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Decrements Of Muscle Protein Synthesis With Unloading Are Not Due To Insufficient Concentrations Of Intramuscular Leucine, Shaik T. Ullah, Kevin Shimkus, Yasaman Shirazi-Fard, Camilo Pohlenz, Jacqueline Perticone, Del Gatlin, Harry Hogan, James Fluckey

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Skeletal muscle mass and strength play critical roles in quality of life, and significant muscle atrophy contributes to reduced function and can exacerbate some disease states. It is well-known that persistent reductions of mechanical loading in skeletal muscle result in degeneration. Generally, reductions of muscle protein synthesis are, at least in part, a major culprit with muscle loss under these conditions, and numerous countermeasures such as exercise and nutritional supplements, known to stimulate protein synthesis have been designed to maintain muscle mass under those conditions. Amino acid supplementation, particularly with branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), has been suggested as a countermeasure …

Auscultation And Oscillometry Result In Different Blood Pressure Readings When Using Visual Display On An Ios Operated Device, Nathan D. Mcclain, Matthew J. Garver

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

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Twenty-One Days Of Lunar Environment Alters Muscle Fiber Areas In Mouse Gastrocnemius, Edwin M. Savio, Kevin L. Shimkus, Jeff M. Hord, John Will Deaver, Michael P. Wiggs, Brandon R. Macias, Florence Lima, Ramon D. Boudreaux, Yasaman Shirazi-Fard, Elizabeth S. Greene, Les A. Braby, Harry A. Hogan, John M. Lawler, Susan A. Bloomfield, James D. Fluckey

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

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3b-Hydroxy-5a-Androst-1-En-17-One Increases Testosterone Bioavailability Through Downregulation Of Sex Hormone Binding Globulin Protein, Lisa T. Jansen, Jorge Granados, Halie Harton, Matthew R. Kuennen

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

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The Effect Of Exercise Intensity On Postprandial Blood Lipids In Physically-Inactive Men, Laurel A. Littlefield Ph.D., Zacharias Papadakis M.S., Katie M. Rogers B.S., Jose Moncada-Jiminez Ph.D., J. Kyle Taylor Ph.D., Peter W. Grandjean Ph.D., Facsm

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

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The Effects Of Vespa Amino Acid Mixture On Cycling Performance During A 20k Time Trial, Sebastian Haynes, Adam Parker

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The effects of Vespa Amino Acid Mixture on cycling performance during a 20k time trial.

Sebastian Haynes and Adam Parker, Ph.D.

Department of Kinesiology

Angelo State University, San Angelo, TX

Category: Undergraduate

Mentor: Adam Parker ([email protected])

Abstract

Vespa amino acid mixture (VAAM) is a nutritional supplement derived from the Asian Mandarin Wasp (Vespa Mandarina). VAAM has been shown to enhance lipolysis in rat adipocytes and is purported to improve endurance performance via enhanced fat metabolism. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects VAAM on cycling performance during a 20k time trial. 10 trained, male cyclists …

Validity Of A Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaire For Adults With Intellectual Disability, Brooke Marie Bouza

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Nutrition professionals consider individuals with intellectual disabilities to be nutritionally vulnerable or at risk for becoming overweight or obese. Presently there is limited empirical evidence regarding the nutritional habits and education of individuals with intellectual disabilities. Currently the Special Olympics Healthy Athletes program has become the largest global public health organization dedicated to serving people with intellectual disabilities. In 2012, Special Olympics Texas provided nearly 1,600 health screenings to athletes. The screenings provide surveillance information for public health organizations in the use of health planning, prevention, and promotion. The purpose of this study was to examine the validity of a …

Effect Of Resistance Exercise Intensity On The Mrna Expression Of Pgc-1Α Isoforms In Human Skeletal Muscle, Neil A. Schwarz, Sarah K. Mckinley, Mike Spillane, Joshua J. Gann, Thomas L. Andre, Darryn S. Willoughby

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

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Convergent Validity Of Physical Activity Devices In Adults With Unilateral Transtibial Amputation: Case Study, Cm Veal, D Crawford, J New, Cp Dionne, Sb Sisson

