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Articles 7021 - 7050 of 8432
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Torts - Negligence -The Duty Element
Torts - Negligence -The Duty Element
Michigan Law Review
Plaintiff was the driver of a large motor coach which had skidded on an icy road and knocked down a telephone post, causing a wire, strung thereon, to sag across the road. Perceiving that defendant's approaching truck would run into the wire, plaintiff signalled defendant to stop, but defendant did not stop until his truck had struck the wire, pulling the pole over so that it hit the plaintiff. Held, one judge dissenting, that the question of defendant's negligence was for the jury. Kennedy v. Scott Transportation Co., (C. C. A. 2d, 1932) 60 F. (2d) 717.
Constitutional Law-Stare Decisis
Constitutional Law-Stare Decisis
Michigan Law Review
The defendant corporation, a lessee of school lands from the state of Oklahoma, protested the right of the Commissioner of Internal Revenue to tax its net income. Held, under the rule of Gillespie v. Oklahoma, the income cannot be taxed without interfering with a state instrumentality. Four dissenting justices-Stone, Brandeis, Roberts, and Cardozo--admitted the applicability but denied the wisdom of the Gillespie case and the inability of the court to overrule itself, in Burnet v. Coronado Oil and Gas Co.
Equity-Injunction Against Criminal Proceedings
Equity-Injunction Against Criminal Proceedings
Michigan Law Review
The possessor of certain slot machines filed a bill in equity to enjoin police interference with their operation. Although the machines, as operated, sold mints for each coin played and occasionally vended tokens which allegedly had no exchange value, they could be changed, by the removal of a pin, into an actual gambling device. The court held in Chambers v. Bachtel, that the bill should be dismissed.
Taxation-Federal Instrumentalities-Exemption From State Tax
Taxation-Federal Instrumentalities-Exemption From State Tax
Michigan Law Review
Appellant, a New York corporation which is engaged in Georgia in licensing copyrighted motion pictures, brought suit to restrain a Georgia tax upon the gross receipts of royalties. Appellant urged the invalidity of the tax upon the ground that copyrights are instrumentalities of the United States. The supreme court of Georgia ruled that the suit should be dismissed. On appeal to the Supreme Court of the United States it was held, in Fox Film Corporation v. Doyal, that a state tax on royalties derived from copyrights is valid.
Legislative Committees And Commissions In The United States, John A. Fairlie
Legislative Committees And Commissions In The United States, John A. Fairlie
Michigan Law Review
In the Congress of the United States and the legislatures of the forty-eight states committees composed of a limited number of members play an important part and to a large extent the predominant part, in legislation both by making preliminary inquiries and by planning the detailed provisions of measures. While important changes are at times made in the general sessions, the final result is in a large measure determined by the several committees. In most American legislative bodies there are numerous committees of various kinds, such as select committees for limited special purposes, standing committees regularly appointed, conference committees, and …
Limiting Jurisdiction Of Federal Courts-Pending Billscomment By Members Of Chicago University Law Faculty
Michigan Law Review
At the time the last session of Congress adjourned four important bills affecting the jurisdiction of federal district courts were being considered. The Norris-La Guardia bill would abolish the jurisdiction of federal district courts in suits of a civil nature "between citizens of different states." The Attorney General's bill would not eliminate any of the language of the first paragraph of section 24 of the Judicial Code but would add a provision that a foreign corporation carrying on business in a state other than the one wherein it was organized shall be treated as a citizen of the state wherein …
Constitutional Law-Conclusiveness Of Consent Of Senate To Presidential Appointment
Constitutional Law-Conclusiveness Of Consent Of Senate To Presidential Appointment
Michigan Law Review
On December 3, 1930, President Hoover submitted to the Senate the name of George Otis Smith as chairman and member of the Federal Power Commission, which Congress had created by an act approved June 23, 1930. On December 20, 1930, the Senate in open executive session voted to advise and consent to Smith's nomination. The president pro tem. announced that the President would be notified, and there was no objection. On the same day it was ordered that all resolutions of confirmation that day passed be forwarded "forthwith" to the President. The secretary of the Senate formally notified the …
Restrictive Indorsements
Michigan Law Review
