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The Research Of The Rehabilitation Of Deteriotated Leymus Chinense Grasslands, Hu Ming-Ge, Lu Ping-Zhang, Wang Yu-Lin
The Research Of The Rehabilitation Of Deteriotated Leymus Chinense Grasslands, Hu Ming-Ge, Lu Ping-Zhang, Wang Yu-Lin
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
There are vast zones of Leymus chinense grassland which are the type of grassland with high yield and good quality in Inner Mongolia and North-East of China. Since 1960's because of the overuse of the land and other natural factors this excellent grassland suffered from deterioration differently. The further development of animal husbandry was directly influenced. In order to prevent grassland deterioration, a series of techniques in renewing the grassland have been found out with notable economical results.
Pasture Production And Quality In A Cool Oceanic Climate, H Bjornsson, J Hermannsson
Pasture Production And Quality In A Cool Oceanic Climate, H Bjornsson, J Hermannsson
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In Iceland cool oceanic climate prevails, as the geographic location extends from the polar circle to three degrees latitude to the south and the island is warmed by a branch of the Gulf stream. Animal production is the main agricultural activity and it relies on good conditions for grass growth. In the following we sumarize some recent experimental results on the production of herbage in Iceland.
Methods Of Establishment Of Improved Pastures In Steep, Non-Arable Alpine Lands Of Yunnan Province, China, Kui Jia-Xiang, R N. Glencross, Liu Huai, Chen Xiong
Methods Of Establishment Of Improved Pastures In Steep, Non-Arable Alpine Lands Of Yunnan Province, China, Kui Jia-Xiang, R N. Glencross, Liu Huai, Chen Xiong
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The alpine areas in Yunnan (alt. > 3 000 m) amount to about 10 % of the total land area in the province. (He et al., 1982) The main crops in this area are potatoes, oats and barley. The potential for livestock production is far greater than that for crop production, but steep slopes are cropped and erosion is an increasing problem. The pressure on the land from greater stock numbers grazing common land is leading to over grazing caused dominance by less palatable species, limited seeding and recruitment and severe seasonal shortages of quality feed. The native vegetation (once coniferous …
Use Of Land Resource Assesment To Estimate Potential Fodder Outputs And Animal Support Capacities In Some Countries In West Africa, M A. Mohamed Saleem, H.T Van Velthuizen, R R. Von Kaufmann
Use Of Land Resource Assesment To Estimate Potential Fodder Outputs And Animal Support Capacities In Some Countries In West Africa, M A. Mohamed Saleem, H.T Van Velthuizen, R R. Von Kaufmann
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
To become agriculturally self sufficient in the shortest possible time many agricultural projects in African countries sought increased production as the only priority and disregarded sustainability. As limits to land productivity are set by soil, climate and applied inputs there are critical levels of animal and human populations which can be supported. Lack of understanding of the potential land productivity and human and animal support capacity has resulted in inappropriate land use and development targets. In order to be able to predict the agricultural future of Africa to the year 2.000 F AO (1976) began the Agro-Ecological Zones (AEZ) project …
The Study Of Different Vegetations In Both East And West Sides Of Big Xingan Mountains Middle Section, Shao Cheng Wei, Chun-He Zhang, Guo-Jun Fend
The Study Of Different Vegetations In Both East And West Sides Of Big Xingan Mountains Middle Section, Shao Cheng Wei, Chun-He Zhang, Guo-Jun Fend
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The Big Xingan Mountains (BXM), which run from northeast to south-west with an elevation of 1,000-1,900 metres, on a total length of 1,300 kilometres, are situated in the northeast of China. The mountains can be divided into three parts according to their vegetation. The north part is forests, and the middle and south parts are forest steppe. About these areas, only a little research was done (Shao-cheng et al., 1985). Therefore, the basic theory study of grassland ecology and range science has been carried out in this paper in order to supply the basis for animal husbandry production.
Forest Glade Grassland Resources And Their Evaluation On The Daonganling Forest Region, An Baolin
Forest Glade Grassland Resources And Their Evaluation On The Daonganling Forest Region, An Baolin
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Daxinganling is a greatest original coniferous forest region of cool temperate zone in north-east of China. We discovered cross distributive forest glade grassland, they can be used as forage for developing animal husbandry.