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

C.M. Veal¹, D. Crawford², J. New¹, C.P. Dionne²,S.B. Sisson¹; ¹Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK ²Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK

PURPOSE: To determine convergent validity of physical activity device measurement in adults with unilateral transtibial amputation for step count, time in light physical activity (LPA), time in moderate physical activity (MPA), and classification of physical activity (PA) intensity. METHODS: Adults with unilateral transtibial amputation (n=2) voluntarily participated in this single-visit, lab-based assessment. Exclusion …

Practical Application Of Research Outcomes In The Field For Elite Athletes, David B. Pyne

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Coaches, athletes and practitioners are keen to employ effective evidence-based interventions and strategies in the field to reduce the risk of illness compromising training and competitive performance. Factors affecting immune function and the risk of illness in athletes include: the volume, intensity and load of exercise training, degree of exposure to pathogens, underlying health and medical status of individual athletes, lifestyle behaviours including nutrition, sleep and recovery, and psychosocial issues related to training and competition. Given the lack of specific research studies on elite athletes it is necessary to look more broadly at related disciplines including clinical immunology, general medicine, …

Mucosal Defences, Antimicrobial Protein Concentrations And Risk Of Infection In Athletes, Michael Gleeson

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The mucosal immune system functions as the first line of defence against pathogen invasion by preventing microbes adhering to mucosal surfaces and interrupting pathogen replication during transcytosis through epithelial cells. An important part of this defence mechanism is the secretion of antimicrobial proteins (AMPs) that have a broad range of activities against microorganisms including the direct inactivation of viruses. Some AMPs including lysozyme, lactoferrin, cathelicidin and defensins are produced by epithelial cells, neutrophils and macrophages in the lungs and are secreted into the biofilm covering the inner surface of the airways, thereby creating a barrier that is chemically lethal to …

Immune And Acute Phase Markers In Exercising Adults, P. Horn, N. West, D. Pyne, M. Brun, S. Barret, G. Koerbin, P. Fricker, S. Lahtinen, A. Cripps

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Many reports have documented the anti-inflammatory effects of regular exercise in adults. However clinicians and researchers remain uncertain on selecting specific biomarkers that are useful for predicting or monitoring chronic inflammatory states and/or disease. Clearer identification of markers (or clusters of markers) in physically active individuals that vary from established references ranges will indicate the extent of the purported anti-inflammatory effect of regular exercise.

Physically active adults were recruited from the community to participate in a prospective study comparing self-reported health outcomes and exercise activity across 150 days of dietary intervention. Of the 450 participants recruited, 64 males (mean age …

Effects Of “Living High-Training Low” On Male/Female Obese Adolescent’S Morphological Indices And Glucose/Lipid Metabolism, Ru Wang, Hong-Xia Wang, Ya-Li Xu, P.R.Mabounda Kounga, Pei-Jie Chen

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Abstract

Objective:This study aims to investigate the effects of 4 weeks living high-training low (HiLo) on obese adolescent’s body composition, glucose/lipid metabolism and gender differences.

Method: 37 overweight and obese adolescents (13-16 old), volunteers participated in the fully closed weight-loss exercises. They were randomly divided into two groups as the normal oxygen group (n=19) and hypoxia group (n=18) and exercised an intervention for four-weeks. For the normal oxygen group, aerobic exercises and diet control intervention methods were used. Exercise intensity and individualized exercise prescription were based upon subject health condition and exercise tolerance test. Dieticians according to subject basal …

Effects Of Carbohydrate And Green Tea Co-Ingestion On Performance, Metabolism And Hormone During Cycling Exercise, Shih-Hua Fang

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

It has been known that carbohydrate intake during exercise can improve athletic performance, and caffeine can extend exercise endurance. Green tea containing caffeine and various polyphenols has been suggested beneficial to athletes due to anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. Therefore, this study investigated the influence of carbohydrate and green tea co-ingestion on the performance, metabolism and hormone during high-intensity road cycling exercise.

