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Articles 2641 - 2670 of 4291
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Taxation-Federal Income Tax-Deductibility Of Legal Fees Incurred In Contesting Gift Tax Deficiency, Richard B. Barnett S.Ed.
Taxation-Federal Income Tax-Deductibility Of Legal Fees Incurred In Contesting Gift Tax Deficiency, Richard B. Barnett S.Ed.
Michigan Law Review
Petitioner gave shares of stock in a closely held family corporation to his wife and children. After paying the federal gift tax, he was notified by the Commissioner of a deficiency of $145,276. The case was eventually settled by payment of $15,612. In this controversy petitioner incurred legal expenses which he sought to deduct on his income tax return under section 23(a)(2) of the Internal Revenue Code. When his claim was disallowed by the Commissioner, this suit was brought for refund. Held, on certiorari, this expenditure was not "for the production or collection of income'' nor incurred in the …
Interstate Recognition Of Custody Decrees: Law And Reason V. The Restatement, Albert A. Ehrenzweig
Interstate Recognition Of Custody Decrees: Law And Reason V. The Restatement, Albert A. Ehrenzweig
Michigan Law Review
After days of bitter contest, a weary judge dissolves the marriage bond and, lacking Solomon's sword, allots the child to his mother. Thus the stage is set for the second act of the tragedy. Craving a new life for herself and her child, the mother moves to another state, and the father, seeing his right of visitation thus put in jeopardy, pleads the mother's removal in the original court which, loyal to the more faithful citizen, now awards custody to him. Should a judge of the mother's new home state heed this change? And again, what should be done if …
Admiralty-Validity Of "Born-To-Blame" Clause In Bill Of Lading, Richard B. Barnett S.Ed.
Admiralty-Validity Of "Born-To-Blame" Clause In Bill Of Lading, Richard B. Barnett S.Ed.
Michigan Law Review
Petitioner is owner of the S.S. Nathaniel Bacon which collided with the Esso Belgium damaging both ships. The cargo of the Bacon, owned by respondents, was also damaged. The collision was caused by the negligent navigation of employees of both ships. The bill of lading issued to respondents contained a "both-to-blame" clause requiring the cargo owners to indemnify the carrier for any cargo loss indirectly borne by the carrier. This action was brought to determine liability for the damages suffered in the collision. Held, on appeal, the ''both-to-blame" clause is invalid because of public policy prohibiting carriers from …
Federal Procedure-Venue Of Corporations-Applicability Of 28 U.S.C. §1391(C) To Plaintiff Corporations, Charles E. Oldfather S.Ed.
Federal Procedure-Venue Of Corporations-Applicability Of 28 U.S.C. §1391(C) To Plaintiff Corporations, Charles E. Oldfather S.Ed.
Michigan Law Review
Plaintiff, trustee in bankruptcy of a Delaware corporation, brought a contract action based on diversity of citizenship in an Ohio district court. Defendant is a partnership, whose partners are all residents of states other than Delaware. Defendant moved to dismiss the action on the ground that venue was improperly laid. The court, relying on 28 U.S.C. §139I(c), held: motion to dismiss overruled. "Since the district where plaintiff is doing business . . . is the 'residence of the corporation for venue purposes,' this action may be properly maintained here [Ohio].'' Hadden v. Barrow, Wade, Guthrie & Co., (D.C. …
Negligence-Immunity Of Charitable Institutions From Suit, W. Garrett Flickinger S.Ed.
Negligence-Immunity Of Charitable Institutions From Suit, W. Garrett Flickinger S.Ed.
Michigan Law Review
A patient of defendant charitable hospital died as a result of the transfusion of an incorrect blood type and it was shown that one of defendant's employees had correctly typed the blood but negligently mislabeled it. The widower and children of the deceased brought an action in negligence for damages and the circuit court allowed recovery. On appeal, held, affirmed. The defendant hospital is liable in damages for the death of the deceased caused by the negligence of its employee notwithstanding the fact that defendant is a charitable institution and that the hospital authorities exercised due care and caution …
Judicial Reform In Michigan Between Two Constitutions, 1835-1850, Clark F. Norton
Judicial Reform In Michigan Between Two Constitutions, 1835-1850, Clark F. Norton
Michigan Law Review
The first fifteen years of Michigan's existence as a state were marked by much experimentation and change in state government. In this short period two state constitutions, a basic constitutional amendment, two general revisions of the statutes, and numerous fundamental laws were enacted and put into effect. Both the legislative and executive branches underwent extensive renovation in these years, but it was the state court system in particular that was subjected to constant pressure for alteration and which was most radically modified, both in structure and procedure.
