Digital Commons Network^™

Lessons Learned Using A Decision-Making Model To Develop The Tell Tool For Gamete Donation Families, Patricia Ensweiler Hershberger, Alison L. Miller, Mary B. Richardson, Yolanda Smith, Alison Walsh, Agatha M. Gallo, Kirby Adlam, Susan C. Klock, Lauri A. Pasch

International Nursing Research Congress (INRC)

Background: The history surrounding the use of donated gametes and/or embryos is shrouded in secrecy due to long standing concerns about protecting future parents and their donor-conceived children from stigma and even unlawful birth [1]. Estimates indicate about 23% of parents worldwide disclose the genetic origins to their children [2], approximating the 14% disclosure rate we found in our 12-year longitudinal study among U.S. parents [3]. We created an innovative digital tool called the Tool to Empower Parental TeLling and TaLking or the TELL Tool to support parents’ decision processes about informing their 1–16 year old children about their genetic …

Internationally Educated Nurses And Key Informant Experiences: Equal Access To Workplace Integration, Patricia Ann Bradley, Elaine Santa Mina, Donald Rose, Edward Venzon Cruz, Sue Bookey-Bassett, Sherry Espin, Naseem Issani, Amisa Nagendiram, Teresa Cozzella, Elizabeth Manafo

International Nursing Research Congress (INRC)

Background: Internationally educated nurses (IENs) comprise 53.5% of new RN registrations in Ontario, reflecting global reliance on internationally educated health professionals to address nursing workforce shortages (1). While the College of Nurses of Ontario (CNO) implemented 2022 regulatory registration changes (2), critical gaps persist between regulatory compliance and comprehensive workplace integration, with limited evaluation frameworks and retention tracking (3).

Purpose: This qualitative descriptive study investigates workplace integration experiences of IENs working as Registered Nurses in Ontario post-2022 CNO regulatory registration changes, examining perspectives from both IEN and healthcare professional key informants. Grounded in the Ethical Framework for the Recruitment and …

Psychosocial And Media-Related Predictors Of Parental Weight Criticism Toward Children, Jihea Choi, Taeksoo Shin

International Nursing Research Congress (INRC)

Purpose: Parental weight-related communication significantly influences children's body image and psychosocial outcomes(1,2). As digital food media such as mukbang gains popularity, concerns have emerged regarding its impact on parental weight-focused communication(3,4). This study examined psychosocial and media-related predictors of parental weight criticism toward children in Korean families.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 750 Korean parents (N=1,075 parent-child dyads) recruited through stratified sampling. Parents of children aged 8-19 years completed validated questionnaires measuring parental weight bias, mukbang viewing attitudes and time, dissatisfaction with child's body, health concern, and weight criticism. Stepwise multiple regression identified significant predictors.

Results: Participants were …

Dating Violence And Help-Seeking Among Taiwanese Young Adults: A Gender Perspective, Wen-Li Hou

International Nursing Research Congress (INRC)

Background: Dating violence (DV) is a growing public and mental health concern among young people [1,2]. Gender-role internalization and power inequality shape both DV occurrence and help-seeking [3,4], yet Taiwan-specific qualitative evidence is limited.

Purpose: To explore DV and help-seeking among Taiwanese young adults from a gender perspective and to examine how gendered power imbalances affect coping and help-seeking behaviors.

Methods: This qualitative study used semi-structured interviews guided by the Knowledge–Attitude–Behavior (KAB) framework [5]. Nine young adults (eight women, one man; aged 19–26 years, M = 22.1) were recruited through purposive sampling. Interview transcripts were analyzed using content analysis to …

Patient As Teacher: Effects Of Cooperative Learning On A Mental Health Nursing Course, Mei-Ling Lin, Sho-Wei Liu

International Nursing Research Congress (INRC)

Background: Nursing education must prepare students not with knowledge but with the empathy and communication skills necessary to engage meaningfully with patients who experience mental illness. However, traditional lecture-based instruction often leads to fragmented knowledge and limited attitudinal change.

Purpose: This study implemented a patient-as-teacher and conducted cooperative learning model in an undergraduate course of psychiatric mental health nursing to improve students’ empathy, reduce stigma, and enhance caring competence.

