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Leaf Appearance Rate In Brachiaria Decumbens Grown In Nitrogen And Potassium Rates, M. D. C. Ferragine, F. A. Monteiro, S. C. Da Silva

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

A greenhouse experiment was carried out with Brachiaria decumbens Stapf. cv. Basilisk grown in nutrient solution. Five nitrogen rates (42; 140; 238; 336 and 434 mg/L) and three potassium rates (78; 234 and 390 mg/L) were studied in a factorial experiment, in a randomized complete block design, with four replications. Green leaf number was evaluated in six times in the first period of growth (27, 30, 33, 36, 39 and 42 days after transplanting) and nine times in the second period (45, 48, 51, 54, 57, 60, 63, 66 and 69 days after transplanting). Data was registered in three plants …

Morphogenesis And Defoliation Frequency Of Italian Ryegrass (Lolium Multiflorum) And Paspalum Urvillei In Lowland Under Three Levels Of P And K, Fernando L. F. De Quadros, A. G. S. Pigatto, D. G. Bandinelli, E. Marchezan, Marta G. Da Rocha

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

This trial was conducted to evaluate growth dynamics and defoliation frequency of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) and Paspalum urvillei in a lowland area under three levels of P and K. Using randomization tests we observed that, in a general way, fertilizer treatments were not the determinant factors of leaf appearance and elongation rates for both species. Only the leaf appearance rate of Paspalum urvillei at 100 % of recommendation level and the elongation rate for Italian ryegrass, in the same treatment, was different. Probably other factors, like drainage, are contributing to these results. I. ryegrass phyllochron ranged from …

Effect Of Temperature On Phenology In Triple-Awned Grass (Stipagrostis Plumosa), Hossein Azarnivand, H. Dastmalchi

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Phenology of triple-awned grass in different stages of vegetative growth, flowering and seed falling was investigated. Each phenological stage was related to minimum and maximum air and soil surface temperatures. Soil surface temperature was measured two times per day during different seasons. Climate data were obtained from the nearest weather station. The study was carried out in sand dunes of band-e-rig of Kashan in the central region of Iran. This species is important in terms of wind erosion control and livestock feeding in arid areas. The results showed that air temperatures ranged from –22 ^oC to 41.5 ^oC …

Tillering Dynamics In Mombaça Grass (Panicum Maximum, Jacq.) Under Grazing, E. M. Coelho, V. R. Herling, M. A. Gomes, R. J. Schmidt, C. G. Lima

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

An experiment was conducted in Pirassununga, Southeastern Brazil, to observe tillering pattern of Mombaça grass (Panicum maximum Jacq.) after grazing. A complete randomized block design was used with treatments arranged in factorial (3 herbage allowances X 2 grazing periods). There was high and positive correlations between the total tiller population and the number of tillers until the third week after grazing, giving evidence of a higher tillering until the second week and a slight reduction on the third one. The Mombaça grass tillering dynamics alters along the weeks according the allowance level adopted.

Herbage Allowance And Nitrogen Fertilization Effects On Morphological Characteristics Of Paspalum Notatum Flügge, P. Boggiano, G. E. Maraschin, Carlos Nabinger, J. Riboldi, Mónica Cadenazzi

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The grazing study was conducted at the Estação Experimental Agronomica – UFRGS, 30^o S, on a native pasture, to evaluate the leaf area index and structural morphological traits of bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Fl.), within the requirements of a Central Composite Rotatable experimental design, providing for equal precision, with two blocks, encompassing two factors at five levels each, namely: Herbage Allowance (HA) = 4.0; 5.5; 9.0; 12.5 and 14.0 kg green dry matter per 100 kg liveweight per day (% LW), in association with Nitrogen (N) fertilization levels of 0; 30; 100; 170 and 200 kg ha^-1 as …

Defoliation And Water Deficit: Their Influence On Pasture Growth And Water Use Of White Clover, F. H. Santiñaque

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

With the objective of understanding the physiological basis of defoliation and water use relationships of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) pastures during water deficits, an experiment in controlled conditions was carried out. Outdoors nine liters pots were filled with a loam-clay soil with a water content at field capacity (FC), of 35%(w/w), at a bulk density of 1.1 g/cm³. Pre-germinated and inoculated clover seeds were transplanted, and the number of plants was adjusted to permit the development of full plant cover. The level of P in the soil did not limit plant establishment or growth. The …

Seasonal Botanical Composition And Available Forage Of Natural Grasslands In The Southeastern Range Region Of Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil, J. C. L. Reis, H. Alfaya, O. J. W. Siqueira, C. B. Farias Jr.

