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Articles 6991 - 7020 of 8523
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Torts - Contribution Between Joint Tortfeasors - Right Of Insurer To Contribution
Torts - Contribution Between Joint Tortfeasors - Right Of Insurer To Contribution
Michigan Law Review
One C negligently drove her car into an obstruction on the highway placed there by defendant. The accident occurred at night and the defendant had failed to place a light on the obstruction to indicate its presence to motorists. At the time of the accident M was a guest in C's car and suffered injuries as a result of the collision. Plaintiff, insurance carrier for C, settled with M for the injuries sustained and obtained a release covering the liability of all parties. Plaintiff as subrogee of C's rights brought the present action to recover contribution from …
Book Notes
Michigan Law Review
This department undertakes to list and, when possible, describe briefly current books on law and matters closely related thereto.
Constitutional Law - Due Process - Fishing Rights In The Public Waters Of Michigan
Constitutional Law - Due Process - Fishing Rights In The Public Waters Of Michigan
Michigan Law Review
The Ne-Bo-Shone Association, Inc., is an Ohio corporation which owns property on both banks of the Pine River for some distance. Following the decision of the Michigan Supreme Court in Collins V. Gerhardt that the stream is navigable and public, the complainant association was ordered to remove obstructions in the stream which hampered the free use of the stream by the public for fishing purposes. Thereupon complainant sought an in junction against certain public officials from taking action to remove these obstructions, claiming that it has the right to exclude the public from this portion of the Pine River, and …
Segregation Of Residences Of Negroes, Arthur T. Martin
Segregation Of Residences Of Negroes, Arthur T. Martin
Michigan Law Review
Most white people do not want Negroes for neighbors. For many years this race prejudice alone seemed adequate to secure the type of domiciliary segregation which the majority desired. In recent years, however, Negro incursions into so-called white territory have become more numerous, and white landowners have resorted to legal devices to secure race exclusiveness in residential sections. In considering the validity of these segregation devices the courts have not ordinarily purported to take into account the social desirability of the end sought. No examination has been made of the factors back of Negro migration into white territory. No thought …
Minority Stockholders And The Amendment Of Corporate Charters, Edward O. Curran
Minority Stockholders And The Amendment Of Corporate Charters, Edward O. Curran
Michigan Law Review
Professor Dodd has remarked that "few branches of corporation law are in a more confused and unsatisfactory state than that relating to the right of minority stockholders to prevent amendments to the corporate charter, to which they have not given their assent, from becoming operative." One of the reasons for this confusion is the fact that some of the cases which still serve as precedents were decided at a time when it was not the usual practice to reserve the power to alter, amend, or repeal corporate charters. The principles of these early cases have been carried over and applied …
Organized Labor And The Recovery Act, Emmett B. Mcnatt
Organized Labor And The Recovery Act, Emmett B. Mcnatt
Michigan Law Review
The enactment of the National Industrial Recovery Act last June inevitably has brought to the fore a number of questions which as yet remain unanswered, including those connected with the application and interpretation of Section 7(a) of the Recovery Act, the subject of this article. Under this section, hailed by labor as a "new Magna Charta," employees are apparently given two interrelated rights - the right to organize with no discrimination against them by employers as a result thereof, and the right to collective bargaining through representatives of their own choosing. Employers are prohibited from interfering with such rights through …
Constitutional Law - Power To Enact Federal Securities Act Of 1933
Constitutional Law - Power To Enact Federal Securities Act Of 1933
Michigan Law Review
The scope and implications of the Securities Act of 1933 have been set out in a recent issue of this Review. Broadly, the Act regulates the issue and sale of securities by requiring registration thereof with the Federal Trade Commission, by specifying certain data to be included in prospectuses relating to such securities, and by imposing sanctions in the form of penal and civil liabilities. The Act purports to be an exercise of the Congressional power "to regulate . . . commerce among the several states" and "to establish post offices and post roads." Various constitutional questions are involved but …
Constitutional Law-Price-Fixing - Changing Attitudes
Constitutional Law-Price-Fixing - Changing Attitudes
Michigan Law Review
The urgent need for rebuilding and readjusting our economic system has forced the various governments to devise methods by which to achieve those ends. The legislative enactments resulting from the efforts to bring about a "recovery" are destined to be challenged on the due process ground. The public is keenly concerned not alone in the practicality of the methods selected, but in their constitutionality as well. The recent case of Nebbia v. People is not only of interest to the lawyer; it was accepted as "good copy" in leading lay publications. The Supreme Court affirmed the conviction of one Nebbia, …
Corporations - Right Of Minority Stockholders To Interfere In Corporate Management
Corporations - Right Of Minority Stockholders To Interfere In Corporate Management
Michigan Law Review
In determining the relationship between the majority and minority stockholders of a corporation, the courts are faced with the problem of striking a correct balance between the rights of the plaintiff stockholder, who alleges that he is being oppressed by the majority, and the rights of the majority, acting through the regular corporate machinery, who allege that the corporation is being harassed by a troublesome minority. It is necessary to protect the minority from the machinations of those in control; it is likewise necessary to protect the corporation, as controlled by the majority, from the blackmailer who holds a few …
Book Notes
Michigan Law Review
This department undertakes to list and, when possible, describe briefly current books on law and matters closely related thereto.
