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Competition And Cooperation, Saul Levmore
Competition And Cooperation, Saul Levmore
Michigan Law Review
When do competitors share assets and other opportunities for mutual gain? Conversely, when do they prefer to distinguish themselves by establishing firm boundaries that produce a minimum of sharing or cooperation despite potential gains from trade? Why, for example, do competing law schools in a single city cooperate so little in offering joint programs and economizing on certain costs even as they use the same casebooks in their courses and borrow from one another's libraries? Why do two competing auto makers rarely sell one another components or use the same expert advertising agency or law firm but then quite often …
Rights Against Rules: The Moral Structure Of American Constitutional Law, Matthew D. Adler
Rights Against Rules: The Moral Structure Of American Constitutional Law, Matthew D. Adler
Michigan Law Review
The Bill of Rights, by means of open-ended terms such as "freedom of speech," "equal protection," or "due process," refers to moral criteria, which take on constitutional status by virtue of being thus referenced. We can disagree about whether the proper methodology for judicial application of these criteria is originalist or nonoriginalist. The originalist looks, not to the true content of the moral criteria named by the Constitution, but to the framers' beliefs about that content; the nonoriginalist tries to determine what the criteria truly require, and ignores or gives less weight to the framers' views. Bracketing this disagreement, however, …
Books Received, Michigan Law Review
Books Received, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
A list of books recenlty received by Michigan Law Review.
Food Stamp Trafficking: Why Small Groceries Need Judicial Protection From The Department Of Agriculture (And From Their Own Employees), Elliot Regenstein
Food Stamp Trafficking: Why Small Groceries Need Judicial Protection From The Department Of Agriculture (And From Their Own Employees), Elliot Regenstein
Michigan Law Review
A neon sign in the window of 7-Van Drugs reads "Food Stamps," but the contradictory truth is posted inside on a handwritten sign taped to a thick pane of bulletproof plastic. 7-Van Drugs sits at the intersection of Seven Mile Road and Van Dyke in northern Detroit, where it has "serv[ ed] the community since 1948 at the same corner." Inside 7-Van is an array of staple foods and basic household cleaning items, and there is a small pharmacy in the back. Customers must use a turnstile to pass their purchases through the bulletproof plastic to the cashier. There are …
Reply: Is Ignorance Of Fact An Excuse Only For The Virtuous?, Dan M. Kahan
Reply: Is Ignorance Of Fact An Excuse Only For The Virtuous?, Dan M. Kahan
Michigan Law Review
Professor Yeager's thoughtful response to my essay has convinced me that there is indeed a connection worth noting between the mistake of law doctrine and the mistake of fact doctrine. Yeager suggests that my position on mistake of law reduces to the view that someone who would be guilty of a "lesser wrong" were things as he perceived them to be may be punished for the "greater wrong" that he actually commits - a conception of mistake of fact that has provoked fierce denunciation from commentators. But I would in fact put things slightly differently: under both doctrines courts excuse …
Kahan On Mistakes, Daniel Yeager
Kahan On Mistakes, Daniel Yeager
Michigan Law Review
In Ignorance of Law Is an Excuse - but Only for the Virtuous, Professor Dan Kahan reconciles what I had thought was an irreconcilable body of law. To be sure, imposing order on whether and when mistakes of law should pass as responsibility-evading accounts of untoward actions is far from light work. Yet Kahan somehow pulls it off in just twenty-seven pages. In addition to acknowledging the importance of Professor Kahan's essay, I write here to point out if not correct what might have been two oversights in his view of the meaning and operation of mistakes. First, Kahan never …
Race, Rights, And Remedies In Criminal Adjudication, Pamela S. Karlan
Race, Rights, And Remedies In Criminal Adjudication, Pamela S. Karlan
Michigan Law Review