Methods: A quasi-experimental design was conducted with 83 third-year nursing students enrolled in a four-year program. 42 students participated in the experiment group (patient-as-teacher learning), while 41 received conventional instruction. Validated …

Collaborative Community Partnership To Support Foster Families Caring For Medically Complex Children, Christine Rae Platt, Sally Ann Martens, Nyah Haltom, Michael Thomas, Brandon Thatcher

International Nursing Research Congress (INRC)

Background: Children in foster care experience disproportionate health challenges, particularly those with medical complexity or disabilities. Foster families often report unmet needs related to health literacy, access to care, and caregiver support. Recognizing these challenges, a university-community partnership was established with a state foster care foundation to assess current gaps and identify opportunities to strengthen health and resource support for foster families.

Purpose: To assess the needs of foster families caring for medically complex or disabled children and to collaboratively develop feasible, culturally competent strategies to address identified gaps in care and resources.

Methods: A community-based participatory approach was used …

Factors Influencing Canadian Nursing Students' Confidence, Perceptions, And Interest In Primary Care, Deanne Curnew, Julia Lukewich, Maria Mathews, Marie-Eve Poitras, Kathleen Stevens, Toni Leamon, Kennedy Deveau, Sheila Epp, Anaëlle Morin, Keirsten Smith

International Nursing Research Congress (INRC)

Background: As team-based primary care expands in Canada, efforts to prepare Registered Nurses for primary care practice are growing. Learning experiences influence students' career-related confidence, perceptions, and interest. No studies have examined Canadian nursing students' academic exposure to primary care (i.e., in undergraduate programs) or the contribution of exposure to their confidence, perceptions, and interest in practicing in primary care.

Purpose: To examine the influence of Canadian nursing education on final-year baccalaureate nursing students’ confidence, perceptions, and interest related to practicing in primary care.

Methods: We conducted an online cross-sectional study of final-year baccalaureate students from accredited nursing programs across …

Academics’ Views On Integrating Climate Change In Nursing And Midwifery: A Mixed Methods Study, Seda Guney, Seda Sarikose, Tuba Sengul, Nurten Kaya

International Nursing Research Congress (INRC)

Background: Climate change is a major global health challenge requiring integration into nursing and midwifery education [1]. Yet, evidence on educators’ awareness, concern, and curricular engagement remains limited [2].

Purpose: This study explored academics’ awareness and worry about climate change and their perspectives on integrating related content into nursing and midwifery curricula.

Design and Methods: A convergent parallel mixed-methods design guided by the Sustainability in Global Nursing framework [3] was used. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected concurrently (March–August 2025). The quantitative phase involved 160 faculty members from nursing and/or midwifery programs completing an online survey that included the Climate …

Psychosocial Pathways To Poor Sleep Among High-Stress Military Workforce: A Decision-Tree Analysis, Shih-Ting Li, Yu-Chia Hong, Yun-Cune Chang, Hui-Hsun Chiang

International Nursing Research Congress (INRC)

Purpose: Sleep disturbances are common in high-stress occupational environments and strongly influence psychological and functional outcomes. This study identified hierarchical psychosocial and occupational predictors of poor sleep among active-duty military personnel using an interpretable machine learning model.

Methods: A cross-sectional study of 1,386 Taiwanese army personnel was conducted between 2020 and 2021. Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI ≥ 5 as poor sleep). Depressive symptoms, perceived stress, and resilience were evaluated using validated scales. A chi-squared automatic interaction detection (CHAID) decision-tree algorithm was applied to identify hierarchical predictors and risk pathways in training (70%) and …

Adopting Cultural-Language Translation Technologies To Advance Equitable Older Adult Care, Abdolreza Akbarian, Rosanra Yoon, Mabel Ho, Vess Stamenova, Leinic Chung-Lee, Rui Hou, Josephine Pui-Hing Wong, Abdul-Fatawu Abdulai, Anoushka Anoushka, Andrew Marciniak

International Nursing Research Congress (INRC)

Purpose: In this study, we aim to advance equitable access to culture-language-concordant care for older immigrants in long-term care (LTC) and homecare settings by examining current evidence and engaging interest holders in critical dialogue.

Background: Older immigrants with limited English/French proficiency experience language and cultural barriers that compromise safety, person-centred care, and social inclusion. Language translation technologies offer potential solutions, yet their acceptability, feasibility, and equity implications in elder care remain unclear.