The Steel Seizure Case: Congress, The President And The Supreme Court, Paul G. Kauper
The Steel Seizure Case: Congress, The President And The Supreme Court, Paul G. Kauper
Michigan Law Review
Questions relating to the legislative authority of Congress and of the several states have given rise to an immense mass of constitutional litigation ever since the time that the Supreme Court in Marbury v. Madison asserted its power of judicial review. Many of these cases have turned on the division of legislative authority between Congress and the state legislatures under our federal system. Yet within this same span of time relatively few cases have arisen to challenge the assertions of presidential power, and in only a few instances has the Court found occasion to speak at length on the questions …
Evidence-Presumptions-Plaintiff's Res Ipsa Loquitur Against Defendants Presumption Of Due Care, Bernard A. Petrie S.Ed.
Evidence-Presumptions-Plaintiff's Res Ipsa Loquitur Against Defendants Presumption Of Due Care, Bernard A. Petrie S.Ed.
Michigan Law Review
Plaintiff sued for injuries resulting when an automobile which defendant was driving and in which plaintiff was sleeping left the highway. There was evidence that defendant suffered retrograde amnesia and could not recall the circumstances of the accident. The court, instructing on res ipsa loquitur for plaintiff, told the jury that it might infer negligence from the fact that the automobile inexplicably left the highway. The court also instructed that, if the jury believed that defendant suffered a loss of memory, defendant was presumed to have exercised due care. Verdict for defendant. Plaintiff contended that instruction on the presumption of …
Federal Procedure-Jurisdiction-No Appeal Allowed Under Rule 54(B) When Separated Claim Not Final, Wilber M. Brucker, Jr. S.Ed.
Federal Procedure-Jurisdiction-No Appeal Allowed Under Rule 54(B) When Separated Claim Not Final, Wilber M. Brucker, Jr. S.Ed.
Michigan Law Review
Flegenheimer sued Manitoba Sugar Co., a Canadian Corporation, in a Vermont state court for breach of an employment contract to gain jurisdiction, Flegenheimer attached parcels of beet pulp which he claimed were the property of the Manitoba Co. After this action was removed to the federal district court, General Mills, Inc., was granted leave to intervene to establish ownership of the beet pulp. The claim of General Mills was dismissed after being heard on the merits. The order dismissing the claim contained a determination that "no just reason for delay" existed, and it therefore directed an "entry of judgment" under …
The Second Circuit Reaffirms The Efficacy Of Restrictive Stock Agreements To Control Estate Tax Valuation, Edmund W. Pavenstedt
The Second Circuit Reaffirms The Efficacy Of Restrictive Stock Agreements To Control Estate Tax Valuation, Edmund W. Pavenstedt
Michigan Law Review
Owners of close corporations have for many years entered into agreements with each other requiring a stockholder who wishes to dispose of his holdings first to offer them to his fellow stockholders or to the corporation and, in the case of death, granting to the survivors or the corporation an option to buy the shares from the decedent's estate. Such agreements either fix a price per share or contain a formula or a provision for appraisal under which such price is to be determined. About twenty years ago two leading cases both decided by the United States Court of Appeals …
Transfer Of Federal Offenses Committed In More Than One District Or Division, Lester B. Orfield
Transfer Of Federal Offenses Committed In More Than One District Or Division, Lester B. Orfield
Michigan Law Review
Rule 21 (b) of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure provides: "The court upon motion of the defendant shall transfer the proceeding as to him to another district or division, if it appears from the indictment or information or from a bill of particulars that the offense was committed in more than one district or division and if the court is satisfied that in the interest of justice the proceeding should be transferred to another district or division in which the commission of the offense is charged."