Once upon a time, back before the Warren Court, criminal procedure and racial justice were adjacent hinterlands in constitutional law's empire. In 1954, the fifth edition of Dowling's constitutional law casebook contained one chapter on "procedural due process" in which six of the eight cases were about criminal justice, and three of those - Powell v. Alabama, Moore v. Dempsey, and Bailey v. Alabama - were as much about race as they were about crime. A few pages later, two slender chapters on the "national protection of civil rights" and "equal protection of the laws" contained seven and nine decisions, …
"We The People" And Our Enduring Values, Susan Bandes
"We The People" And Our Enduring Values, Susan Bandes
Michigan Law Review
Akhil Amar chides legal scholars for believing that the current system of criminal procedure, both substantive and remedial, is constitutionally compelled. He writes, "Scholars should know better, but too few of those who write in criminal procedure do serious, sustained scholarship in constitutional law generally, or in fields like federal jurisdiction and remedies" (p. 115). Amar believes, as I do, that criminal procedure has been impoverished by its failure to connect to "larger themes of constitutional, remedial and jurisdictional theory" (p. 115). But as one who has done serious, sustained scholarship in all the areas Amar mentions - or so …
Amending The Constitution, Erwen Chemerinsky
Amending The Constitution, Erwen Chemerinsky
Michigan Law Review
The ultimate measure of a constitution is how it balances entrenchment and change. On the one hand, a constitution differs from all other laws in that it is much more difficult to revise. For example, the next session of Congress can amend or repeal a statute, but altering the U.S. Constitution requires a complex process involving supermajorities of both houses of Congress and the states. A constitution thus reflects a desire to place a society's core values of governance - such as the structure of government and the rights of individuals - in a document that is hard to revise. …
The Future Of Enterprise Organizations, Eric W. Orts
The Future Of Enterprise Organizations, Eric W. Orts
Michigan Law Review
Both the law and business schools at the University of Michigan offer a basic course in Enterprise Organization. This tradition owes to the influence of Professor Alfred Conard, one of the leading scholars of his generation, who taught during most of his career at the University of Michigan Law School. The tradition persists in part because Enterprise Organization suggests an appropriately broad view of its topic, unlike more common course titles such as Corporations or Business Associations. We live in a world populated not only by people but also the organized legal entities we create. Business firms and nonprofit organizations …
An Outsider's View Of Common Law Evidence, Roger C. Park
An Outsider's View Of Common Law Evidence, Roger C. Park
Michigan Law Review
same line by a Newton. There have been improvements since Bentham's jeremiad. But Anglo-American evidence law is still puzzling. It rejects the common-sense principle of free proof in favor of a grotesque jumble of technicalities. It has the breathtaking aspiration of regulating inference by rule, causing it to exalt the foresight of remote rulemakers over the wisdom of on-the-spot adjudicators. It departs from tried-and-true practices of rational inquiry, as when it prohibits courts from using categories of evidence that are freely used both in everyday life and in the highest affairs of state. Sometimes it seems to fear dim light …
Character, Conscience, And Destiny, G. Gordon Liddy
Character, Conscience, And Destiny, G. Gordon Liddy
Michigan Law Review
In authoring the definitive biography of Archibald Cox, Professor Ken Gormley has also favored us with a study of character, its formation, and its effect upon history. What is more, he has demonstrated once again that while events may present men with opportunity, men make history and not vice versa. Into the bargain, Mr. Gormley offers yet more proof of the correctness of Heraclitus's dictum, "character is destiny." As the author is human, the book has its faults. They range from the mere erroneous use of language (misusing "smells" for "odors" (pp. 59, 307), misusing "anxious" for "eager" (p. 46), …
Police And Thieves, Rosanna Cavallaro
Police And Thieves, Rosanna Cavallaro
Michigan Law Review
What is it about New York City that has, in the last few years, spawned a series of books attacking the criminal justice system and describing a community in which victims' needs are compelling while the rights of the accused are an impediment to justice? Why does this apocalyptic vision of the system persist, despite statistics demonstrating the sharpest decline in the city's and the nation's crime rates in decades? What explains the acute detachment from the accused that is at the core of this series of books? In Virtual Justice: The Flawed Prosecution of Crime in America, Richard Uviller …