New Vegetation Map And Grassland Resource Of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China, Cui Haiting, Young Shipeng, Li Bo
New Vegetation Map And Grassland Resource Of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China, Cui Haiting, Young Shipeng, Li Bo
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The Inner Mon��olia autonomous region covers a total area of 1.15 million km . It has 80 million hectares of natural grass land which makes up 68 .41 % of the whole autonomous region. It is an important base of animal husbandry in our country. This new map (on the scale of 1:1,500,000) is based on data provided by visual interpretation of LANDSAT MSS, TM, RBV imageries and collection in field surveys. This map is one of the series maps which reflect different natural conditions of Inner Mongolia. The other maps are also made mainly through LANDSAT imagery visual interpretation. …
Classification, Improvement And Use Of Low Mountain And Hill Grassland In Changbai Mountain System, Gao Zhongqi
Classification, Improvement And Use Of Low Mountain And Hill Grassland In Changbai Mountain System, Gao Zhongqi
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Climate, soil and distribution of animal and plants display clear « Vertical zone» nature in the area of Changbai Mountains. Various types of grassland are distributed under the elevation of 500 metres in the area. The grasslands should be improved and their productivity needs to increase.
A Study Of Surface Water Resources And Grassland Environment In The Inner Mongolia With Remotely Sensed Method, Chen Qinluan, Xiang Jiangbo, Wang Huihui, Pan Tao
A Study Of Surface Water Resources And Grassland Environment In The Inner Mongolia With Remotely Sensed Method, Chen Qinluan, Xiang Jiangbo, Wang Huihui, Pan Tao
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The characteristics of runoff yield in the soil surface of a drainage basin and the distribution of surface water resources in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region have been studied in detail with remote sensing in recent years. This study aims at offering some scientific evidences to adjust the structure ofland use in the cross-area of agriculture and animal husbandry and more reasonably to locate the bases for agriculture and husbandry.
Using Landsat Images For Grassland Mapping In The Inner-Mongolia Of China, Mao Zan-You
Using Landsat Images For Grassland Mapping In The Inner-Mongolia Of China, Mao Zan-You
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
There are about 900 000 km2 grassland in Inner-Mongolia including meadow steppe, typical steppe and desert steppe. It is the major basis of herbivorous animal products - beef, mutton, milk and leather (Fig. 1). Grassland research had been made many times in InnerMongolia region. Because the area is so vast that it needs ten more years to accomplish a general survey of grassland only applying satellite data can supply the macroscopic thematic maps for basic construction of grassland in shorter time. Besides supplying feed to the animals, the grassland has the important action for the improvement of regional environment, water …
The Optimum Structure Of Forage Production On Stock-Farm In Gora (Poland), M Sc Zuzanna Sawicka
The Optimum Structure Of Forage Production On Stock-Farm In Gora (Poland), M Sc Zuzanna Sawicka
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The main reason for undertaking this work is the decrease of cattle on stock-farms in Poland. This situation results from inappropriate structures of forage production and economic policies in agriculture. The stock-farm in Gora, situated in the center of Poland, is a middle classe farm, representing the above-mentioned problems. In many aspects, forage from grassland ought to be a dominant source of livestock feed, especially with regard to considerations of animal hygiene and organization of production. This work presents results of investigations on the optimum structure of forage production and economic aspects of profitable cattle breeding on a stockfarm in …
The Role Of Goats In New Zealand Hill Country Farming, D A. Clark, M G. Lambert
The Role Of Goats In New Zealand Hill Country Farming, D A. Clark, M G. Lambert
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The predominant domesticated ruminants in New Zealand are sheep and cattle. However in the last decade other animal species have been incorporated into farming systems, particularly goats which have increased from 10 thousand to 1 million over that time. The motives for this change have primarily been economic ones, in an attempt by farmers to increase income and reduce costs. Goats provide direct financial returns to hill farmers through sale of fibre (mohair, cashgora, cashmere) and meat. In many instances however, the motivation has been one of reduction of weed control costs. Aspects of weed control, pasture response and grazing …
Forage Management: A Diagnosis Method, M Duru, J L. Fiorelli, S Lardon, J C. Moreau, P L. Osty
Forage Management: A Diagnosis Method, M Duru, J L. Fiorelli, S Lardon, J C. Moreau, P L. Osty
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
On commercial farms, grazing and forage stock management is especially complex because of the great number of variables that have to be controlled (animal performances, resource stocks ... ), of their inter-relationships and of weather perturbations. Our investigations consist in considering in which way and under which constraints farmers may ajust their forage resources, both in quantity and quality, to achieve desired animal performances. Therefore, it is very important to propose decision rules adapted to real farm conditions and control procedures to carry out these decisions during the year. For continuous stocking, it was suggested to describe the sward in …
Elements Pour Une Strategie D'Amenagement Et De Gestion: Exemple De La Problematique Pastorale Du Ferlo Senegalais (Sahel), J Poissonet, I Toure
Elements Pour Une Strategie D'Amenagement Et De Gestion: Exemple De La Problematique Pastorale Du Ferlo Senegalais (Sahel), J Poissonet, I Toure
