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Articles 3331 - 3360 of 4291
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Search And Seizure - Burden Of Proving Illegality Of Search For Purpose Of Suppressing Evidence
Search And Seizure - Burden Of Proving Illegality Of Search For Purpose Of Suppressing Evidence
Michigan Law Review
Defendant was charged with unlawful possession of five mink skins during the closed season. His motion made before trial to suppress the evidence because of unlawful seizure was denied. He was convicted, and now appeals assigning the refusal to suppress the evidence as error. Held, judgment affirmed. The court said, "Upon a motion to suppress evidence because of an unlawful seizure, the burden of establishing that his rights have been transgressed is upon the party asserting such transgression." State v. Drew, 217 Wis. 216, 257 N. W. 681 (1934).
Trusts -Termination Of Trusts Where Life Beneficiary Acquires Remainder - Proof Of Impossibility Of Issue
Michigan Law Review
Plaintiff was named life beneficiary of a trust, the legal remainder being disposed of to her children, or if she died without issue, then to H. H died before the plaintiff; and the plaintiff, establishing that she is childless and no longer capable of having issue, seeks a termination of the trust on the ground that the now intestate remainder has become vested in her, the sole heir at law of the settlor. Held, both an unrestricted life estate and the legal remainder being in the plaintiff, the trust can be terminated. White v. Weed, (N. H. …
Evidence -Admissibility Of Statements Of Fact Made During Negotiation For Compromise, John E. Tracy
Evidence -Admissibility Of Statements Of Fact Made During Negotiation For Compromise, John E. Tracy
Michigan Law Review
At present, the various jurisdictions hold with comparative uniformity that while offers to settle a dispute are not admissible in evidence, statements of independent fact made during such compromise negotiation are admissible. The routes of logic by which the courts arrive at this similarity in result are marked by some fundamental differences, as will be shown later, but the result is the same under any theory. The question therefore presents itself, whether the distinction made by the courts between the admissibility of offers to compromise and statements of fact made during compromise negotiations can be justified under a system of …
Administrative Tribunals - Distinction In Legal Effect Between Legislative And Quasi-Judicial Orders Of The Interstate Commerce Commission
Michigan Law Review
The legal effect of orders of the Interstate Commerce Commission involves questions upon which there has been much dictum and considerable confusion of the issues. The result has been a body of law which, if not carefully explored, may prove to be a trap for the unwary. In the past few years, however, it is apparent that the courts are making more definite pronouncements which are more clearly pointing the way to distinguishing the various possible issues. The confusion unquestionably results from the heterogeneous nature of the functions performed by the Commission. A typical example is the rate-making function. It …
Constitutional Law-National Power Over Navigable Streams - Property Clause - Corporations - Stockholders' Suit
Michigan Law Review
The recent decision of the Supreme Court in the TVA case raises issues of extreme importance not only in regard to the interpretation of the property clause of the federal Constitution, but also in regard to the requisites for a suit by minority stockholders of a corporation questioning the actions of the corporate management.
Corporations-Liability Of Officers Of Corporate Trustee For Breach Of Trust
Corporations-Liability Of Officers Of Corporate Trustee For Breach Of Trust
Michigan Law Review
Defendants were officers and directors of the Lincoln Trust Company, which was acting as trustee for the holders of certain bonds secured by a mortgage. Among other things, the trust instrument provided that the Trust Company should foreclose whenever a breach of the conditions of the mortgage should occur. The mortgagors defaulted on interest payments, but the Trust Company nevertheless advanced the amount of the interest to the bondholders without notifying them that the mortgagors had defaulted, the concealment being apparently for the purpose of maintaining the market value of the bonds. In an action brought by the successor trustee …
Banks And Banking-National Banks Subject To State Statute Providing Reward For Finders Of Lost Goods
Banks And Banking-National Banks Subject To State Statute Providing Reward For Finders Of Lost Goods
Michigan Law Review
Plaintiff found $105,000 hidden in a roadside junk heap. The money had been stolen from defendant national bank in an early morning hold-up, and cached by the robbers in the rubbish pile, With the police, plaintiff returned the money to the bank. Plaintiff then sued the bank for a ten per cent reward provided by an Iowa statute for the return of "lost goods." The Supreme Court of Iowa reversed a decision that the statute did not apply to stolen money. In a rehearing, defendant put in an amended plea that the statute could not impose any liability on national …
Criminal Law-Misconduct Of Attorneys During Trial-Possible Remedies
Criminal Law-Misconduct Of Attorneys During Trial-Possible Remedies
Michigan Law Review
Petitioner was indicted in a federal district court charged with having conspired with others to utter counterfeit Federal Reserve Bank notes. The case against the accused was weak. The prosecuting attorney in his arguments to the jury and in the examination of witnesses persisted over defendant's objections in making improper suggestions, insinuations and unproved assertions of personal knowledge, all highly unfavorable to defendant's case. The district court sustained objections to some of the questions but the case was submitted to the jury and defendant found guilty. Defendant appealed. Held, the misconduct of the prosecuting attorney being prejudicial to defendant …
The Banking Act Of 1935, Harold James Kress
The Banking Act Of 1935, Harold James Kress
Michigan Law Review
The purpose of this article is to consider in a non-technical manner the principal changes in federal central and commercial banking law which have been brought about by the enactment of the Banking Act of 1935, and in that connection to take some account of the preexisting law and the announced or ostensible reasons for the changes made.