Sales - Implied Warranty Of Fitness - Restaurateur
Sales - Implied Warranty Of Fitness - Restaurateur
Michigan Law Review
Defendant, proprietor of a hotel and dining room, served unwholesome food to the plaintiff who became ill as a result of its impurity. The plaintiff sued for the damages resulting from his illness, on the theory that there was an implied warranty that the food was fit for human consumption. Held, the serving of food for immediate consumption on the premises was not a "sale" within the Uniform Sales Act, and therefore there was no warranty attached under the terms of the Act, and there was no implied warranty of fitness of food so served at common law. Lynch …
The Securities Act Of 1933, Laylin K. James
The Securities Act Of 1933, Laylin K. James
Michigan Law Review
In 1907 a Pennsylvania superior court stated in one of its opinions that, "'there is no reason why a man should not be a fool.' As a corollary to that saying, it may be added that there is no reason why a court should protect a fool against the result of his folly. No new feature of rapacity in the buyer is apparent in this instance [ the purchase of property worth $ 5,000 prospectively for $ 500] to make him a worse offender against the law of fair dealing than an army of Shy locks who have preceded him. …
The Equitable Lien As A Remedy For Breach Of Contract
The Equitable Lien As A Remedy For Breach Of Contract
Michigan Law Review
Modern decisions have developed the equitable lien as an important procedural device alongside the equitable remedies of constructive trust and subrogation, with both of which it is intimately connected. The equitable lien or charge, enforceable by foreclosure and sale, is in many situations the most convenient and flexible device for enforcing equitable obligations. A sphere of activity in which it has already proved useful, and in which its usefulness may increase, is in the field of breach of contract. The equitable lien here provides an intermediate ground between affirmative specific performance and complete rescission.
Corporations - Duty Of Director To Stockholder On Stock Exchange Sales
Corporations - Duty Of Director To Stockholder On Stock Exchange Sales
Michigan Law Review
The recent case of Goodwin v. Agassiz presents the problem of the duty owed by a director to existing and prospective stockholders in its most typical and difficult form. The defendants were president and general manager, respectively, as well as directors of the Cliff Mining Corporation which owned mineral lands in Northern Michigan. The stock of the corporation was listed on the Boston Stock Exchange. The defendants in their capacity of directors had knowledge of a geologist's report which forecast possible existence of copper deposits in the corporation's lands. The defendants were also directors of another mining corporation owning lands …
Highways - Underpass As Highway Use
Highways - Underpass As Highway Use
Michigan Law Review
The defendant was the owner of a gravel pit, separated from his railway shipping facilities by a highway, the fee of a portion of which was owned by the plaintiff. A bill was filed to restrain the construction under the highway of a passageway between the railroad and the gravel pit, permission for which construction had been granted by the state highway commissioner. The bill was dismissed, and on appeal, held, by an evenly-divided court, that the judgment be affirmed. Grand Rapids Gravel Co. v. William J. Breen Gravel Co., 262 Mich. 365, 247 N. W. 902 (1933).