Nine well-trained male cyclists, aged 17.8 ± 1.0 yr, participated this acute-treatment, double-blind, crossover study that included 6.4-km cycling time trial. Participants ingested carbohydrate (240 mg/kg body mass fructose and 120 mg/kg body mass glucose) without (CHO group) and …

Effect Of Extracted Garlic Powder Ingestion For Two Months On Exercise-Induced Immunological Responses, Ayaka Sunami, Hiroshi Tamura, Mikako Sunaga, Naoki Katori, Akira Yokota, Syuichi Kusano, Toshiaki Kodama, Takahiro Yoshizaki, Yuri Yokoyama, Ayumi Nakai, Jyun Yasuda, Yuki Tada, Azumi Hida, Yuko Hasegawa, Yukari Kawano

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Introduction. Exhaustive exercise is associated with an increased risk of upper respiratory tract infection. Previously, allicin supplementation has been reported to reduce the incidence of common cold symptoms and production of exercise-induced interleukin (IL)-6. However, it is not clear if daily ingestion of the edible portion of whole garlic (Allium sativum) alters the exercise-induced immunological response. The present study investigated the effects of extracted garlic powder ingestion for 2 months on immune cell counts, natural killer cell activity (NKCA), as well as changes in cytokines, cortisol, and lactic acid in response to high-intensity cycling exercise.

Methods. The present …

Body Mass Index And Vo2max Relationship Of Fkui Fitness Challenge 2012 Participants In Gelora Bung Karno Jakarta, Dinastry Pramadita, Angelica Anggunadi, Muhammad Ikhwan Zein, Sophia B. Hage, Veranika Darmidy

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Introduction: In determining fatness the most common technique is measuring body mass index (BMI). Scientific evidence showed that risk of premature illness and death is greater for those who are overweight but also increased in individuals who are underweight. BMI is useful to screen general population although it fails to differentiate fat from lean body mass or determine where the most of the fat is located.

Maximum oxygen consumption determined by VO_2max is maximal amount of oxygen that human body can utilize per minute of physical activity. VO_2max shows cardiorespiratory endurance as aerobic fitness parameter. Higher oxygen consumption …

Relationship Between Macrophage Differentiation And The Chemotactic Activity Toward Damaged Muscle Cells, Hiromi Yano, Masataka Uchida, Eri Oyanagi, Akira Yamauchi, Michael J. Kremenik

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Aim: We investigated the effect of macrophage differentiation on the chemotactic activity to invade local damaged muscle using in vitro models of muscle injury. Methods: C2C12 cell myoblasts, and J774 cell macrophages were used. The “killed-C2C12” cells were combined with live C2C12 cells (live:killed C2C12 = 1:0.5) as a partially damaged muscle model. The J774 cells were stimulated with LPS and DEX. The chemotactic activity of J774 cells was examined using TAXIScan device. Results: Although the velocity of J774 cells was little affected by each type of C2C12 cells (live, killed and combination), the directionality of the J774 cells was …

Inflammation And Resolution In Exercise-Induced Skeletal Muscle Injury: The Effect Of Nsaid Treatment On Pro-Inflammatory And Anti-Inflammatory/Pro-Resolving Lipid Mediators., James F. Markworth, Luke Vella, Krishna R. Maddipati, David Cameron-Smith

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Current approaches in the treatment of exercise-induced muscle injury rely on the inhibition of pro-inflammatory pathways to alleviate cardinal signs of inflammation; redness, swelling, heat and pain. However, recent research suggests that the cellular events which occur early in acute inflammation engage an active and coordinated inflammatory resolution program characterised by a switch from pro-inflammatory mediators to production of active pro-resolution factors that govern the withdrawal of inflammation whilst facilitating tissue healing. This led to the identification of novel classes of anti-inflammatory/pro-resolving lipid mediators, including the lipoxins (LX), resolvins (Rv), and protectins (P), which may provide new targets in the …

Exhaustive Exercise Enhances Immune Response To Flagellin Via Adrenaline-Mediated Up-Regulation Of Tlr5 Expression, Uchida Masataka, Oyanagi Eri, Miyachi Motohiko, Kremenik J. Michael, Onodera Sho, Yano Hiromi