Banks And Banking-Deposits-Resulting Trusts Under The Contract Theory Of Joint Bank Accounts, Warren K. Urbom S. Ed.
Banks And Banking-Deposits-Resulting Trusts Under The Contract Theory Of Joint Bank Accounts, Warren K. Urbom S. Ed.
Michigan Law Review
A husband carried a bank account in his own name. Subsequently, he and his wife signed a signature card at the bank upon which appeared the following: 'We agree . . . that all funds now, or hereafter, deposited to this account are, and shall be, our joint property and owned by us as joint tenants with right of survivorship, and not as tenants in common; and upon the death of either of us any balance . . . shall become the absolute property of the survivor. The entire account or any part thereof may be withdrawn by . . …
Federal Procedure-Jurisdiction-Effect Of Disclaimer In Diversity Of Citizenship Cases, Richard W. Pogue S. Ed.
Federal Procedure-Jurisdiction-Effect Of Disclaimer In Diversity Of Citizenship Cases, Richard W. Pogue S. Ed.
Michigan Law Review
Plaintiff partnership brought suit in a federal court, alleging that defendants were citizens of Kentucky, and that all partners but one were non-citizens of Kentucky. The Kentucky partner was named as a defendant because of his refusal to join the other partners in the action, whereupon he filed an answer and disclaimer, in which he disclaimed any interest in the suit. Other defendants answered contesting the jurisdiction of the court on the ground that the Kentucky partner was required to be joined with the parties plaintiff, thus destroying the necessary diversity of citizenship. The district court dismissed the Kentucky partner, …
Trusts-Charitable Trusts-Effect Of Nationalization Act On Gifts To English Hospitals, George D. Miller, Jr. S. Ed.
Trusts-Charitable Trusts-Effect Of Nationalization Act On Gifts To English Hospitals, George D. Miller, Jr. S. Ed.
Michigan Law Review
Complainant held property under a trust created by a Rhode Island will, the validity of which had previously been determined by the Rhode Island court. Respondent hospitals were remainder beneficiaries of the trust, the gifts to them being subject to certain limitations on their use. Respondent churches were named in the trust deed as alternative legatees "in case any of my preceding gifts, specially my gifts to Public purposes, should fail .... " The remainder interests vested, and partial distribution of the corpus was made in 1939. In 1946 the National Health Service Act was passed in Great Britain which …
Constitutional Law-Fourteenth Amendment Equal Protection Segregation In Recreational Facilities Furnished By A Municipality, James S. Taylor S. Ed.
Constitutional Law-Fourteenth Amendment Equal Protection Segregation In Recreational Facilities Furnished By A Municipality, James S. Taylor S. Ed.
Michigan Law Review
The plaintiff, a Negro, was denied admission to a municipal golf course under an ordinance setting aside certain public parks for the exclusive use of Negroes, and providing that all other public parks were for the exclusive use of white people. Only the public parks provided for the "whites" had golf courses, though in all other respects the park facilities offered were substantially equal. The plaintiff brought an action in a federal district court for a declaratory judgment as to his civil rights and for an injunction protecting such rights. The injunction was denied on the grounds that the facilities …
Taxation-Federal Estate And Gift Taxation-Powers Of Appointment Act Of 1951, William O. Allen S. Ed.
Taxation-Federal Estate And Gift Taxation-Powers Of Appointment Act Of 1951, William O. Allen S. Ed.
Michigan Law Review
It is the purpose of this comment to trace the history of Congress' treatment of powers of appointment in the past and to examine the latest legislative pronouncement, the Powers of Appointment Act of 1951.
Significant Developments In Labor Law During The Last Half-Century, Russell A. Smith
Significant Developments In Labor Law During The Last Half-Century, Russell A. Smith
Michigan Law Review
It is common knowledge that dramatic and almost revolutionary developments have taken place in labor law since the turn of the century. Indeed, "labor law" has only during this period achieved the distinction of a recognized branch of the law. Concurrently, trade unions have experienced an amazing growth, as well as changes in basic structure, and it may fairly be stated that the enlargement of the pertinent body of law has both stimulated and been influenced by the augmentation of union power. This article is intended as a survey of significant developments in the law, not as a treatment of …
The Unhappy History Of Civil Rights Legislation, Eugene Gressman
The Unhappy History Of Civil Rights Legislation, Eugene Gressman
Michigan Law Review
The enforcement by federal legislation of the constitutional right of individuals is a story written largely in terms of confusion, distortion and frustration. Seldom, if ever, have the power and the purposes of legislation been rendered so impotent. Indeed, this story constitutes one of the saddest chapters in the historic struggle to effectuate the American ideal of freedom and equality for all.