A Proposed Plan Of Classification For The Law, Charles C. Ulrich
A Proposed Plan Of Classification For The Law, Charles C. Ulrich
Michigan Law Review
One of the greatest needs of the law today is a satisfactory plan of classification. Whenever codes have been drafted, or digests and encyclopedias of the law compiled, from the time of the Romans to the present, the first problem that presented itself was always that of classification. The question of classification was considered when the work of the American Law Institute was begun and the restatement of the law attempted, though it does not seem to have been given the attention it merited. And despite various schemes of legal classification that have been proposed in the course of time, …
Contracto-Impossibility As An Excuse For Failure To Perform Conditions In Insurance Policies Requiring Notice Of Loss
Michigan Law Review
Policies of insurance invariably contain provisions to the effect that, upon occurrence of the event insured against, notice thereof shall be given to the insurer. As in the normal contract, such condition qualifies the undertaking of the promisor unless its performance is legally excused. In actions for breach of promise, impossibility of performance has been held to constitute a good defense to the suit for damages in certain instances, though the early rule was that payment of damages was never impossible and hence impossibility of performance was no defense in an action for breach. It is to be noted that …
Corporations - Stock Market Manipulation - Rescission For Fraud
Corporations - Stock Market Manipulation - Rescission For Fraud
Michigan Law Review
To obtain a more favorable market ratio for the contemplated exchange, defendants maintained an artificial market in Harriman Bank stock, then offered to exchange that stock for Liberty Bank stock. In a suit brought by former Liberty Bank stockholders to obtain a rescission of the executed exchange upon the ground of fraud, held, that a good cause of action was stated. Wilcox v. Harriman Securities Corporation et al., (D. C. N. Y. 1933) Io F. Supp. 532.
International Law - Treaty Interpretation - Immunity Of Consul From Civil Suit
International Law - Treaty Interpretation - Immunity Of Consul From Civil Suit
Michigan Law Review
Tarcuanu, the vice-consul in charge of the Roumanian consulate in New York City, was served with a summons ma civil suit. This case involves his motion to have the summons vacated because of article 2 of the treaty of 1881 between the United States and Roumania, the pertinent part of which says: "The consuls-general, consuls, vice-consuls and consular agents of each of the two high contracting parties shall enjoy reciprocally in the States of the other, all the privileges, exemptions and immunities that are enjoyed by officers of the same rank and quality of the most favored nation." In this …
Estoppel And Statutes Of Limitation, John P. Dawson
Estoppel And Statutes Of Limitation, John P. Dawson
Michigan Law Review
Among all the spheres of its activity estoppel probably performs no more useful service than in the alleviation of hardship caused by statutes of limitation. Here as in other places the elements of estoppel and its relations to more basic legal concepts are exceedingly hard to define. At some points its effects on limitation acts could be described in terms of express contract; at other points it merges into "fraud"; in general it provides the medium for official expressions of disapproval where civil litigation exceeds the permissible limits of private warfare.