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Objective: We already reported that lipopolysacchride (LPS)-induced tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α production as a bacterial infection model to induce immune response, was inhibited by exhaustive exercise. However, it remains unclear whether or not the immune response to flagellin (FG), which binds to toll like receptor 5(TLR5) and induces pro-inflammatory cytokine production, is also inhibited by this severe exercise. The aim of this study was to determine whether or not exhaustive exercise affects TNF-α productions after FG injection in mice. Methods: Both exhaustive-exercised (EX; n=12) and non-exercised (N-EX; n=12) male C3H/HeN mice were injected with FG (1 mg/kg, i.v), and blood …

Time-Course Of Transcriptomic Responses In Skeletal Muscle During Recovery From Endurance Exercise Indicates Prolonged Muscular Inflammation, Oliver Neubauer, Surendran Sabapathy, Jonathan M. Peake, Kevin J. Ashton, Barbara Wessner, Ben Desbrow, Ross Lazarus, David Cameron-Smith, Karl-Heinz Wagner, Luke J. Haseler, Andrew C. Bulmer

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Introduction

Re-programming of gene expression is fundamental for skeletal muscle adaptations in response to endurance exercise. Although inflammatory responses in muscle following muscle-damaging exercise can persist for days, there is a paucity of global gene expression data beyond 48 hours following exercise. This study aimed to investigate the changes in the transcriptome of skeletal muscle until 96 hours after an endurance exercise trial (EXTRI; one hour of cycling followed by one hour of running). Data on the transcriptome of circulating neutrophils from participants in the current study indicated that the neutrophil transcriptional activity was related to the muscle-damaging component of …

Exploring The Mechanisms Behind The Effects Of Chronic Bovine Colostrum Supplementation On Risk Of Upper Respiratory Tract Infection, Arwel W. Jones, Rhys Thatcher, Luis A J Mur, Simon J S Cameron, Marikka Beecroft, Glen Davison

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Chronic bovine colostrum (COL) supplementation has been shown to reduce the incidence of upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Fifty seven highly active males (aged 18-62) were randomised to daily supplementation of 20g of COL (N = 28) or an isoenergetic/isomacronutrient placebo (PLA) (N = 29) for 12 weeks under double-blind procedures. Daily illness and weekly activity logs were completed. Resting blood samples collected at baseline and at 12 weeks were analysed for total/differential leukocyte counts and in-vitro stimulated neutrophil oxidative burst. Metabolomic profiling of serum samples at these timepoints was performed using fourier transform …

Effect Of Ageing And Exercise Training On Myokine Expression Responses To Acute Exercise, Paul A. Della Gatta, Michelle M. Farnfield, Jonathan M. Peake, Andrew P. Garnham, David Cameron-Smith

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Age-related muscle loss is a major contributor to falls, fraility and mortality. It has been widely suggested that chronic, age-related inflammation contributes to the gradual loss of skeletal muscle mass that occurs with ageing. Indeed, ageing is associated with elevations in a number of circulating inflammatory proteins, many of which have detrimental effects on skeletal muscle growth and protein balance. Exercise training has been shown to reduce chronic inflammation and, therefore, may represent an appropriate means to reduce age-related inflammation and counteract sarcopenia. Yet few studies have evaluated the effect of aging on skeletal muscle expression of inflammatory proteins and …

Healthy Body Healthy Mind: Trialling An Exercise Intervention For Reducing Depression In Youth With Major Depressive Disorder, Robin Callister Prof, Adriana Giles, Yasmina Nasstasia, Amanda L. Baker, Ben Dascombe, Sean Halpin, Leanne Hides, Brian Kelly

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Introduction: Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) has high prevalence among adolescents and young adults but evidence of any effective treatments is limited. Exercise as an effective treatment for adults has some support but studies in younger populations are lacking. MDD is associated with inflammation and exercise may contribute to reductions in inflammatory marker levels. Therefore the aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of brief motivational interviewing (MI) plus 12-weeks exercise training as a treatment for MDD in youth.

Methods: Youth (15-25 years) with MDD were recruited to participate in a prospective trial investigating exercise as …

Measuring The Effects Of Pre-Workout Supplementation On Resting Metabolic Rate, R. Harper, V. Sodhi, A. Torre, M. Lafferty

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Please view abstract in the attached PDF file.