How Many Libertarians Does It Take To Fix The Health Care System?, Thomas L. Greaney
How Many Libertarians Does It Take To Fix The Health Care System?, Thomas L. Greaney
Michigan Law Review
There's an old joke about a Southern preacher who is asked whether he believes in the sacrament of infant baptism. "Believe in it?" thunders the preacher. "Hell, son, I've seen it done." In Mortal Peril: Our Inalienable Right to Health Care?, Richard Epstein gives testimony that markets should be left unfettered to distribute health care services. Arguing from first principles, he aims to persuade that the messy, confusing business of health care is best dealt with by simple legal rules: permit free contracting, countenance no government-induced subsidies, recognize no positive rights. One leaves this particular revival tent feeling he …
Retroactive Trials And Justice, Stephan Landsman
Retroactive Trials And Justice, Stephan Landsman
Michigan Law Review
Seamus Heaney's moving words remind us that we live in an extraordinary time when, at sites of grave injustice ranging from the halls of government of Argentina and South Africa to the killing fields of Bosnia and Rwanda, "The longed-for tidal wave/Of justice can rise up,/And hope and history rhyme." Writers have attempted, in very different ways, to come to terms with the swelling of the tide of justice. For example, the philosopher Alan Rosenbaum, in a recent book about the prosecution of Nazi war criminals, argues that virtually every person implicated in the Nazis' genocidal assault on Europe's Jews …
Lessons From The Fall, Andrea D. Lyon
Lessons From The Fall, Andrea D. Lyon
Michigan Law Review
This book is both better and worse than one would expect. It is the story of Sol Wachtler, former Chief Judge of New York State Court of Appeals. Wachtler had an extramarital affair with a woman for whom he had been appointed executor, and after the breakup he stalked her with letters, phone calls, and threats. Eventually he was convicted of extortion and sent to prison. His fall from power is what fascinates us, of course, but that is not what is valuable about this book. It answers an outsider's questions about the prison experience, seems to reflect accurately the …
Lawyers, Judges, And The Public Interest, John M. Payne
Lawyers, Judges, And The Public Interest, John M. Payne
Michigan Law Review
Chares Haar, the Louis D. Brandeis Professor of Law Emeritus at the Harvard Law School and a certified elder statesman of the housing and land-use community, was one of those scholar-politicians of the 1960s who spun out innovative theories in law reviews and then moved into government to see them applied. His generation inspired mine to pursue law as a means to serve the public interest. But the days of the Kennedy brothers' Camelot are long past. Today, big government and "big courts" alike are seen as parts of the problem. In the more austere political climate of the 1990s, …
Public Choice Theory And The Fragmented Web Of The Contemporary Administrative State, Jim Rossi
Public Choice Theory And The Fragmented Web Of The Contemporary Administrative State, Jim Rossi
Michigan Law Review
Since World War II, public choice theory - defined broadly as the application of the assumptions and methodology of microeconomics to describe or predict the way public officials exercise power - has grown from a fledgling movement, gaining mainstream acceptance and respect for its insights into voting behavior, judicial decisionmaking, and other public actions. Although a theory first explored by economists and political scientists, public choice's normative insights have earned credibility in recent years in academic legal literature. Public choice's acceptance in the law school curriculum is demonstrated by the recent publication of course material on the topic. However, despite …
Review Of The Appearance Of Impropriety: How The Ethics Wars Have Undermined American Government, Business, And Society, By Peter W. Morgan And Glenn H. Reynolds., Jordan B. Hansell
Review Of The Appearance Of Impropriety: How The Ethics Wars Have Undermined American Government, Business, And Society, By Peter W. Morgan And Glenn H. Reynolds., Jordan B. Hansell
Michigan Law Review