Under Sec. 36 of the N. I. L. an indorsement is restrictive which prohibits further negotiation or constitutes the indorsee the agent of the indorser or vests the title in a trustee in trust for some other person. The mere absence of words importing a power to negotiate does not, however, make the indorsement restrictive. Among the rights of a restrictive indorsee as declared by Sec. 37 is the one to bring "any action thereon that the indorser could bring." The remaining provision of the statute dealing with such indorsements is Sec. 47, which provides that "An instrument negotiable in …
Comment Upon Failure Of Accused To Testify, Robert P. Reeder
Comment Upon Failure Of Accused To Testify, Robert P. Reeder
Michigan Law Review
Last year the American Law Institute and the American Bar Association adopted resolutions declaring that when the defendant in a criminal trial does not testify the prosecution should be permitted to comment upon that fact. They urged the overthrow of a rule of law which have prevailed in the federal courts ever since accused persons were first permitted to give testimony, over fifty years ago, and which has governed the courts of forty-two out of the forty-eight states. The discussions which preceded the adoption of the resolutions have been published. In them the advocates of the change do not show …
Injunctions Of State Courts Restraining Parties From Proceeding In The Tribunals Of Other States
Injunctions Of State Courts Restraining Parties From Proceeding In The Tribunals Of Other States
Michigan Law Review
It has long been accepted that a court of equity, acting in personam, can enjoin one over whom it has jurisdiction from bringing an action in a foreign tribunal. A nice question is presented when an effort is made to determine on what occasions the court will exercise that power. It is frequently said that it will be exercised but sparingly, and then only where a clear equitable right is established by the petitioner. This, in spite of the strong language commonly accompanying such statements, is no more than that which the court requires for the issuance of any …
Municipal Corporations-Power Of Board Of Appeals To Vary Application Of Zoning Ordinance
Municipal Corporations-Power Of Board Of Appeals To Vary Application Of Zoning Ordinance
Michigan Law Review
Although there was some dispute among the earlier authorities, it is the rule today that comprehensive zoning ordinances, if enacted under proper legislative authority, are constitutional and will be upheld in so far as they are reasonable in application. In order to give aggrieved property owners an opportunity to obtain relief upon the basis of the ordinance itself without attacking its constitutionality, it has become common practice to give the board of appeals the power to vary the operation of the ordinance in specific cases.
Contracts-Beneficiaries-Right Of Employee To Sue On A Contract Made Between Employer And Union
Contracts-Beneficiaries-Right Of Employee To Sue On A Contract Made Between Employer And Union
Michigan Law Review
Defendant agreed with an employees' union that its employees would not be discharged without cause or without a hearing. The plaintiff, who entered into an employment contract with the defendant for an indefinite term, was discharged by the latter without a hearing, and sued as a third party beneficiary for breach of the defendant's agreement with the union. Held, in Johnson v. Am. Ry Express Co., that this agreement was a valid third party beneficiary contract, and so enforcible by the plaintiff who was one of the parties intended to be benefited by it.
Constitutional Law-Public Purpose-Feed Loans To Destitute Farmers
Constitutional Law-Public Purpose-Feed Loans To Destitute Farmers
Michigan Law Review
Pursuant to a constitutional provision enabling such action, the Governor asked the supreme court of South Dakota the following question: "Could the legislature enact legislation which would permit the several counties as a county enterprise to raise funds either by supplemental budget or bond or warrant issues with which they might in turn furnish feed loans or even distribute feed as a part of a county poor relief system . . . ?" In answer to this question the court held, in In re Opinion of the Judges, that the furnishing of feed or feed loans to individuals …
Taxation-Constitutionality Of A Conclusive Presumption That A Transfer Executed Within A Limited Period Before Death Is Made In Contemplation Of Death
Michigan Law Review
Motion for a refund was made by the plaintiff on the ground that certain transfers made within two years preceding the death of the decedent should not have been taxed under the federal estate tax since they were not in fact made in contemplation of death. The defendant filed a demurrer on the ground that under the provisions of sec. 302 (c) of the Revenue Act of 1926, such transfers were taxable regardless of the motive impelling them. The section reads: "Where within two years prior to his death . . . and without such a consideration the decedent has …
Book Notes And Notices
Michigan Law Review
This department undertakes to list and, when possible, describe briefly current books on law.