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The objective of the study was to verify the influence of climatic seasons on botanical composition and on available dry matter of grasslands in the physiographic region known as Serra do Sudeste (Southeastern Range), RS, Brazil. The climate is Cfb according to Koëppen`s classification. The experiment was conducted in two natural grasslands submitted to two pre-experimental stocking rates [area 1: 0.65 AU ha^-1 (normal grazing); area 2: over 2.0 AU ha^-1 (overgrazing); AU: Animal Unit = 500kg live weight]. Stocking rates throughout the experimental period (June 1996–July 1997) were 0.4 and 0.65 AU ha^-1, over winter …

Effect Of Climatic Factors On The Plant Population Dynamics In Temperate Pasture Implantation, B. Martin, R. Refi, S. Montico, M. Costanzo

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The objective of this experiment was to determine the environmental influence on seedling emergence of alfalfa and fescue in mixture. We hypothesized that the temperature and precipitation data could be used to estimate field emergence of alfalfa and fescue. A field trial was carried out at Zavalla, Argentina and consisted of sowing a tall fescue – alfalfa mixture at different seeding date (March, April and June). Relationships between the range of temperature, rainfalls and alfalfa and fescue seedling emergence were described by linear regression models. Patterns of emergence and death of alfalfa and fescue seedling were found in the different …

Dormant Bud Development In Phalaris Aquatica L., Brendan R. Cullen, P. E. Quigley, D. F. Chapman

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The formation of dormant buds is critical to the summer survival of phalaris (Phalaris aquatica L.) in pastures. Dormant buds are formed on the base of reproductive tillers as they develop in spring. This project aimed to determine the seasonal pattern of dormant bud development and the influence of grazing management on bud dynamics. Approximately three buds per reproductive tiller were formed in the spring and early summer period. These buds responded to summer rainfall, with one third of buds becoming active following a 15-mm rainfall event in mid summer. In the following growing season, on average, 1.5 buds …

Tillering Dynamics Of Panicum Maximum Jacq. Cv. Tanzania-1 After Grazing, Rodrigo A. Barbosa, Domicio Nascimento Jr., Valéria P. B. Euclides, A. J. Regazzi, D. M. Fonseca

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Tillering dynamics and tiller dry matter weight from Tanzania grass (Panicum maximum cv. Tanzania-1) were evaluated in two post-grazing stubbles (High Post-grazing Stubble – HPS-3.6 t of DM/ha and Low Post-grazing Stubble – LPS-2.3 t of DM/ha). There was no difference between post-grazing stubbles for decapitated axillary and basal remainder and new axillary tillers. The LPS presented greater number of new basal tillers. The rate of appearance of new basal and axillary tillers decreased with time after grazing. There were differences between the treatments on tiller dry matter weight, and greater values were found in the high post-graze stubble.

Suitable Seed Harvesting Time For Six Grass Species, Hossein Arzani, A. Fakhireh

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Determination of the best period of seed harvesting was considered. Six grass species were selected. The research was conducted in three stations of Alborz, Sirachal and Homand Absard. According to maturing stages, seed collection for measuring seed water content (moisture content), weight of 1000 seeds and germination percentage has been done. The result showed that there were significant differences between harvesting time on seed germination for all species in all regions. Moisture content, germination rate, weight of 1000 seeds and seed shedding were important characteristics for determination of suitable seed harvesting time.

Effect Of Nitrogen Fertilizer On Reproductive Tiller Development In Perennial Ryegrass, I. Bahmani, E. R. Thom, C. Matthew, G. Lemaire

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The objective of this study was to compare reproductive tiller development in two ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) cultivars, when fertilized with nitrogen. Plots of the cultivars ‘Grasslands Ruanui’ and ‘Ellett’ ryegrass were sown in April 1996. Half of each plot received nitrogen fertilizer (30 kg N/ha) after each grazing by dairy cows from September 1996 to May 1997 and from October 1997 to April 1998. Ryegrass tiller dynamics was monitored from September 1996 to March 1998. The proportion of reproductive tillers in the total tiller population was higher, on average, over the first flowering period (October 1996 to January …

Yield And Forage Quality In Alfalfa-Weeping Lovegrass Mixtures, H. Laborde, R. E. Brevedan, M. A. Varillas, M. N. Fioretti

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Little is known about the relative performance of weeping lovegrass in mixtures with alfalfa. Our objective was to compare the productivity and forage quality of monocultures and binary mixtures of the species. Mixtures always gave higher yields than any of the monocultures and the highest was obtained in the mixture with the largest proportion of alfalfa. In the second year weeping lovegrass N concentration in the mixtures were higher than in monoculture. Weeping lovegrass did not affect the alfalfa N concentration. There was not differences in the NDF, for between these species.