Methods: Using Arksey and O’Malley’s framework and Joanna Briggs Institute’s Population-Concept-Context approach, we conducted a scoping review of empirical studies (2005–2024) on cultural-language translation apps and devices used …

Ai-Guided Psychodrama Materials For Psychiatric Nursing: Feasibility Of Ai-Validated Synthetic Cases, Yen-Chung Ho, Chien Mei Sung

International Nursing Research Congress (INRC)

Background: Psychodrama is widely used in psychiatric–mental health nursing to help learners recognize and reorganize dysfunctional family-of-origin or role patterns, but faculty still lack standardized, reproducible, and ethically safe scripts (Giacomucci, 2021; Beauvais, Özbas, & Wheeler, 2019; Çataldas, Atkan, & Eminoğlu, 2024). Recent work on AI in nursing education and on privacy-preserving synthetic data suggests that high-fidelity, non–patient-derived materials can be generated if outputs are quality-checked (Lifshits & Rosenberg, 2024; Cucci, 2025; Qian et al., 2024; Mendes, Barbar, & Refaie, 2025).

Purpose: To test the feasibility of an AI workflow that generates a synthetic psychodrama case, converts it into multimodal …

Recommendations For Hiv Testing Locations To Reach Youth And Emerging Adults: A Qualitative Study, Henna Budhwani, Gerard Thomas Hogan, Alexis Micheau, Angulique Y. Outlaw, Michael J. Mugavero, Mallory O. Johnson, Robert A. Oster, Lisa B. Hightow-Weidman, Sylvie Naar, Janet M. Turan

International Nursing Research Congress (INRC)

Background: Youth and emerging adults aged 18-29 year are one of the few groups with rising rates of new HIV infections in the United States (US), with those in the southern US being more vulnerable and at elevated risk of acquisition. This is dues to a confluence of factors including but not limited to low HIV testing rates, high levels of stigma, and high rates of poverty in the region. Thus, understanding where and how to reach youth and emerging adults in the under resourced southern US for prevention is essential for advancing the Ending the HIV Epidemic goals.

Methods: …

Design Thinking: An Approach To Interdisciplinary Cooperation For Nursing Education, Su-Hui Tsai, Wei-Cheng Chang

International Nursing Research Congress (INRC)

Background: Rapid changes in healthcare education demand innovative strategies that transcend disciplinary boundaries. Traditional nursing curricula often provide limited opportunities for interdisciplinary collaboration, which restricts students’ problem-solving and creative competencies. This project applied the Design Thinking (DT) framework as an innovative pedagogical model to foster collaboration among nurses and other healthcare professionals. The purpose was to enhance collaborative learning, creativity, empathy, and problem-solving in nursing education.

Methods: A mixed-methods design was employed. A total of 60 participants (including nursing students and other healthcare professionals) engaged in the five phases of design thinking—empathize, define, ideate, prototype, and test—to co-create healthcare solutions …

Effectiveness Of A Multifaceted Educational Program For Patients Receiving Oral Anticoagulants, Yu-Hsia Tsai, Meei-Fang Lou, Chi-Tai Kuo, Her-Kun Chang, Kuo-Liong Chien, Bih-Shya Gau, Lai-Chu See

International Nursing Research Congress (INRC)

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AFib) is a common arrhythmia associated with elevated risks of stroke and mortality. Oral anticoagulants (OACs) are prescribed to reduce stroke risk, yet many patients lack sufficient understanding of their use. Effective educational strategies are crucial for enhancing medication safety and minimizing complications.

Purpose: This study evaluated the effectiveness of a multifaceted, interactive education program for patients with AFib taking OACs. Grounded in the Health Belief Model, the intervention was delivered via a mobile application (App). Its effectiveness was compared to a control group receiving a printed brochure. Outcomes included patient knowledge, health beliefs, and medication satisfaction. …

Reduced Executive Function In Older Adults With Chronic Diseases And Subjective Cognitive Decline, Cheng-Chen Chou, Yuan-Mei Liao, Jong-Ni Lin

International Nursing Research Congress (INRC)

Background: Chronic diseases are common worldwide and are closely associated with cognitive decline. Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) refers to self-perceived worsening of memory or cognitive ability. Individuals with SCD have a two-fold higher risk of developing dementia and often experience reduced physical function, emotional problems, lower quality of life, and an increased risk of falls. However, research on cognitive function and related factors among older adults with chronic diseases who report SCD remains limited.