Rameshwar Sharma needed cash to continue his research on two proteins, alpha2A and alpha2GC, so he turned to the federal government. At the time he submitted his grant application, Sharma had completed a good deal of work on alpha2A but very little on alpha2GC At some point while typing his forty-six page grant application, Sharma realized that repeatedly typing alpha2A and alpha2GC was annoying. To ease his pain, he created macro keys that he could hit whenever he wished to type either protein. Big mistake. On page twenty-one he hit the wrong key, inserting alpha2GC where alpha2A should have been. …
Toward A Constitutional Kleptocracy: Civil Forfeiture In America, Stephan B. Herpel
Toward A Constitutional Kleptocracy: Civil Forfeiture In America, Stephan B. Herpel
Michigan Law Review
Leonard Levy, the legal historian who has written a number of highly regarded historical studies on various provisions of the United States Constitution, has added to his impressive oeuvre a new study of civil and criminal forfeiture. A License to Steal brings together a discussion of English legal history, a review of a number of Nineteenth Century and late Twentieth Century Supreme Court forfeiture decisions, accounts of actual applications of civil and criminal forfeiture, and a summary and critique of legislative proposals that have been made for reform of the civil forfeiture provisions of the federal drug statute. There is …
Did Military Justice Fail Or Prevail?, Robinson O. Everett
Did Military Justice Fail Or Prevail?, Robinson O. Everett
Michigan Law Review
The subject of war crimes is now receiving significant attention. On March 13, 1998, the United States Senate, by a vote of 93-0, adopted a resolution urging the President to call on the- United Nations to create a tribunal to indict and try Saddam Hussein for his "crimes against humanity." In the recent past, United Nations tribunals have tried crimes against humanity perpetrated in the former Yugoslavia and in Rwanda. With Administration backing, Congress has also recently enacted legislation intended to confer jurisdiction on the federal district courts to try certain war crimes of which American nationals are perpetrators or …
The Anatomy Of Disgust In Criminal Law, Dan M. Kahan
The Anatomy Of Disgust In Criminal Law, Dan M. Kahan
Michigan Law Review
My goal in this review is to call attention to a defect in the dominant theories of criminal law and to identify a resource for remedying it. The defect is the absence of a sophisticated account of how disgust does and should influence legal decisionmaking. The corrective resource is William Miller's The Anatomy of Disgust. To make my claims more vivid, consider two stories. Both involve men who were moved to kill by disgust toward homosexuality.
The Erotics Of Torts, Carol Sanger
The Erotics Of Torts, Carol Sanger
Michigan Law Review
"What kind of feminist would be accused of sexual harassment?" asks Jane Gallop (p. 1). Gallop quickly provides her own challenging answer: "the sort of feminist . . . that . . . do[es] not respect the line between the intellectual and the sexual" (p. 12)." Gallop is firm and unrepentant about not respecting this line: "I sexualize the atmosphere in which I work. When sexual harassment is defined as the introduction of sex into professional relations, it becomes quite possible to be both a feminist and a sexual harasser" (p. 11). Figuring out what this means - and what …
Plain Meaning, Practical Reason, And Cuplability: Toward A Theory Of Jury Interpretation Of Criminal Statutes, Darryl K. Brown
Plain Meaning, Practical Reason, And Cuplability: Toward A Theory Of Jury Interpretation Of Criminal Statutes, Darryl K. Brown
Michigan Law Review
In one of the few existing recordings of American juries deliberating in an actual criminal case, Wisconsin v. Reed, we observe jurors struggling with how they should apply a statute in a case in which the facts are not in real dispute. The defendant is charged with felon in possession of a gun, and all agree that he has a felony record and owned a pistol until he turned it over to the police upon their request. The statute contains three elements. The defendant must (a) have a felony conviction, (b) have possessed a gun, and (c) have known that …
Identifying And Valuing The Injury In Lost Chance Cases, Todd S. Aagaard
Identifying And Valuing The Injury In Lost Chance Cases, Todd S. Aagaard
Michigan Law Review
Any plaintiff seeking to recover in tort must prove that the defendant has breached the duty of care. Even after the plaintiff has established the defendant's breach of duty, however, issues of causation and damages remain. These two issues are frequently vexing, both conceptually and in terms of evidentiary demonstration. For example, if a plaintiff proves that a defendant acted negligently, it still may be unclear whether the plaintiff would have been injured even ip the absence of the defendant's negligence. Similarly, in assessing damages, factfinders often :find it difficult to attach a monetary value to a plaintiff's nonpecuniary losses …