Intake And Yield Of Cynodon Nlemfuensis Alone And Associated With Leucaena Leucocephala Grazed By Sheep, J. G. Escobedo-Mex, Luis Ramírez-Avilés, Juan C. Ku-Vera

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The objective of the present study was to determine dry matter intake (DMI) and the forage yield of green dry matter (GDM) of star grass (Cynodon nlemfuensis) alone and associated with Leucaena leucocephala cv. Perú grazed by sheep. The experimental treatments were: Systems T1) Star grass alone, and T2) Star grass + L. leucocephala. These treatments were evaluated during three seasons (i.e. Late-rainy, Dry and Rainy seasons). The availability of forage was lower (P < 0.0001) in T1, 2543 kg GDM/ha, than with T2, 3092 kg GDM/ha. Green dry matter in the rainy season was greater (P < 0.0001), with 3910 kg GDM/ha, than in the late-rainy and dry seasons, 2492 and 2052 kg GDM/ha, respectively. DMI was 5.9 and 7.6 g DM/kg of LW ^0.75/hour for the T1 and T2, respectively (P < 0.0001). DMI during the rainy season was lower (P < 0.01) than that of the dry and late-rainy seasons, 6.2, 6.4 and 7.5 g DM/kg LW^0.75/hour, respectively. The association C. nlemfuensis-L. leucocephala increased the availability of …

Allelopathy Of Panicum Maximum Jacq. Cultivars On Tree And Shrub Forage Legumes: Greenhouse Estimate, A. R. P. Almeida, T. J. D. Rodrigues

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The available information about allelopathic effects of the genus Panicum on tropical forage legumes is scarce and inconclusive. Based on this fact this research was carried out, under greenhouse conditions to evaluate potential allelopathic effects of aqueous extracts (0,10 and 20%) of three cultivars of Panicum maximum Jacq. cv. Mombaça, cv. Aruana and cv. Tanzânia-1 on three forage legumes, Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit. (leucaena), Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. cv. Kaki (pigeon pea) and Sesbania sesban (L.) Merr. (sesbania) seeking for mixed grasses and legumes pastures. The following characteristics were evaluated: emergence porcentage, speed of germination index, root density, dry …

Tillage Systems In The Establishment Of Pastures In Argentinian Subhumid Area, H. Pagliaricci, C. Saroff, A. Ohanian, T. Pereyra

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The effect of three tillage systems on the number of plants produced and forage production of a pasture the first year of establishment was assessed in this experiment. The components of the pasture were alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Shreb), orchard grass (Dactilys glomerata L), and prairie grass (Bromus unioloides). Treatments were three tillage systems: conventional tillage (CT), reduced tillage (RT), and direct sowing (DS). Sowing was performed with (NI) and without fertilizers (N0) in each treatment. A split-plot experimental design with two repetitions was used, with tillage being the main factor …

Correlation Between Yield Of Forage Legumes In Grass Mixtures And Accumulation Of Soil Mineral Nitrogen In Sweden, Magnus A. Halling, David Scholefield

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Soil mineral N and DM yield of five forage legume species were investigated in field experiments at two sites in Sweden, established 1997. The species studied were: red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), lucerne (Medicago sativa L.), white clover (Trifolium repens L.), galega (Galega orientalis Lam.) and lotus (Lotus corniculatus L.), all grown in grass-legume mixed swards. No nitrogen was applied to the legumes. Results from two years of ley (1998 and 1999) are presented. Correlation was found between accumulated mineral N in the soil in the autumn and the total seasonal DM yield of the …

Introduction Of Forage Legumes Into Pastures Of Three Different Grasses, Maria T. Colozza, Joaquim C. Werner, Luciana Gerdes, E. A. Schamass, J. C. T. Freitas

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

It was evaluated the introduction of a mixture of calopo, galaxia, perennial soybean, guata and stylo broadcsted into marandu, setaria and tanzania half-plots already established in three cafeterias, each one located inside a paddock of each grass. The legumes were seeded in the end of the Spring (12/07/98), after the plots had been cut down and fertilized. The cafeterias were grazed intermittently by buffaloes maintained in the three paddocks. The occurrence of the five legume plants was avaluated by countings (#/m²) effected in the middle of Autumn, Winter and Spring of 1999 and Summer of 2000. Along with …

Allelopathy Of Panicum Maximum Jacq. Cultivars On Tree And Shrub Forage Legumes: Tolerance Index, A. R. P. Almeida, T. J. D. Rodrigues

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The objective of this work was to evaluate the tolerance of three forage legumes (Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit., Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. cv. Kaki and Sesbania sesban (L.) Merr.) to the allelopathic effects of three cultivars of Panicum maximum Jacq. (cv. Mombaça, cv. Aruana and cv. Tanzânia-1), under greenhouse conditions. The root and shoot tolerance indexes were calculated using the data of dry mass of roots and shoots of plants cultivated in pots and moistened with water or aqueous extracts (0,10 and 20%) of the cultivars of P. maximum. The results indicated that: a) the root tolerance …