The Evolution And Devolution Of Public Utility Law, Edwin C. Goddard
The Evolution And Devolution Of Public Utility Law, Edwin C. Goddard
Michigan Law Review
As long ago as 1873, and very likely even earlier, courts were speaking of the public utility in the sense of the public convenience or advantage, a New Jersey court saying, "these prerogatives (of railway corporations) are grants from the government, and public utility is the consideration for them." This has been often quoted by other courts, notably by your Judge Atherton in the famous case of Scofield v. Railway in 1885. But the term "public utility'' as applied to plants or corporations rendering a public service is very new. It is not to be found in the 1904 edition …
Banks And Banking - Public Moneys As Preferred Claims
Banks And Banking - Public Moneys As Preferred Claims
Michigan Law Review
The State claims a preference in the assets of an insolvent bank on the basis of sovereign prerogative. Held, that the State has no preference now because the prerogative right has been abrogated: first, by the passing of a comprehensive state banking law; and second, by a constitutional provision giving bill holders of insolvent banks preference in payment over all other creditors. Fry, State Treasurer v. Equitable Trust Co., 264 Mich. 165, 249 N. W. 619 (1933). (Potter and McDonald, JJ., dissenting).
Carriers -Airplanes - Right To Limit Liability By Contract
Carriers -Airplanes - Right To Limit Liability By Contract
Michigan Law Review
Defendant corporation conducted a regular airplane passenger service between Miami and Tampa, Florida. Deceased purchased an ordinary passenger ticket at the regular price and, in the course of the trip, was killed due to the negligence of defendant's pilot. There was a stipulation in the ticket which all passengers were required to sign that "the company's liability is limited to $10,000." Wife of deceased sued for the negligent death and recovered a judgment in excess of $10,000. Held, that defendant was a common carrier, and, therefore, could not compel a passenger to release it of its legal liability. Curtis-Wright …
Divorce - Alimony - Modification Of Decree - Impairment Of Obligation Of Contracts
Divorce - Alimony - Modification Of Decree - Impairment Of Obligation Of Contracts
Michigan Law Review
A decree of divorce, following the terms of a prior agreement between the parties, ordered the defendant husband to assign to the plaintiff an insurance policy and pay her $105 per month as long as she remained unmarried. Later, the court upon the defendant's petition reduced the monthly allowance to $90, finding that the defendant's earnings had been diminished and that his remarriage had precipitated new family obligations and debts. Upon appeal of both parties, held, that the court had the power to modify the decree to conform to the changed conditions of the parties, and this modification did …
Future Interests - Federal Estate Tax - Admissibility Of Evidence Of Barrenness Of Devisee
Future Interests - Federal Estate Tax - Admissibility Of Evidence Of Barrenness Of Devisee
Michigan Law Review
In an inquiry as to the value of an executory bequest to charitable institutions, conditioned on the death of the testator's daughter without issue surviving her, was evidence that at the time of the testator's death she had been rendered incapable of bearing children admissible for the purpose of determining the amount of a deduction from the federal estate tax? Held, that such evidence was admissible. United States v. Provident Trust Co., (U. S. 1934) 54 Sup. Ct. 389.
Book Notes
Michigan Law Review
This department undertakes to list and, when possible, describe briefly current books on law and matters closely related thereto.
Insurance - Concept Of Indemnity As Limiting Recovery On Fire Insurance Policies
Insurance - Concept Of Indemnity As Limiting Recovery On Fire Insurance Policies
Michigan Law Review
In the case of Savarese v. Ohio Farmers' Insurance Co. the New York Court of Appeals recently held that a mortgagee, insured against fire loss under a standard mortgagee clause inserted in the policy of the owner, could recover on the policy despite the fact that the owner had gratuitously completely restored the premises after the fire. The court reasoned that to deny recovery would be to permit an act of the owner (mortgagor) to defeat the rights of the mortgagee, in contravention of the terms of the mortgagee clause; also that while a mortgagee has an insurable interest only …
Municipal Corporations - Power To License - Discretionary Power In Administrative Officers
Municipal Corporations - Power To License - Discretionary Power In Administrative Officers
Michigan Law Review
The City Council of Philadelphia enacted an ordinance requiring as many officers or firemen as the Director of Public Safety should deem necessary to be present at all athletic contests for profit, and further provided that the officers or firemen so stationed should be compensated at the rate of $5.50 per day by those persons requiring or demanding such service. The plaintiff brought this suit in equity to declare invalid and restrain the enforcement of the ordinance. The lower court held that the ordinance was invalid, but the supreme court reversed this decision and held that this was a valid …
Primary Elections And The Constitution, Luther Harris Evans
Primary Elections And The Constitution, Luther Harris Evans
Michigan Law Review
Recent attempts in Texas and elsewhere to exclude Negro voters from primary elections reveal the unsettled state of constitutional law in this field. Two struggles of principle, individualism versus police power and States' rights versus nationalism, are outlined in the judicial opinions reviewed below under the following headings: (I) Basis of state power over primaries; (II) Limitations on state power over primaries imposed by the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments; (III) Basis of state power over primaries for nominating United States Senators and Representatives; and (IV) Basis of national power over primaries for nominating United States Senators and Representatives.