Purpose: To compare cognitive and executive function in older adults with chronic diseases with and without SCD, and to identify factors associated with cognitive and executive …

Embedding Nursing Student Researchers In Health System Change: Insights From An Ontario Health Team, Adam Bursey, Izzar Linares, Rosanra Yoon

International Nursing Research Congress (INRC)

Background: Embedding nursing students as researchers within health systems provides meaningful opportunities for experiential learning and mutual capacity building (Menzies et al., 2021). Students gain hands-on experience navigating interdisciplinary environments, while health system partners benefit from added analytic support and strengthened academic connections (Menzies et al., 2021). Despite its value, opportunities for nursing students to participate in embedded research remain limited and are shaped by program structures and funding availability (Corbett et al., 2023). Expanding such experiences is essential to prepare future nurse leaders with the competencies needed to address complex health system challenges (Slattery et al., 2016). This reflexive …

Communication Innovation: Developing A Bilingual Communication Board Validated By Lawshe’S Cvr, Natalie Palau, Amy Valenta

International Nursing Research Congress (INRC)

Hospitalized families with Limited English Proficiency (LEP) can encounter communication barriers during routine interactions due to limited interpreter access, increasing the risk for adverse events and reducing satisfaction. At a freestanding pediatric hospital neurology unit, 67.3% of nurses reported difficulty communicating basic needs and 60% felt dissatisfaction with current LEP communication methods. To address these challenges and enhance communication, a bilingual communication board, featuring English and Spanish captions alongside illustrative icons, was developed and validated.

Experts, identified as nursing staff and Spanish and English-speaking caregivers, evaluated each icon and caption for clarity and accuracy using a four-point scale. Analysis using …

Predicting Providers Intent To Screen For Opioid Use Disorder And Refer To Methadone Treatment, Gregory Carter, Wendy Miller

International Nursing Research Congress (INRC)

Nurses are often the first point of contact for individuals with opioid use disorder, yet screening and referral rates for methadone treatment vary among healthcare providers. To address this gap, our study explored how provider demographic factors, practice characteristics, and Theory of Planned Behavior constructs predict intentions to screen for opioid use disorder and refer patients to methadone treatment. A national survey of n=1,033 providers (registered nurses, nurse practitioners, physicians, and physician assistants), assessed attitudes, norms, perceived control, opioid stigma, vicarious trauma, and screening intention. Hierarchical regression analyzed predictors across demographic, theoretical, and contextual factors.

Registered nurses exhibited a significantly …

Family Support As A Correlate Of Self-Care In Older Adults With Diabetes In The Us, Solomon Tagbor, Diane E. Berish

International Nursing Research Congress (INRC)

Background: Family support and the maintenance of functional ability are crucial for managing diabetes among older adults (OA). In the United States, diabetes affects 29.2% of OA, and its management is complicated by frailty, polypharmacy, and hospitalizations (Bellary et al., 2021). Supporting individuals’ self-care ability and activities of daily living (ADL) independence can help to support diabetes management. Family support may influence the self-care ability needed for independent diabetes management, but it is less studied. The social-ecological model guided this study (Tudge et al., 2022).

Purpose: To examine the association between family support and self-care ability among OA with diabetes …

Advancing Equity In Hiv Prevention And Care For Women: A Nurse-Led Model In Ontario, Roya Haghiri-Vijeh, Karen Campbell, Molly Bennerman, Grace Chiutsi, Tamara Barnett, Ramesh Venkatesa Perumal, Mia Biondi

International Nursing Research Congress (INRC)

Background: Cisgender and transgender women experience persistent inequities in HIV prevention, diagnosis, and treatment, often compounded by systemic barriers and stigma (Threats et al., 2021; Sanchez et al., 2025). Nurse-led, women-centered models of care offer promising strategies to address these gaps, yet evidence on their implementation remains limited (Relf, 2022).

Purpose: This study explored barriers and facilitators to HIV/STBBI prevention and treatment within women-led, nurse-facilitated models of care in Ontario, Canada, to inform the co-design of inclusive, trauma- and violence-informed approaches.

