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Michigan Law Review

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The Collection Of Criminal Statistics In The United States, Raymond Moley May 1928

The Collection Of Criminal Statistics In The United States, Raymond Moley

Michigan Law Review

It is well known to those who have attempted to secure final reliable and significant statistical data concerning crime and the enforcement of the criminal law in the United States that only the barest outline of the American crime problem is shown by the data now obtainable. Such diversity exists among recording agencies that we can not safely compare cities and states in the amount of crime reported to the police; the characteristics of these crimes or of those arrested for their crimes are so inadequately kept that little sociological data are available; we can not from material now published …


Corporations-Repurchase Of Its Own Shares By A Corporation In Performane Of A Promise Forming Part Of The Contract Of Sale May 1928

Corporations-Repurchase Of Its Own Shares By A Corporation In Performane Of A Promise Forming Part Of The Contract Of Sale

Michigan Law Review

One Rosenthal entered the employ of the defendant corporation for two years at a salary of $10,000.00 per year; $75.00 per week to be paid in cash, and the balance to be paid in stock of the corporation at the end of each year. The contract contained a proviso that if the parties could not, at the end of the second year, reach an understanding for a continuation of the employment, the company would repurchase its shares at their par value. No such agreement was reached, and the company refused to take back its stock. Rosenthal brought his bill in …


Recent Important Decisions May 1928

Recent Important Decisions

Michigan Law Review

A collection of recent important court decisions.


Going Value And Rate Valuation, Ben W. Lewis May 1928

Going Value And Rate Valuation, Ben W. Lewis

Michigan Law Review

From the mere circumstance "that a controversy has been long kept on foot, and remains still undecided, we may presume that there is some ambiguity in the expression, and that the disputants affix different ideas to the terms employed ...... " Although David Hume was not here concerning himself with twentieth century utility regulation, his observation finds appropriate employment as a preface to a present day study of the problem of going value. The problem is an open one-temptingly open. Years of contention, an impressive array of publications by economists, attorneys, and engineers, and hundreds of opinions of courts and …


Taxation-May A Stats Levy A Tax On Acts Done Outside The State? May 1928

Taxation-May A Stats Levy A Tax On Acts Done Outside The State?

Michigan Law Review

Beginning with the great case of Union Transit Co. v. Kentucky, the Supreme Court has steadily advanced the principle that a state lacks power to tax property located out of the state. But the law, as to taxation of acts done out of the state, has not been so well worked out. It is believed that a recent decision of the court is of importance in this field. But first, a very brief review will be made of the more important cases marking steps in the working out of the problem.


Due Process Of Law In State Labor Legislation, Fowler Vincent Harper May 1928

Due Process Of Law In State Labor Legislation, Fowler Vincent Harper

Michigan Law Review

State interference with conditions of employment, as determined by the strength of the contracting parties, by imposing requirements calculated to protect the safety and health of employees, has not been without interruption from the courts. In the earlier cases, when organized labor was not strong enough to enforce the most reasonable demands without assistance from the legislature, the courts were wont to look with astute eye upon the infringement of liberty of contract thus resulting. When the reasoning started with the assumption that liberty of contract was the rule and the employment of the police power of the State the …


Constitutional Law-Eminent Domain-Judcial Review By Certiorari Apr 1928

Constitutional Law-Eminent Domain-Judcial Review By Certiorari

Michigan Law Review

In a previous number of this volume the holding of the supreme court of Michigan was discussed wherein sections 1 and 2, article 13, of the constitution of 1908 were held to make necessity as well as compensation a judicial question in eminent domain cases. Accordingly, in that case, the court held that the feature of the statute (P. A. 1925, No. 352) authorizing the state highway commissioner to make a conclusive determination of necessity, without notice and hearing to the landowner, and without judicial review, was unconstitutional.


Recent Important Decisions Apr 1928

Recent Important Decisions

Michigan Law Review

A collection of recent important court decisions.


Due Process Of Law In State Labor Legislation, Fowler Vincent Harper Apr 1928

Due Process Of Law In State Labor Legislation, Fowler Vincent Harper

Michigan Law Review

Any regulation on the part of the state of the relations between the laborer and his employer must necessarily deprive the one or the other of his liberty or property, by interfering with his freedom to contract. The protection of freedom of contract which the Constitution affords is not, however, an absolute right. There is nothing necessarily unconstitutional about such legislation unless it is "without due process of law." In other words, legislation of this kind is usually a valid regulation if it can be justified as coming within the due process of law provision.