Carriers-Power Of The Interstate Commerce Commission To Award Reparation On Rates Formerly Fixed As Reasonable
Michigan Law Review
In 1921 the Interstate Commerce Commission fixed a rate of 96.5 cents per cwt. as the maximum reasonable rate for the future on sugar between Phoenix, Arizona, and all points in California. In a subsequent attack on rates in 1925, the Commission found reasonable a still lower rate of 73 and 71 cents per cwt. from Northern and from Southern California, respectively, and awarded reparation for the amount by which the rates actually charged exceeded the new rates over a period from 1923 to 1925. From this order the carrier appealed on the ground that the Commission was precluded from …
Administrative Tribunals -Workmen's Compensation - Scope Of Federal Judicial Review Under Longshoremen's And Harbor Workers' Compensation Act
Michigan Law Review
The recent decision of Crowell v. Benson by the United States Supreme Court throws interesting light on the constitutionality of delegating final fact-finding powers to administrative tribunals. The case arose under the Longshoremen's and Harbor Workers' Compensation Act which gives deputy commissioners full authority to hear and determine all questions in respect to claims for compensation for disability or death resulting from injuries occurring on the navigable waters of the United States/ The act further provides that if the compensation order is "not in accordance with law" it "may be suspended or set aside in whole or in part, through …
Labor Injunctions-Federal Statute Defining And Limiting The Jurisdiction Of Courts Sitting In Equity
Labor Injunctions-Federal Statute Defining And Limiting The Jurisdiction Of Courts Sitting In Equity
Michigan Law Review
The latest effort of organized labor to protect itself against judicial interference in industrial disputes is to be found in the Norris anti-injunction bill, passed by Congress early this year and signed by the President on March 23, 1932. Its object is to limit the powers of federal courts at law and in equity, and chiefly to regulate the grant of federal injunctions in labor disputes. Similar legislation, state and federal, has encountered many obstacles, either by way of restrictive interpretation or through constitutional limitations. It is, therefore, interesting to examine not only the main provisions of the Norris Act …
Arrest For Crime -The Law's "Crazy Business"
Arrest For Crime -The Law's "Crazy Business"
Michigan Law Review
In the Wilbur Day case, the facts as presented by Time indicate that Day was in truth guilty of the felony for which he was arrested. Under the statute, therefore, the arrest was lawful and the case should not have been dismissed. The defendant's attorney appears, unfortunately, to have misled the trial judge.
Controlling The Production Of Oil, Donald H. Ford
Controlling The Production Of Oil, Donald H. Ford
Michigan Law Review
The present pressing need for controlling the production of oil is due to a variety of causes. The principal factors that have contributed to the existing situation to "the flood of oil that takes on the proportions of a national disaster'' are: (1) A rapid improvement in exploratory technique, geological and geophysical, which has resulted in "bringing in" too many new oil fields. (2) Enormous advances in the art of drilling, especially as regards rapidity of drilling and the depths attained. (3) Improved methods of refining which furnish an ever-increasing percentage of gasoline from. the crude. (4) The development of …
Federal Injunction Against Proceedings In State Courts: The Life History Of A Statute, Edgar Noble Durfee, Robert L. Sloss
Federal Injunction Against Proceedings In State Courts: The Life History Of A Statute, Edgar Noble Durfee, Robert L. Sloss
Michigan Law Review
The Judicial Code provides, in section 265, that "the writ of injunction shall not be granted by any court of the United States to stay proceedings in any court of a State," except where authorized by the Bankruptcy Act. This provision, minus the bankruptcy exception, first appeared in an act of 1793, amending the Judiciary Act of 1789. We know next to nothing of the parliamentary history of this statute. We do, however, know that the basic political issue in the framing of the Constitution was that of states' rights, the question how far the new government should be a …
Banks And Banking - Liability Of Stockholders For Debts In Insolvencies Occurring After Transfer Of Stock, Warren W. Kennerly
Banks And Banking - Liability Of Stockholders For Debts In Insolvencies Occurring After Transfer Of Stock, Warren W. Kennerly
Michigan Law Review
The effect of the holding of the Sanders case is of special interest at the present time because of the large number of recent bank failures. This decision may possibly result in former stockholders of Illinois state banks and the heirs of former stockholders being subjected to an assessment on stock that was disposed of several decades ago. The holding is applicable only to state banks, since national banks are not subject to state regulation. It would not be surprising if this Illinois holding should be followed in Nebraska, since the latter state has already based some of its rulings …
Judicial Examination Of The Accused-A Remedy For The Third Degree, Paul G. Kauper
Judicial Examination Of The Accused-A Remedy For The Third Degree, Paul G. Kauper
Michigan Law Review