Constitutional Law-Church And State-The New York Released Time Program, Frank Bowen, Jr. S.Ed.
Constitutional Law-Church And State-The New York Released Time Program, Frank Bowen, Jr. S.Ed.
Michigan Law Review
The recent decision of the Supreme Court in the case of Zorach v. Clauson affirms the constitutionality of the New York City program for releasing pupils from public schools so that they may attend religious education classes held outside of school property. The pupils are released upon the written request of their parents, and those not released from school remain in their classrooms. Regulations under which the program is conducted prohibit comment by school officials on attendance. Plaintiffs, who were taxpayers and parents of children attending the public schools, unsuccessfully contended that the program was a violation of the First …
The Law Review-Its First Fifty Years, E. Blythe Stason
The Law Review-Its First Fifty Years, E. Blythe Stason
Michigan Law Review
A memorial issue commemorating fifty years of the Michigan Law Review would not be complete without at least a brief glance at some of the historical record.
Legal Fraternities, Kenneth H. York
Legal Fraternities, Kenneth H. York
Michigan Law Review
No exact computation of the number of practicing attorneys who are members of legal fraternities is available. However, well over 120,000 law students have in the past 82 years affiliated with a legal fraternity-no account being taken of the numbers belonging to purely local societies. Since the great majority of these individuals have entered into the practice, it is apparent that the Survey of the Legal Profession would not be exhaustive without some reference to such organizations. Professional Greek-letter fraternities now exist in practically all conceivable fields from Animal Husbandry to Textile Arts. Their legal counterpart furnished the model.
The Law Of Belligerent Occupation In The American Courts, Morris G. Shanker S.Ed.
The Law Of Belligerent Occupation In The American Courts, Morris G. Shanker S.Ed.
Michigan Law Review
This comment will investigate the extent to which the law of belligerent occupation has actually become a part of the American municipal law, and thereby attempt to determine whether it was properly applied in this case.
Conflict Of Laws-Property-Law Governing Mortgage Deficiency Judgments, William O. Allen S.Ed.
Conflict Of Laws-Property-Law Governing Mortgage Deficiency Judgments, William O. Allen S.Ed.
Michigan Law Review
Defendant, a Michigan corporation, became a guarantor on a mortgage of land located in Alabama. Both the mortgage and underlying note were executed in Alabama and the note was payable there. Upon default, mortgagee, acting under a power of sale, foreclosed the mortgage and became the purchaser at the sale, which was duly conducted according to Alabama law. Mortgagee then brought this action in the federal district court for Michigan to recover the deficiency remaining due after foreclosure. Defendant claimed that the fair market value of the mortgaged property exceeded the balance due on the mortgage debt, and that under …
The Uniform Code Of Military Justice-New Rights And A Means To Enforce Them, John F. Spindler
The Uniform Code Of Military Justice-New Rights And A Means To Enforce Them, John F. Spindler
Michigan Law Review
The Uniform Code of Military Justice, designed to govern the entire military establishment of the United States, was enacted May 5, 1950, replacing the three separate systems of law theretofore applied to the Army, Navy, and Air Force. Pressure for a uniform code was a reflection of the great surge toward unification of the Armed Services which followed World War II. The new Code, however, is not just a revision and consolidation of the prior systems of military law. World War II, with its great increase in the size of the Armed Services and in the percentage of the population …
Taxation-Federal Income Tax-Deductibility Of Contributions To Profit-Sharing Trusts, W. H. Bates S.Ed.
Taxation-Federal Income Tax-Deductibility Of Contributions To Profit-Sharing Trusts, W. H. Bates S.Ed.