Criminal Law And Procedure-Former Jeopardy-Tests Of "Same Offence
Criminal Law And Procedure-Former Jeopardy-Tests Of "Same Offence
Michigan Law Review
The provision in the state and federal constitutions that one may not be put in jeopardy twice for the same offense is merely declaratory of the common law, and is in effect in all jurisdictions. However, there is often great difficulty in determining when offenses are the same. Several tests to determine the identity of offenses have been employed.
Certain Evasive And Protective Devices Affecting Succession To Decedents' Estates, Alvin Evans
Certain Evasive And Protective Devices Affecting Succession To Decedents' Estates, Alvin Evans
Michigan Law Review
In Anglo-American law for many generations the power of an owner of property to determine the disposal of his estate at death has met with but comparatively few limitations. The statute creating this power was motivated by the assumption that the interest of the owner, reaching even beyond death, is paramount to other social interests. This power is an important item in a capitalistic system. And even if he does not exercise his power, the decedent may rest assured that another statute will do for him approximately what he may be supposed to have desired.
Conflict Of Laws-Jurisdiction In Rem Of Documented Claims
Conflict Of Laws-Jurisdiction In Rem Of Documented Claims
Michigan Law Review
A court has jurisdiction in rem over any res of which it has physical control. But does physical control of a document carry with it the control of the chose in action which it represents? This involves an inquiry as to what extent the chose in action is embodied in the document, to what extent the certificate is itself the res or property. Answers to this question have varied with the type of document and even with the type of suit in which the problem has arisen.
Constitutional Law-Right To Competition
Constitutional Law-Right To Competition
Michigan Law Review
The appellee was engaged in the business of selling natural gas. A rival utility entered the field duplicating the plant and facilities of the appellee and established with the consent of the Public Service Commission a rate lower than the prevailing rate charged by the appellee. In an attempt to retain its customers against the lower prices of its competitor the appellee lowered its rate several times. The appellants finally ordered the appellee to submit evidence as to the reasonableness of its rates. Upon investigation the Public Service Commission found that the business in the territory was capable of supporting …
Searches And Seizures - Reasonableness Of Arrest - Use Of Evidence Secured Through Unreasonable Arrest- Statutory Changes
Michigan Law Review
Police officers patrolling Detroit streets in a radio-equipped police car stopped a taxicab in which defendants Stein and Massie were riding. From the statement of the court, the officers' attention was attracted to the cab "because it was 'driving pretty fast,' about 32 miles per hour." The police car pursued it for a block or more; as it drew abreast of the cab defendant Stein was seen to reach into his pocket as if to take something out and put it behind him. "There was something about the cab, probably aside from its speed, which suggested to officer Sullivan that …
Torts - Libel Per Se - Liability Of Newspaper For Republication
Torts - Libel Per Se - Liability Of Newspaper For Republication
Michigan Law Review
A news item published in a newspaper owned by the .defendant stated falsely that the plaintiff was being held in jail on a charge of forgery. From a judgment for plaintiff the defendant appealed. Held, the defamatory statement was "libellous per se," and the defendant was liable though the information was received through a reliable news-gathering agency and was printed without malice. Oklahoma Publishing Co. v. Givens, (C. C. A. 10th, 1933) 67 F. (2d) 62.