Forage Legume Presence And Grazing Intensity Effect On Nitrogen Dynamics In Brachiaria Pastures In The South Of Bahia, Brazil, R. B. Cantarutti, R. Tarré, R. Macedo, C. De P. Rezende, J. M. Pereira, E. Ferreira, B. J. R. Alves, S. Urquiaga, R. M. Boddey

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The objective of this study performed in the Atlantic forest region of the South of Bahia (Brazil) was to examine the influence of the presence of the forage legume Desmodium ovalifolium in pastures of Brachiaria humidicola on the nitrogen recycled through plant litter over stocking rates of 2, 3 and 4 head ha^-1. The results demonstrated that the presence of the D. ovalifolium in the pasture significantly increased the protein content of the associated Brachiaria grass, and the rate and quantity of N recycled through the litter pathway. While had no significant increase in animal weight gain due …

Production Of Orchard-Grass Cultivars (Dactylis Glomerata) In Mixtures With Alfalfa (Medicago Sativa), Under Grazing Conditions, R. A. Barbarossa, D. P. Miñón

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In the Lower Valley of the Río Negro (northern Patagonia, Argentina), six binary mixtures of orchard-grass (Dactylis glomerata) cultivars (Porto, Currie, Filox, a Local ecotype, Pergamino El Cencerro MAG) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa) Monarca SP INTA, were tested under grazing and irrigation. Mixtures were evaluated during three growing seasons (96/97; 97/98 and 98/99). Total forage production of mixtures and botanical composition was measured (orchard-grass cultivars and alfalfa). Porto, Currie, Filox, Local and Cencerro cultivars reached similar yield, while Amba produced less forage (p< 0.05). Mixture yield showed no significant difference, except Porto + alfalfa, which was lower (p< 0.05). The grass was higher in spring (1^st grazing) of three growing seasons. Orchard-grass + alfalfa showed highest dry matter …

International Grassland Congress Outlook – A Historical Review And Future Expectations, L. R. Humphreys

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Features of the history of the International Grassland Congress are mentioned. Aspects of a number of failed themes in grassland science are described with respect to molecular biology, intensive systems of ruminant production, carbohydrate use in plant growth, plant succession and range condition, and stocking method. Future expectations are focused on meeting a balance of objectives, maintaining reductionist science, taking new initiatives in plant improvement and in the development of animal production systems, and reducing barriers to international trade. The adoption of grassland science depends upon the growth of new learning, especially through cyclical interaction between scientists and farmers.

Production Potential Of South America Grasslands, G. E. Maraschin

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Grasslands exist all over the world under a wide range of climates, soil types, topography conditions and seasonality. The South America grasslands cover a wide range of ecosystems and vegetaion types, going from desert areas to steppes, subhumid temperate, subtropical and tropical savannas embodying also portions of the tropical rain forest environment, and represent one of the Earth’s largest expanses of natural rangelands (Oesterheld et al., 1992). They represent developed ecosystems requiring acquaintance to accept sound agronomic and ecological activities. The diversity of vegetation determined by the latitudes 6^oN, down to the southern most tip of the continent …

Grassland Production And Management – Trends And Perspectives For The 21St Century, John Hodgson

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The XIX International Congress is set in a time of unprecedented change, with increasing uncertainty about the long-term sustainability of established systems of land use. The major threats are the continuing rapid increase in the human population of the world, the pressure on land resources to meet food requirements, the effects of global warming on climate stability, and the consequence of these factors on land resource stability and food production potential. Overlying these threats is the impact of the global economy on land use policies.

Projections made at the XVIII International Grassland Congress in 1997 suggested that food production could …

Analysis And Countermeasure Of Unbalanced Ecology System Of Chinese Temperate Grassland, Xinshi Lu, Lin Ai

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

No abstract provided.

Critical Pasture, Seasonal Grazing And Sustainable Development Of Grassland Animal Husbandry Production In China, Quangong Chen, Yulin Mao

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

No abstract provided.

Finding New Strategies To Rehabilitate Grasslands In Western China, David R. Kemp, Z. B. Nan, J. P. Wu, J. F. Yun, Z. Xu

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

No abstract provided.

Practice Of Rangeland Co‐Management In Hongyuan, Bai Ze

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

No abstract provided.

Grassland Resources In Liaoning Province Of China: Problems And Management Strategies, Guijuan Du, Jiaming Zheng

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

No abstract provided.

Water Resources Development And Utilization In The Pastoral Area Of China And Grassland Ecological Protection, Jiao Yong

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

No abstract provided.