Outrageous Fortune And The Criminalization Of Mass Torts, Richard A. Nagareda
Outrageous Fortune And The Criminalization Of Mass Torts, Richard A. Nagareda
Michigan Law Review
The case of the blameworthy-but-fortunate defendant has emerged as one of the most perplexing scenarios in mass tort litigation today. One need look no further than the front page of the newspaper to find examples of mass tort defendants said to have engaged in irresponsible conduct - even conduct that one might regard as morally outrageous in character - but that nonetheless advance eminently plausible contentions that they have not caused harm to others. This issue is not merely a matter for abstract speculation. A now-familiar mass tort scenario involves a defendant that markets a product without informing consumers about …
Process, The Constitution, And Substantive Criminal Law, Louis D. Bilionis
Process, The Constitution, And Substantive Criminal Law, Louis D. Bilionis
Michigan Law Review
Criminal law scholars have pined for a substantive constitutional criminal law ever since Henry Hart and Herbert Packer first embraced the notion in the late 1950s and early 1960s. To this day, scholars continue to search for a theory fhat giv:es content to, in Hart's words, "the unmistakable indications that the Constitution means something definite and spμiething serious when it speaks of 'crime.'" To their dismay, the Supreme Court has - with two exceptions - seemingly resisted the notion. The two exceptions are familiar. First came the 1957 case of Lambert v. California, in which the Court came as close …
Is Hiv "Extraordinary"?, Jordan B. Hansell
Is Hiv "Extraordinary"?, Jordan B. Hansell
Michigan Law Review
The Sentencing Reform Act of 1984 (the "Act") attempts to reduce inconsistencies in the sentences of defendants convicted of comparable crimes. The Act created a Sentencing Commission (the "Commission") and authorized it to promulgate a set of sentencing guidelines to steer judicial decisionmaking. To fulfill this mandate, the Commission drafted the Federal Sentencing Guidelines (the "Guidelines"), which Congress enacted in 1987. Although Congress wanted to eliminate sentencing disparities, it also wanted to allow some degree of individualized sentencing. To achieve the correct balance, the Commission created three categories of characteristics: those a court must consider in sentencing each defendant; those …
The Political Economy Of Cooperative Federalism: Why State Autonomy Makes Sense And "Dual Sovereignty" Doesn't, Roderick M. Hills Jr.
The Political Economy Of Cooperative Federalism: Why State Autonomy Makes Sense And "Dual Sovereignty" Doesn't, Roderick M. Hills Jr.
Michigan Law Review
It is commonplace to observe that "dual federalism" is dead, replaced by something variously called "cooperative federalism," "intergovernmental relations," or "marble-cake federalism." According to this conventional wisdom, state and local officials do not enforce merely their own laws in their distinct policymaking sphere. Rather, as analyzed in a voluminous literature, state and local governments also cooperate with the federal government in many policymaking areas, ranging from unemployment insurance to historic preservation. These nonfederal governments help implement federal policy in a variety of ways: by submitting implementation plans to federal agencies, by promulgating regulations, and by bringing administrative actions to enforce …
Interjurisdictional Preclusion, Howard M. Erichson
Interjurisdictional Preclusion, Howard M. Erichson
Michigan Law Review
Res judicata is hard enough already. Consider it at the interjurisdictional level, and we are asking for headaches. But consider it at that level we must, because litigation trends make interjurisdictional preclusion more important than ever. Lawyers, judges, litigants, and other litigation participants increasingly must contemplate the possibility that a lawsuit will have claim-preclusive or issue-preclusive effect in a subsequent suit in another jurisdiction. With great frequency, multiple lawsuits arise out of single or related transactions or events. Mass tort litigation and complex commercial litigation provide the most emphatic examples, but the phenomenon of multiple related lawsuits extends to every …