Creatine Kinase, Lactate Dehydrogenase, And Myoglobin Responses Following Repeated Wingate Anaerobic Tests Versus Barbell Back Squats: A Pilot Study, Jocarol E. Shields, Matt S. Stock, Micheal J. Luera, Ibrahim K. Munayer, John C. Young

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The results from many previous studies have demonstrated that muscle damage and delayed onset muscle soreness are due primarily to high force, eccentric muscle actions. However, the majority of investigators have examined these responses following single-joint, isokinetic assessments. The purpose of this study was to examine creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and myoglobin responses following repeated Wingate anaerobic tests versus multiple sets of the barbell back squat exercise. Six recreationally resistance-trained men (mean ± SD age = 23 ± 2 years, body mass = 88.0 ± 17.8 kg, one repetition-maximum [1RM] back squat = 150.0 ± 28.3 kg) volunteered …

Prevalence Of Overweight And Obesity In Asian American Students Using Asian Specific Criteria To Determine Weight Classification, Jennette P. Moreno, Craig A. Johnston, Sarah Aimadeddine, Deborah L. Whoeler

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Individuals of Asian descent have been found to be at greater risk of developing conditions associated with obesity at lower BMI levels compared to other ethnic groups. As a result, new criteria have been developed to identify overweight and obesity in Asian populations. The purpose of the current study was to assess the percentage of Asian children who may be at risk for health conditions associated with obesity, but are currently overlooked when standard criteria are used to determine weight classification. Data from a larger study examining the weight status of elementary students were analyzed. Participants included 585 Asian (47% …

Exercise Knowledge, Exercise Beliefs, Physical Activity Engagement And Physical Function In Older Adults, Nicole E. Priest, Amy M. White, James B. Geeslin, Matthew J. Garver, Libby E. Mccurley

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Historically, recall surveys have been used to gather information about exercise knowledge and beliefs (EKB) and physical activity (PA). There seems to be a disconnect between what people know and believe about exercise and the choices they make about engaging in exercise. Advancements in the capacity to capture verifiable PA data have greatly improved with application of accelerometers. The ability to objectively verify PA makes reexamining the relationship between EKB and both PA and physical function (PF) worthwhile. The aim of this investigation was to revisit the relationship between EKB and PA and PF in older adults using recall surveys …

Utility Of Two Iphone Device Apps In Assessing Heart Rate At Rest And During Activity, Amy M. White, James B. Geeslin, Nicole E. Priest, Matthew J. Garver, Libby E. Mccurley, Joe D. Bell, Sheila A. Jones

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Heart rate (HR) is a critical physiological variable used for prescribing exercise, assessing fitness level and tracking fitness improvements. Electrocardiography (ECG) stands as the criterion measure of HR. While recent development of HR-detecting mobile device applications (apps) has made evaluating HR more convenient; their degree of accuracy is unknown. Therefore, the purpose of this current study was to examine the accuracy and reliability of two-iPhone applications to detect HR at rest and during low-intensity exercise conditions. Eighteen female and 22 male subjects (26 + 9.5 yrs) were prepped for simultaneous detection of HR via three methods: ECG and two HR-detecting …

Benign Conduction Abnormalities In Response To Acute, Moderately-High, Simulated Altitude Exposure, James B. Geeslin, Nicole E. Priest, Amy M. White, Matthew J. Garver, Libby E. Mccurley, Joe D. Bell, Sheila A. Jones, Dennis J. Kerrigan

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Acclimatization to altitude can improve endurance performance above levels achieved solely by training at sea level. There is natural limitation in the applicability of employing terrestrial altitude training – namely proximity. A simple, non-cumbersome method of simulating altitude is desirable to many types of endurance athletes. The Alto2Lab (Pharma Pacific Inc.), consisting of primarily a breathing tube and silo stack, has shown some potential in this role. There is a lack of evidence regarding whether simulated altitude exposure triggers abnormal cardiovascular responses. The aim of this study was to provide initial evidence of cardiac changes associated with usage patterns that …

3-Hydroxy-5alpha-Androst-1-En-17-One Enhances Muscular Gains But Impairs The Cardio-Metabolic Health Of Resistance Trained Males., Jorge Granados, Trevor Gillum, Cammie Hodges, Matthew Kuennen

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

No abstract provided.