Power Of Agricultural Co-Operative Associations To Limit Production, Milton J. Keegan Apr 1928

Power Of Agricultural Co-Operative Associations To Limit Production, Milton J. Keegan

Michigan Law Review

Farmers within recent years have recognized the necessity of combining in larger and still larger numbers, and great cooperative farm organizations have been formed, some of them with sales reaching $100,000,000 each year. These organizations in 1923 did a combined business estimated at $2,200,000,000. "Giant marketing associations, covering whole states, and even groups of states, have been organized with startling rapidity in the great cotton and tobacco growing states." Co-operative marketing legislation has given these groups great and far reaching powers to attain the end of making agriculture more profitable and to secure better returns to the producers of farm …


A New Application Of The Right Of Privacy Apr 1928

A New Application Of The Right Of Privacy

Michigan Law Review

The right of an individual to privacy in matters personal to him has again been expressly recognized by an interesting application of the doctrine in a recent Kentucky case. The defendant painted a sign on his garage window in large letters to the effect that "Dr. W. R. Morgan owes an account here of $49.67. And if promises would pay an account this account would have been settled long ago. This account will be advertised as long as it remains unpaid." The plaintiff brought suit for damages alleging great mental pain, humiliation, and mortification, and that it tended to expose …


Corporations-Right Of Majority To Amend Charter Under Reserved Right Of State Apr 1928

Corporations-Right Of Majority To Amend Charter Under Reserved Right Of State

Michigan Law Review

As everyone knows, the famous Dartmouth College case established, rightly or wrongly, that a corporate charter is a contract between the state and the corporation and the members of the corporation. Ever since that case the states have sought to avoid the resulting restrictions placed on the power to amend or repeal by the federal Constitution by expressly reserving the power at the time of incorporation.


Interstate Ferries And The Commerce Clause, C. M. Kneier Apr 1928

Interstate Ferries And The Commerce Clause, C. M. Kneier

Michigan Law Review

The Constitution of the United States confers upon Congress the power to regulate commerce among the several states; the transportation of passengers and freight across a navigable river from one state to another by ferryboat, however short the distance traversed, or frequent the trips made, is interstate commerce. It is the purpose of this study to point out what action Congress has taken under the power thus conferred upon it relative to interstate ferries and to determine the relative spheres of authority of the states and of the National Government over this subject.


Book Reviews Mar 1928

Book Reviews

Michigan Law Review

A collection of book reviews by multiple authors.


Tort Liability Of A Landlord, Raymond Harrison Harkrider Mar 1928

Tort Liability Of A Landlord, Raymond Harrison Harkrider

Michigan Law Review

The discussion thus far has dealt with the tort liability of a landlord for failing to perform some duty owed by him to persons upon the demised premises. There remains to be considered the tort liability of a landlord who fails to perform some duty owed by him to persons not upon the demised premises. The majority of the people composing this class are users of property adjoining that of the landlord. The cases dealing with the landlord's duties to persons upon the demised premises should always be distinguished from those dealing with his duties to persons using adjoining property. …


Anticipatory Repudiation Of Contracts And Necessity Of Election, L. Vold Mar 1928

Anticipatory Repudiation Of Contracts And Necessity Of Election, L. Vold

Michigan Law Review

Where a breach of contract takes place several courses of conduct are normally open to the aggrieved promisee. He may bring an action for damages. He often may rescind for the breach. He sometimes may sue for specific performance. He may accept later performance on account. He may try to persuade the defaulting party to live up to the contract. He may for the time being ignore both the contract and the breach. If he follows certain of these courses of conduct others may thereby become impossible. He thus has an election of remedies, a choosing between inconsistent courses of …


The Doctrine Of "Hot Pursuit"--A New Application Mar 1928

The Doctrine Of "Hot Pursuit"--A New Application

Michigan Law Review

A recent decision of the United States District Court for the District of South Carolina involves a point apparently unique in the records of international law. The Vinces, a schooner of British registry, laden with a cargo of intoxicating liquors not under seal, was discovered by the United States Coast Guard cutter Mascoutin seven and one-half miles off the coast and within one hour's sailing distance from the United States headed in the direction of land. On being hailed by the Mascoutin, the Vinces turned about and headed for the high seas. The cutter followed in continuous chase and overtook …


Recent Important Decisions Mar 1928

Recent Important Decisions

Michigan Law Review

A collection of recent important court decisions.


The Law Institute And The Teacher Of Law, Herbert F. Goodrich Feb 1928

The Law Institute And The Teacher Of Law, Herbert F. Goodrich

Michigan Law Review

The American Law Institute will soon be five years old. It is not necessary here to describe its aims and purposes; every law teacher knows of the state of our law that brought the Institute into being, and of the high hopes which are entertained of its influence and accomplishments. Beginnings have been made in Trusts and Property. Substantial progress has been shown in Agency, Contracts, Conflict of Laws, and Torts, as well as the code of criminal procedure. We have by this time an appreciable amount of the product of the body which is restating our law. How can …


Equity-Bill To Remove Cloud From Title Feb 1928

Equity-Bill To Remove Cloud From Title

Michigan Law Review

Plaintiff who was holder of a long term lease on the land and buildings in Chicago known as the Auditorium found that its plans for rebuilding so as to secure a return commensurate with its investment were seriously interfered with by the defendant lessors who took the position that wrecking the old building would constitute such waste as would work a forfeiture of the lease. The publicity of these claims, made the financial underwriters insist on a settlement of them before advances were made. Under this posture of affairs, the plaintiff filed a bill in the United States District Court …