The Unicameral Legislature In Nebraska, Lester B. Orfield
The Unicameral Legislature In Nebraska, Lester B. Orfield
Michigan Law Review
It is perhaps not exaggerating to say that no more far-reaching innovation in state government has been adopted in recent years than Nebraska's unicameral legislature. It is an axiom of political science - somewhat modified, to be sure, by the growth of administrative tribunals - that there are three branches of government: legislative, executive and judicial. Nebraska has drastically changed the first of these three by adopting a single-house legislature. This question whether the legislature shall consist of one or two houses has become the chief problem of legislative structure during recent years. The model state constitution drafted by the …
Practice And Procedure - Reservation Of Decision On Motion For Directed Verdict As Means Of Avoiding Unnecessary New Trials
Michigan Law Review
What may be done to remedy the situation if a jury brings in a verdict in favor of a party against whom a verdict should have been directed? This question becomes pertinent in view of the fact that judges, while hard pressed by counsel in the heat of trial, frequently wrongfully deny a motion for directed verdict and submit the case to the jury. One obvious remedy is the granting of a new trial by the trial judge, or by an appellate court after reversal. But this practice has proved eminently unsatisfactory, for it submits the aggrieved party to the …
Public Utilities -- Rate-Base -- Late Supreme Court Decisions
Public Utilities -- Rate-Base -- Late Supreme Court Decisions
Michigan Law Review
In fixing the rate-base of a telephone company, the Maryland Public Service Commission translated the agreed 1923 rate-base (with all subsequent additions to plant) to 1933 price levels by means of a composite price index which included both general all-commodity indices, and indices particularly adapted to the telephone business. Held, that an order enjoining enforcement of the rates will be affirmed. West v. Chesapeake & Potomac Telephone Co., (U.S. 1935) 55 S. Ct. 894.
Book Notes, Michigan Law Review
Book Notes, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
This department undertakes to list and, when possible, describe briefly current books on law and matters closely related thereto.
Eminent Domain --Valuation Of Leaseholds -- Apportionment Of Award Between Landlord And Tenant In Long-Term Lease
Michigan Law Review
The Michigan Supreme Court had before it last fall a very unusual case involving the apportionment of a condemnation award between landlord and tenant. Only a portion of the leasehold premises was condemned. The lease still had approximately eighty years to run; it had no market value due primarily to the depression; and it constituted the sole assets of the lessee. The lease contained a clause. providing for rent abatement in case part of the premises was condemned. The lessors insisted that the lessee must be content with this rent abatement and that they were entitled to the whole award. …
Public Utilities - Rates -Value Of The Service As Basis
Public Utilities - Rates -Value Of The Service As Basis
Michigan Law Review
The power company had been serving a sparsely settled rural district in Utah for many years; it had never during its history paid dividends of over 5 per cent, during the last fourteen years it had averaged 3.75 per cent, and during the last five years 2.75 per cent. On the petition of customers who argued that the company should bear part of the burdens of the economic depression, the state utilities commission ordered a ten per cent reduction of all rates on the basis that the charge should not be more than the service was worth. Held, while …
Legislative Attack On "Heart Balm", Nathan P. Feinsinger
Legislative Attack On "Heart Balm", Nathan P. Feinsinger
Michigan Law Review
Public resentment over the abuses incident to "heart balm" suits has recently culminated in sweeping legislative reform. Through the repeated efforts of a woman legislator, Indiana has abolished actions for seduction of females over twenty-one years of age, for breach of promise to marry, and for criminal conversation and alienation of affections. Almost immediately New York, and shortly thereafter Illinois, passed similar legislation, and at least ten other states are now considering analogous proposals.