In its report on "Lawlessness in Law Enforcement" the Wickersham Commission concludes that in the police systems of a number of American municipalities the "third degree" is very generally practiced as a means of extorting from accused persons under arrest confessions, incriminating statements, and other information of value to the police. The conclusion of the Commission confirms the results of private investigation made in the same field. It is true that the. methods of inquiry pursued by the Commission leave doubt as to the accuracy of some of the facts reported. But the quality of the evidence submitted as the …
Constitutional Law - Due Process-Business "Affected With A Public Interest''
Constitutional Law - Due Process-Business "Affected With A Public Interest''
Michigan Law Review
Ever since Munn v. Illinois there has been continuous dispute as to what regulation is deprivation of property without due process of law within the prohibition of the Fourteenth Amendment. In this first case Chief Justice Waite, discussing with approval prior statutes regulating the rates of chimney sweeps and of auctioneers, the price of bread, the charges of draymen and of hackneycabs, concluded that, if these might be regulated, surely so important a matter as the rates of the great grain elevators in Chicago might be subjected to regulation. The position taken was expressed by these sentences: "From this it …
Public Utilities -The Effect Of Recent Cases On The Control Of Public Utility Holding Companies
Public Utilities -The Effect Of Recent Cases On The Control Of Public Utility Holding Companies
Michigan Law Review
When the stock of a local utility company is owned by a holding company, difficult problems of regulation are presented to the state utilities commission. The commission can still control the rates which the local utility can charge, but, usually it cannot directly control the holding company which is a private business or is engaged in interstate commerce. Yet some control over the holding company is necessary for the effective control of the local utilities, and recent years have witnessed several attempts on the part of state commissions to obtain this control. So far they have not been entirely successful.
Evidence-Corroboration In Criminal Cases
Evidence-Corroboration In Criminal Cases
Michigan Law Review
On the night of September 12, 1931, Mrs. Thalia Massie, while walking unescorted along a road near Honolulu, was forced into a car, taken to a lonely spot, and attacked by five young men. The five alleged attackers were placed on trial for rape. The jury was unable to reach a verdict and a mistrial was declared.
Constitutional Law-Criminal Procedure-Comment By Judge On Evidence
Constitutional Law-Criminal Procedure-Comment By Judge On Evidence
Michigan Law Review
In the recent case of People v. Kelly, the Illinois supreme court decided (two justices dissenting) that the common law right of a judge, in charging the jury, to comment on the evidence and advise as to the facts was not an essential attribute of trial by jury as it, existed at common law, and held that a statute limiting the charge strictly to matters of law was not an infringement of the right of trial by jury guaranteed by successive Illinois constitutions. The court also decided, in upholding the legislative enactment, that this restriction of the functions of …
Constitutional Law - Redistricting For Congressional Elections - Lawmaking Power Of The State
Constitutional Law - Redistricting For Congressional Elections - Lawmaking Power Of The State
Michigan Law Review
By the latest reapportionment of the House of Representatives (tit. 2, U. S. C. A., art. 2a), passed in 1929, Minnesota received one less representative than it had had by the previous apportionment (Act of 1911, tit. 2, U. S. C. A., sec. 2). The state legislature of Minnesota passed an act dividing the state into congressional districts in accordance with this apportionment, and the governor vetoed the bill. Thereupon the state house of representatives, by resolution, directed the secretary of state to enroll the bill as a law on the ground that the veto of the governor was a …
Receivers - Extraterritorial Powers
Receivers - Extraterritorial Powers
Michigan Law Review
In these days of financial stress, the question of the extraterritorial powers of a receiver becomes especially acute. Though to the business man state lines have lost their significance, the lawyer is still confronted with independent sovereignties, both federal and state, each jealously safeguarding its own particular province. Receivers, appointed for an insolvent corporation or for a judgment debtor, seek to recover assets situated in foreign jurisdictions. Economy and expediency dictate the prevention of a dismemberment of the estates and the saving of expensive ancillary receiverships by a personal pursual on the part of the home receivers of those outlying …
Pleading - Joinder Of Parties - Successive Converters
Pleading - Joinder Of Parties - Successive Converters
Michigan Law Review
A chattel mortgagee brought an action for conversion against successive purchasers of mortgaged property, wrongfully sold by the mortgagor. Held, the joinder was improper. Each defendant was guilty of a separate conversion giving rise to a separate cause of action. They cannot be joined as each cause does not affect both defendants. Warren, J., dissented, Northern Finance Corp. v. Midwest Commercial Credit Co. et al. (S. D. 1931) 239 N. W. 242.