rear seat as the car drove away. Held, the policy covered the death of the insured, including additional payment for accidental death. Ben Hur Life Association v. Cox …
Pleading-Election Between Express Contract And Quantum Meruit
Pleading-Election Between Express Contract And Quantum Meruit
Michigan Law Review
The plaintiff's complaint was twofold. It first set forth an express, written building-contract. The second "cause of action" was based on the quantum meruit theory and alleged what the plaintiff's services were reasonably worth. In his answer the defendant set up a counterclaim for damages due to the plaintiff's delay and faulty construction. During the trial the court, on motion of the defendant, required the plaintiff to elect on which of the two counts it would stand. The plaintiff elected the express contract. From a judgment in its favor for a fraction of the damages demanded, the plaintiff appealed. Held …
Quasi-Contracts-Waiver Of Tort-Suit Against Governmental Agency
Quasi-Contracts-Waiver Of Tort-Suit Against Governmental Agency
Michigan Law Review
County officials forcibly ejected plaintiff from five acres of his land, harvested and used plaintiff's oat crop thereon, and converted the land into a road. Held, that although a county, being an agency of the State, is not liable in tort in the absence of statute, the tort may be waived and recovery allowed on the implied promise to pay for the taking of private property for public use without just compensation. Kerns v. Couch, (Or. 1932) 12 Pac. (2d) 1011.
Torts-Duty To Seamen-Jones Act-Personal Injury And Negligence
Torts-Duty To Seamen-Jones Act-Personal Injury And Negligence
Michigan Law Review
Plaintiff, personal representative of a seaman who was said to have died as a result of his employer's failure to provide proper medical attention at sea, sued the defendant-employer for the seaman's death. Judgment for the plaintiff having been reversed in the Circuit Court of Appeals on the ground that any cause of action abated with the death of the sailor, the case was brought before the Supreme Court of the United States on a writ of certiorari. Held that, under the Jones Act (Merchant Marine Act), the cause of action survived to the personal representative. Cortes v. Baltimore Insular …
Trusts-Apportionment Of Dividends Between Life Beneficiaries And Remaindermen - Depletion Of Oil Reserve
Michigan Law Review
Stock in an oil company was left in trust to pay the income to life beneficiaries with remainder over. For income-tax purposes the company deducted from income a figure for depletion of oil reserve, but at the close of each year it added directly to surplus account the same amount which had been deducted for depletion. Since the books of the company thus indicated that its management did not regard the drawing of oil from its wells as reducing the value of its property the court held that dividends, so far as they are made out of this amount, should …
Trusts-Constructive Trust Upon Life Insurance Proceeds
Trusts-Constructive Trust Upon Life Insurance Proceeds
Michigan Law Review
King, the president of the plaintiff bank, embezzled money from the bank over a period of several years and then committed suicide. During this time he took out life insurance made payable to his wife and two children. He paid the premiums by writing checks on his bank account which at no time would have been sufficient to take care of the amount of the defalcation. The court held that there could be no trust declared upon the proceeds of the insurance in favor of the bank because the "main thing that created the fund was the suicide of the …
Banks And Banking - Changing Character Of Deposit To Establish Trust
Banks And Banking - Changing Character Of Deposit To Establish Trust
Michigan Law Review
Respondent had a savings account with a local bank and, having arranged that the bank should purchase certain bonds for him, made an additional deposit therein. Four days later respondent was informed by an officer of the bank that the bonds had been purchased and was given a slip noting that his account had been charged with an amount equal to the purchase price. On its own books the bank charged the respondent's savings account with that amount and entered it as a "deposit" in its "bond account." Upon the insolvency of the bank it was found that no bonds …
Constitutional Law - Due Process And Equal Protection - Freedom Of Contract
Constitutional Law - Due Process And Equal Protection - Freedom Of Contract
Michigan Law Review
Plaintiff denied the constitutionality of a statute declaring every settlement of a personal injury claim, retainer, or employment contract, made while the person injured is under disability from the effect of the injury, or within thirty days after the date of the injury, voidable at the option of the injured party within six months after the date of the injury. Held, that such a statute is constitutional, being neither a deprivation of property without due process of law nor a denial of the equal protection of the law. Peterson v. Panovitz, (N. D. 1932) 243 N. W. 798.
Jury-Evidence-Privilege Of Jury Deliberations
Jury-Evidence-Privilege Of Jury Deliberations
Michigan Law Review
The extent to which affidavits of jurors anent proceedings in the jury room can be used, when not aimed at impeaching their verdict, is a question upon which there is little affirmative authority. The law seems clear since Bushell's case that a juror cannot be punished for his finding of fact; what is more, his vote within the jury room as well as his debates seem to be privileged absolutely on grounds of policy.