Trusts - Mortgage Participations As Trust Investments -Effect Of Invalidity
Trusts - Mortgage Participations As Trust Investments -Effect Of Invalidity
Michigan Law Review
The Commercial Savings Bank and Trust Company of Toledo, Ohio, in March 1931, executed an instrument called a Declaration of Trust, in which it recited that it had transferred to its trust department certain notes and mortgages for the purpose of issuing certificates of participation therein. The notes alone were physically transferred to the trust department, the mortgages being retained by the real estate loan department of the bank. The real estate loan department also collected the interest and principal on the notes transferred to the trust department. The Declaration of Trust expressly authorized the trust department to make substitutions …
Corporations-Liability For Unpaid Subscriptions-Power Of Receiver To Collect Unpaid Amount
Corporations-Liability For Unpaid Subscriptions-Power Of Receiver To Collect Unpaid Amount
Michigan Law Review
The liability of a subscriber to corporate stock exists by virtue of the contractual obligation to the corporation to pay the subscription price or the unpaid installment thereon. Because this liability is often declared by statute, it is essential, to avoid a confused analysis of the precise nature of the liability in question, to distinguish other types of stockholder's liability. Statutory super-added liability in excess of the par value of the stock, and liability for watered stock are excluded from consideration. An analysis of the subscriber's liability will be materially aided by a classification with respect to plaintiffs entitled to …
The Enforcement Of Foreign Judgments In Anglo-American Law, Hessel E. Yntema
The Enforcement Of Foreign Judgments In Anglo-American Law, Hessel E. Yntema
Michigan Law Review
Conflicts of laws are the necessary result of the division of judicial business. There are too many legal actions arising in localities too diffused to be tried in a single court or system of courts; consequently, litigation has to be distributed, and a highly complex body of jurisdictional regulations has been evolved to control the distribution. Once admit the multiplicity of courts, and diversities of law appear. Not only does the procedure in particular courts respond in some degree to the local traditions of the bar and to the specialized needs of the communities served, but indigenous precedents and practices …
Criminal Law And Procedure -Automobiles - Constitutional Law-Criminal Liability Of Owner Of Automobile
Michigan Law Review
The recent decision of the Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts in the case of Commonwealth v. Ober has brought to the fore a serious administrative problem arising out of the enforcement of traffic regulations. The problem is particularly acute in the illegal parking cases. Here it is usually impossible for the policeman to do more than tag the car, take down its registration number, and institute proceedings against the registered owner. The difficulty also often occurs in many other situations such as driving through red lights or stop streets where the offense is observed by a patrolman standing near by …
Constitutional Law-Exclusion From Juries On Grounds Of Race And Color-Scottsboro Case
Constitutional Law-Exclusion From Juries On Grounds Of Race And Color-Scottsboro Case
Michigan Law Review
A negro convicted of rape in one of the so-called "Scottsboro" cases moved to quash the indictment and the trial venire, alleging systematic exclusion of negroes from the grand and petit juries on the grounds of race and color. The trial court overruled the motions, and the Alabama Supreme Court sustained this decision, holding that the evidence failed to establish such exclusion. On certiorari to the United States Supreme Court, held, that the refusal to quash the indictment and trial venire was a denial of equal protection of the laws contrary to the Fourteenth Amendment, since the evidence on …
The Effect Of Inflation On Private Contracts: United States, 1861-1879, John P. Dawson, Frank E. Cooper
The Effect Of Inflation On Private Contracts: United States, 1861-1879, John P. Dawson, Frank E. Cooper
Michigan Law Review
The Northern inflation coincided almost exactly in its early stages with the inflation in the South, and was produced by the same basic factor - a budgetary deficit due to war expenditure. The financial mobilization of the North was handicapped at the outset by a deficit inherited from the previous administration and by an impaired national credit. The prompt response of the Northern banks enabled the Treasury to overcome this initial handicap and to finance the greatly increased expenditure through the early months of the war. How long orthodox methods of borrowing would have sufficed has been ever since a …
Constitutional Law - Agricultural Adjustment Act - Validity Of Milk Licenses Under Section 8 (3)
Constitutional Law - Agricultural Adjustment Act - Validity Of Milk Licenses Under Section 8 (3)
Michigan Law Review
Pursuant to the authorization of Section 8 (3) of the Agricultural Adjustment Act, the Secretary of Agriculture issued a blanket license in the Baltimore Sales Area whereby the distributors of fluid milk or its products in the current of interstate or foreign commerce were subjected to detailed regulation of production and purchase and resale prices. The plaintiff dairy company, handling milk produced and consumed exclusively within the state, sought an in junction against the enforcement of the license. Held, in granting a final decree, that the plaintiff's activities were not in the current of and that they did not …
Criminal Law And Procedure - Indecent Exposure - Nudism
Criminal Law And Procedure - Indecent Exposure - Nudism
Michigan Law Review
The two recent cases of People v. Ring and People v. Burke have raised the interesting question of the legal position in this country of the practice of organized nudism. Inasmuch as the decisions are difficult to reconcile, the result is somewhat disconcerting.
Book Notes, Michigan Law Review
Book Notes, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
This department undertakes to list and, when possible, describe briefly current books on law and matters closely related thereto.