Methods: Guided by community and service provider advisory boards, five stakeholder groups were engaged: women with lived/living experience, AIDS …

Advancing Global Health Equity Through Co-Produced Hypertension Care In Rural Ghana, Sandra Peniston

International Nursing Research Congress (INRC)

Introduction: Hypertension, often called the “silent killer,” is a leading cause of preventable death and disability from non-communicable diseases (NCDs) worldwide. Its disproportionate burden in low- and middle-income countries highlights global health inequities, where limited access to primary care, diagnostics, and long-term management perpetuates avoidable suffering. In Ghana’s rural Savannah Region, hypertension often remains undiagnosed and uncontrolled. The Co-Produced Hypertension Adult Intervention (CO-HEART) addresses this inequity by strengthening primary health care (PHC) through a community-and provider-driven, context-specific approach.

Methods: Guided by Participatory Action Research, decolonising principles, and the Six Steps in Quality Intervention Development framework, CO-HEART engaged nurses, clinicians, district …

Factors Influencing Self-Efficacy Among Nurse Practitioners In Taiwan, Shu-Ting Tseng, Hsiu-Ju Chang

International Nursing Research Congress (INRC)

Purpose: Unlike in Western countries, where nurse practitioners (NPs) have greater autonomy, NPs in Taiwan face regulatory restrictions that may affect their self-efficacy. However, how these structural and cultural factors shape their experiences remains underexplored. This study aims to examine how Taiwan's healthcare environment and policies influence NPs' self-efficacy.

Methods: This phenomenological study used online focus group interviews with licensed hospital-based nurse practitioners in Taiwan (Jan–Jul 2025). Participants were recruited through a purposive sampling strategy and snowball sampling. Data were analyzed using Colaizzi's method with NVivo, supported by peer debriefing, reflective journaling, and expert-validated interview guidelines (S-CVI = 0.91–0.98).

Results: …

Advancing Graduate Nursing Education: Innovative Curriculum For Global Leadership And Health Equity, Stacey Grenier, Jennifer A. Wentzel, Stephanie Gingerich, Gudrun Jonsdottir, Judith Pechacek, Helga Bragadóttir

International Nursing Research Congress (INRC)

Background: For over a decade, the international academic partnership between universities in the United States and a Nordic country has enriched graduate nursing education through a global leadership immersion course grounded in partnership theory (Bragadóttir et al., 2020; Eisler & Potter, 2014; Gingerich et al, 2024). This past year, faculty intentionally redesigned the week-long course using innovative curriculum design principles, integrating the American Organization for Nursing Leadership (AONL) Nurse Leader Core Competencies (AONL, 2024), Sigma's Global Nursing Leadership Competency Framework (Sigma Nursing, n.d.), and Liberating Structures (Liberating Structures, n.d.).

Purpose: This forward-thinking approach leveraged innovative curriculum design to transform an …

Predictors Of Possible Sarcopenia And The Role Of Psychomotor Frailty In People With Schizophrenia, Pei-Yi Chen, Yia-Ping Liu, Chiu-Yueh Yang

International Nursing Research Congress (INRC)

Background: People with schizophrenia commonly experience physical health decline, including reduced muscle mass and strength due to medication and a sedentary lifestyle, leading to sarcopenia and greater health risks. In 2019, the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) introduced "possible sarcopenia" to promote early detection and prevention.

Objective: This study aims to investigate the prevalence and predictors of possible sarcopenia in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorder.

Methods: This multicenter cross-sectional study recruited 216 participants aged 18–65 from two psychiatric teaching hospitals in northern Taiwan through convenience sampling. Structured questionnaires assessed demographics, the Frailty Assessment Scale for Schizophrenia (FASS), Positive and …

Human-Centered Ai For Nursing Workload Optimization: Advancing Clinical Quality And Reducing Burnout, Alexis Collier

International Nursing Research Congress (INRC)

Nursing professionals face increasing administrative and cognitive burdens that contribute to fatigue, burnout, and compromised patient safety. Despite the proliferation of electronic health records (EHRs), current systems often amplify rather than alleviate workload complexity. This study, developed under the AIM-AHEAD CLINAQ Fellowship, explores a human-centered artificial intelligence (AI) framework to optimize nursing workload distribution while promoting clinical equity and efficiency.