Municipal Corporations - Effect Of The Lowest Responsible Bidder Statutes On "Local Labor" Provisions
Michigan Law Review
The plaintiff, a taxpayer, brought a bill to prevent the defendant from carrying out a contract with a certain construction company. The plaintiff alleged that the requirement in the proposal for bids that all laborers should have been residents of Delaware for at least six months prior to the awarding of the contract violated the lowest responsible bidder statute. Held, it not having been shown that the requirement would, as a matter pf fact, increase the cost, it therefore did not violate the statute, Ebbeson v. The Board of Public Education in Wilmington, (Del. 1931) 156 Atl. 286.
Sales-Breach Of Implied Warranty-Liability For Death
Sales-Breach Of Implied Warranty-Liability For Death
Michigan Law Review
The daughter of plaintiff's decedent purchased; from defendant retailer, a can of corned beef packed by a foreign concern for defendant packer. The latter's name and trademark appeared upon the can. Decedent, while eating some of the meat, swallowed a small piece of tin which apparently became detached from the can itself and became imbedded in the contents. Death followed the injury to decedent's esophagus, and an action was brought by the administrator against the retailer for breach of implied warranty, and against the packer for negligence. The trial court permitted a recovery against the retailer for damages accruing up …
Book Notes And Notices
Michigan Law Review
This department undertakes to list and, when possible, describe briefly current books on law.
Trade Restraints -- Anti-Trust Laws -- Common Selling Agency
Trade Restraints -- Anti-Trust Laws -- Common Selling Agency
Michigan Law Review
Many students of the decisions under the Sherman Anti-Trust Act have voiced the opinion that the Supreme Court has been using one measuring stick to determine the legality of a combination of competing industrial units which takes the form of a merger or consolidation with highly centralized management and control of all activities, and quite a different stick for judging a combination formed for the purpose of stabilizing prices and production through cooperation in one form or another between competing units which retain their independence so far as management and control of production and financing are concerned. Thus in the …
Practice And Procedure-Special Appearance-Waiver Of Objections To Service Of Process
Practice And Procedure-Special Appearance-Waiver Of Objections To Service Of Process
Michigan Law Review
The plaintiff brought suit in a South Dakota court against residents of Nebraska. The defendants, in what they designated as a special appearance, objected to the jurisdiction of the court both over their persons and over the subject-matter. The trial court held that by objecting to the jurisdiction over the subject-matter, the defendants waived the right to attack the jurisdiction over their persons and so had made a general appearance. The defendants elected to stand upon their jurisdictional pleas. A default judgment was entered against them and from that judgment they appealed. Held, that an appearance objecting to the …
Adequacy Of Strike Injunctions, J. P. Dawson
Adequacy Of Strike Injunctions, J. P. Dawson
Michigan Law Review
A book review of STRIKE INJUNCTIONS IN THE NEW SOUTH. By Duane McCracken.
Practice And Procedure - Conditional Judgments At Law - Validity And Advantages
Practice And Procedure - Conditional Judgments At Law - Validity And Advantages
Michigan Law Review
Some modern courts have asserted and many lawyers have assumed that in common law actions a court can not render a judgment conditional in form. It is argued that the court is without jurisdiction so to decide a case, and that in any event the common law has never recognized such a form of judgment as valid. The first point is not so difficult to disprove, and the second, so far as actual decision is concerned, is clearly incorrect." In several early cases common law courts were willing not only to stay execution of judgments until conditions were performed, but …
Practice And Procedure - Declaratory Judgments In The Federal Courts
Practice And Procedure - Declaratory Judgments In The Federal Courts
Michigan Law Review
The declaratory judgment by that name is comparatively new in legal procedure in this country. But it is in reality simply an extension of an old process. The power to declare the rights of the parties is inherent in courts of equity and has been exercised since ancient times in action to quiet title, to declare marriages valid or void, to annul divorces, to declare legitimacy or illegitimacy or determine heirship, to construe wills and trusts, and in other actions. A suit for a declaratory judgment in no wise differs from other suits save in the single respect of the …
Automobiles - Guest - Contributory Negligence
Automobiles - Guest - Contributory Negligence
Michigan Law Review
The plaintiff was a guest of the defendant in the latter's automobile during a night trip. With the knowledge and consent of the defendant the plaintiff went to sleep. While he was sleeping the defendant negligently wrecked the car and plaintiff was injured. Held, that the question as to whether or not such conduct constituted contributory negligence was one of fact for the jury. Nelson v. Nygren, (N. Y. 1932) 181 N. E. 52.