The Case Of The S. S. "Lotus", George Wendell Berge Feb 1928

The Case Of The S. S. "Lotus", George Wendell Berge

Michigan Law Review

A momentous judgment was rendered by the Permanent Court of International Justice, sitting at the Hague, on September 7, 1927, in the Case of the S.S. Lotus. Interest in the case is especially manifest among students of international and maritime law, as well as others, because it is perhaps the first case to come before the Permanent Court in which the question for decision was a point of general international law. Thorough analysis and comment on the questions involved would fill a good-sized volume. Only a few observations can be made in this article on the merits of the …


Tort Liability Of A Landlord, Raymond Harrison Harkrider Feb 1928

Tort Liability Of A Landlord, Raymond Harrison Harkrider

Michigan Law Review

At Common Law. According to the rules of the common law a landlord is under no legal duty to repair the demised premises during the term unless he expressly agrees to do so. It therefore may be stated, as a general rule, that he is liable neither to the tenant nor to the tenant's invitees for injuries caused by the premises falling into a state of disrepair during the term.


Corporations-Debts In Excess Of Statuatory Limit Feb 1928

Corporations-Debts In Excess Of Statuatory Limit

Michigan Law Review

Business Corporations generally have the power to borrow money for the purpose of their ordinary business, and to give the customary evidence of the debt and security therefor. Such power can be limited only by statute or by the charter. Statutes frequently provide that corporations should not incur indebtedness in excess of some particular stated amount, usually a certain proportion of the capital stock. A recent Nebraska case allowed the lender full recovery from the guarantor of corporate notes given in exchange for a loan in excess of the statutory limit, holding that excessive indebtedness does not necessarily invalidate contract …


Constitutional Law-Methods Of Testing The Constitutionality Of Rate Status Involving Heavy Penalties Feb 1928

Constitutional Law-Methods Of Testing The Constitutionality Of Rate Status Involving Heavy Penalties

Michigan Law Review

Where a state statute prescribes maximum intrastate railroad rates and also attaches heavy penalties for violations of the statute by a railroad or its agents, and where a railroad thinks the rates are confiscatory and hence unconstitutional, it is faced with an apparent dilemma. Must it either submit to the supposed confiscatory rates or else run the chance of incurring heavy penalties in case the statute is held constitutional? Or, is there another alternative-a painless way of testing the validity of the rates?


International Law-Extraterritorial Criminal Jurisdiction Feb 1928

International Law-Extraterritorial Criminal Jurisdiction

Michigan Law Review

The importance of assertions of the right to punish extraterritorial crime is directly related to the advance of international commercial and social intercourse. The earliest serious attempts to assert such a jurisdiction date only from the eighteenth century. Now, practically every state exercises some degree of jurisdiction over offenses committed abroad. But the extent of the power claimed by the different nations varies so as to cause doubt as to what is the international rule on the subject.


Books Received Feb 1928

Books Received

Michigan Law Review

A list of books received by Michigan Law Review


Recent Important Decisions Feb 1928

Recent Important Decisions

Michigan Law Review

A collection of recent important court decisions.


Tort Liability Of A Landlord, Raymond Harrison Harkrider Jan 1928

Tort Liability Of A Landlord, Raymond Harrison Harkrider

Michigan Law Review

When a landowner leases his property to a tenant he looks upon the transaction as purely a business matter. He is seldom aware, perhaps, of the duties resting upon him, the breach of which may subject him to an action in tort. The relation created is one of the most common known to our law and gives rise to a multitude of problems. The courts in their business-like manner treat the law as well settled, and decide the cases as they are presented with very little discussion of the true principles involved. Legal scholars have discussed very little the tort …


The Influence Of Control In The Determination Of Partnership Liability, Scott Rowley Jan 1928

The Influence Of Control In The Determination Of Partnership Liability, Scott Rowley

Michigan Law Review

The influence of control in the determination of partnership liability raises many interesting questions. Particularly within the past decade or slightly more it has been considered by the courts, at times with considerable vigor and with little logic or historical background. A perusal of the texts on partnership discloses very little mention of control as a test of partnership. As a rule it has not earned a place in the indices. The digests are almost equally devoid of place for it. In the few older cases where it is considered at all, it is quite often treated as a poor …


The "Fence" Jan 1928

The "Fence"

Michigan Law Review

Whenever crime is discussed, one's attention is invariably called to the person who actually commits crime, such as the bandit, the murderer, the automobile thief, etc.; and whenever the so-called crime wave gains such proportions as to arouse the public to a state of indignation, laws are passed and reforms instituted to make more certain the punishment of such criminals. Very often, however, one of the most vicious enemies of society is forgotten, because he practices his nefarious profession hidden from the eye of the public and under a cloak of respectability. I refer to the one who receives the …