Michigan Law Review
Plaintiff corporation set up a profit sharing trust for the benefit of its employees as authorized under section 165(a) of the Internal Revenue Code. The plan for the trust, as approved by the Treasury, provided that plaintiff should contribute annually an amount equal to 15 % of net income, as defined, not to exceed 15% of basic salary or wages of all eligible participating employees. For the tax year 1944 plaintiff claimed deductions under section 23(p)(1)(C) for an amount equal to 15% of the total participating payroll, which is actually the allowable maximum, but which in this case exceeded 15% …
Promissory Estoppel: Principle From Precedents: Ii, Benjamin F. Boye
Promissory Estoppel: Principle From Precedents: Ii, Benjamin F. Boye
Michigan Law Review
It is ancient learning that a person is free to refuse to accept an appointment as agent but that "acceptance must be followed by execution or prompt resignation." Though such was the law of the Romans of Justinian's time, it has taken our courts many years to reach the same conclusion. Indeed, it was not until the Restatement of Agency was published in 1933 that the basis of liability of one who gratuitously undertook to act as agent for another was expressed in approximately the same form.
Labor Law-Jurisdiction Of Nlrb Under Self-Imposed Limitations, Bernard L. Goodman S.Ed., Robert S. Griggs S.Ed.
Labor Law-Jurisdiction Of Nlrb Under Self-Imposed Limitations, Bernard L. Goodman S.Ed., Robert S. Griggs S.Ed.
Michigan Law Review
Under the original National Labor Relations Act of 1935 and that act as it stands amended by Title I of the Labor-Management Relations Act of 1947, Congress has conferred upon the National Labor Relations Board regulatory authority in certain areas of industrial relations, the jurisdictional extent of which is conterminous with the power of the federal government under the commerce clause of the Constitution. At an early date, however, the Board determined that ''budgetary limitations as well as the need to avoid diffusion of its time and energy ... [justified] it in not exerting its jurisdictional authority to the legal …
Evidence-Privilege-Confidential Communications Between Husband And Wife, James I. Huston
Evidence-Privilege-Confidential Communications Between Husband And Wife, James I. Huston
Michigan Law Review
Husband sued for divorce alleging that wife drank excessively and humiliated him in public by her conduct, and that she continually made false and profane accusations designed to make his life unbearable. As proof of the latter charge, plaintiff was allowed to introduce in evidence a wire recording of conversations between plaintiff and defendant in their bedroom. Plaintiff's son by a previous marriage had, by prearrangement with plaintiff, installed in their bedroom a microphone connected to a wire-recorder in the son's adjoining bedroom, with which recordings were made of four separate conversations between plaintiff and defendant. The recordings substantiated plaintiff's …
Lenin, Stuchka, Reisner, Pashukanis, Stalin, Vyshinsky, Yudin, Golunskii, Strogovich, And Trainin: Soviet Legal Philosophy, S. I. Shuman
Lenin, Stuchka, Reisner, Pashukanis, Stalin, Vyshinsky, Yudin, Golunskii, Strogovich, And Trainin: Soviet Legal Philosophy, S. I. Shuman
Michigan Law Review
A Review of SOVIET LEGAL PHILOSOPHY. By V. I. Lenin, P. I. Stuchka, M. A. Reisner, E. B. Pashukanis, J. V. Stalin, A.Y. Vyshinsky, P. Yudin, S. A. Golunskii, M. S. Strogovich, and I. P. Trainin. Translated by H. H. Babb. Introduction by J. N. Hazard.
Bankruptcy-Powers Of The Trustee-Llens By Legal Or Equitable Proceedings Under Section 70c, Edward D. Goldstein S.Ed.
Bankruptcy-Powers Of The Trustee-Llens By Legal Or Equitable Proceedings Under Section 70c, Edward D. Goldstein S.Ed.
Michigan Law Review
Husband and wife filed a petition in bankruptcy. They petitioned the United States District Court for the Southern District of California to set aside their residence from the bankruptcy estate as exempt property. They had not filed their declaration of homestead until after the petition in bankruptcy. The district court set aside the property as exempt. On appeal, held, affirmed. Under California law homestead exemptions can be perfected after a petition in bankruptcy. The trustee's claim that section 70c of the Bankruptcy Act gave him a lien that prevailed over a homestead claim subsequently recorded was denied on the …