The project applies design-thinking methodology and interdisciplinary collaboration across informatics, data science, and clinical practice. Using EHR-derived activity logs and observational data, a predictive model was developed to identify high-intensity workflow patterns and recommend task reallocation strategies. The algorithm integrates …

Algorithmic Bias In Ai: Preparing Nurses For Critical And Culturally Safe Engagement, Claire Song, Tanvir Gill, Pamela Cawley

International Nursing Research Congress (INRC)

AI is increasingly used in healthcare and education, often framed as a tool for efficiency and objectivity. Yet, these systems are trained on data shaped by Western biomedical norms, reproducing structural and cultural biases. Deep learning does not create new knowledge; it reorganizes existing information. When that data-electronic health records, clinical trials, DSM-based tools- reflects Western perspectives, inequities are amplified under the guise of neutrality.

Consider mental health tools built on DSM frameworks, which pathologize non-Western expressions of distress. Despite the American Psychiatric Association’s 2021 acknowledgment of structural racism, AI-driven assessments still rely on instruments like PHQ-9 and GAD-7. Bias …

Beyond Surviving: Resilience In Advanced Practice Nursing Students, Gerard Thomas Hogan

International Nursing Research Congress (INRC)

Purpose: Advanced practice graduate nursing students (APGNS)—including nurse anesthesia, nurse practitioner, midwifery, and clinical nurse specialist students—face intense academic and clinical demands affecting mental health and learning outcomes. The shift from 24–28-month master’s to 36-month doctoral programs has amplified stressors, especially for nurse anesthesia students. This integrative review examines resilience development, measurement, and outcomes amid evolving educational demands.

Methods: Guided by Whittemore and Knafl’s integrative review method (2005), a systematic search of PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, and PsycINFO (2010–2025) identified 204 studies; 24 met inclusion criteria. Studies addressed resilience or related constructs among graduate nursing students. Quality appraisal used Joanna Briggs …

Current Icu Practices And Barriers To Calm Icu Guideline Uptake, Anne Mette Noerby Adams, Hila Dafny, Maria Alejandra Pinero De Plaza, Joanne Mcintyre, Xia Jin, Shailesh Bihari, Kay Bruce, Cherie Waite, Heather Block, Kathrine De Lyster, Frances Fengzhi Lin

International Nursing Research Congress (INRC)

Background: Agitation in the intensive care unit (ICU) can compromise patient safety, prolong recovery, and contribute to staff injuries. While pharmacological interventions are sometimes necessary, they carry risks such as oversedation, delirium, and prolonged mechanical ventilation. The CALM ICU guideline provides recommendations for the non-pharmacological prevention and management of patient agitation. However, guidance on how to implement these strategies in complex ICU environments remains limited.

Aim: To explore current ICU practices and stakeholder perspectives on the barriers and facilitators to implementing non-pharmacological strategies for managing agitation.

Methods: This mixed-methods study used an exploratory sequential design guided by the i-PARIHS framework. …

Research Into Practice: International Standards For Home Healthcare Nursing Practice, Mary Curry Narayan, Marilyn D. Harris, Susan M. Hinck

International Nursing Research Congress (INRC)

Introduction: Home healthcare nursing (HHN) is any nursing care provided in people’s homes. It includes low to very high acuity nursing services that people need throughout their lifespans (Narayan, 2025). Future trends predict nursing care around the world is migrating into people’s homes (Chabouh et al., 2023) because the home setting is frequently more patient-centered, more effective, and less costly than care in facilities (Rusli et al., 2025). HHN has a distinctive set of attitudes, knowledge, skills and goals (Hinck, 2022) that may vary by country. At the same time, the World Health Organization (WHO; 2025) encourages nurses to enhance …

Developing A Reliable And Valid Sbl Scenario To Ensure Fidelity In Nursing Research, Laura C. Sessions, Marguerite Lucea, Hayley Mark, Susan King

International Nursing Research Congress (INRC)

Background: The Healthcare Simulation Standards of Best Practice framework (1) guides the design of healthcare simulation and related research. These standards advance the science of simulation by enhancing rigor in simulation design to support interventional fidelity. Few studies describe how to achieve this goal (2,3,4). The aim of this study was to develop and validate a rigorous scenario to examine the impact of simulation-based learning (SBL) on nursing students’ self-efficacy in communicating about stigmatized health topics (e.g., intimate partner violence (IPV) and sexually transmitted infections (STIs)).

Methods: Content experts in IPV, STI, and SBL designed the scenario using a standardized …