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
La communaute rurale de Labgar, au nord du departement de Linguere, couvre 70 000 hectares. Trois ethnies coexistent au sein de cette communaute: !es Maures qui vivaient de la chasse et ne pratiquent plus que l'elevage; !es Ouolofs qui pratiquent principalement !'agriculture et accessoirement l'elevage; !es Peulhs qui constituent la majorite de la population et vivent essentiellement de l'elevage. Ces populations vivent dans une region ecologique « marginale » particulierement vulnerable: deficits de pluies frequents; potentiels fourragers, agricoles et hydriques fluctuants, contraintes multiples affectant !es populations humaines, le cheptel et la vegetation. De nombreuses enquetes socio-economiques ont ete menees aupres …
Modeling Plant Species Competition In Conjunction With Selective Grazing, O J. Loewer, C P. West, L D. Parsch, H D. Scott
Modeling Plant Species Competition In Conjunction With Selective Grazing, O J. Loewer, C P. West, L D. Parsch, H D. Scott
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The dynamic simulation model GRAZE (Loewer et al., 1987) incorporates plant and beef animal growth in describing the grazing process. GRAZE had its beginnings at the University of Kentucky in 1976 (Walker et al., 1977; Loewer et al., 1981 ; Loewer and Smith, 1986) and was further developed through three regional research projects (Watson and Wells, 1985). Currently, it is being utilized and enhanced by the regional research project S-221 : Development of Profitable Beef-Forage Production Systems for the Southern Region, in part because of its utility in providing biophysical input-output relationships for purposes of economic analysis (Parsch and Loewer, …
A Methodology For Combining Field Data, Experimental Research And Modelling In The Development Of Grassland Systems, E S. Kristensen, J T. Sorensen
A Methodology For Combining Field Data, Experimental Research And Modelling In The Development Of Grassland Systems, E S. Kristensen, J T. Sorensen
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Animal production from grassland is a complex process involving man as well as animals and plants which interact in a changing environment. The production can be considered as two interacting systems, a management and a production system as shown in Figure I. The manager monitors the production, compares this information with goals and if necessary makes adjustments in inputs in order to achieve the goals. The complexity of this process is of course dependent on the number of controlled factors. Beef production based on purchased young bulls fed entirely on pasture without conservation is, for example, much simpler to manage …
The Characteristics Of The Bovine Dual Purpose Production System In Guatemala, G Cubillos, E Urizar, A Arimany
The Characteristics Of The Bovine Dual Purpose Production System In Guatemala, G Cubillos, E Urizar, A Arimany
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The characterization of the to the production system of is a basic step within a system approach to identification of endogenous and exogenous constraints. From that knowledge applied research may be conducted or technological innovations be proposed to be tested and validated at a recommendation domain level. In the coastal area of Guatemala, Central America, several agrarian reform areas of different sizes have been established ranging from 1353 ha for the parcelamiento Santa Isabel t�� 39800 ha for the parcelamiento Nueva Concepcion. The total farm area varies from 15 to 20 ha and a typical tropical dual purpose bovine production …
Changes In Grassland Farming In Japan, S Shibuya
Changes In Grassland Farming In Japan, S Shibuya
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Recently there has been a tremendous change in animal production systems in Japan, with increasing consumption of concentrate feeds. The numbers of swine and poultry which consume concentrate feeds are increasing and concentrates are also given to herbivorous animals, mainly cattle, not only to finishing beef cattle but also to dairy cattle and breeding beef cows. The number of sheep and goats has decreased to less than ten thousand altogether, and is not likely to increase in future, as in such a densely populated country as Japan land use must be intensive. Table 1 shows the situation of present animal …
Planning Seasonal Forage Strategies In Dairy Farms A Linear Programming Approach, G Pichard, J Ortega, R Cussen
Planning Seasonal Forage Strategies In Dairy Farms A Linear Programming Approach, G Pichard, J Ortega, R Cussen
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The nutritional requirement of any dairy herd varies along the year according mainly with the liveweight and the physiological stages of the animals. Similarily the grasslands and forage crops have specific and characteristic seasonal behaviour, both in terms of growth rate and nutritional quality. This situation is very dynamic and may become difficult to handle when several alternatives of forage species have to be combined in order to meet the animal requirements. In the humid temperate regions in Chile, most of the forage production in permanent grasslands occurs in spring because of the extreme drought during summer and low temperature-high …
Plant-Animal Associations In The Cereal Semi-Arid Zones Of Morocco, M Derkaoui
Plant-Animal Associations In The Cereal Semi-Arid Zones Of Morocco, M Derkaoui
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Relationships existing between cropping systems and livestock production provide the basis for technical and socioeconomic decisions in agricultural enterprises. Primov et al. (1987) reported that livestock was an integral part of crop production strategies in Abda plains of Morocco. A nation wide survey indicated that grain cereals and livestock production contributed equally to total agriculture output and 41.2 % of energy required by animals came from cereal grain and byproducts; bran, straw, and stubble (Amine and Rami, 1986). Characterization of production systems for both crops and livestock and their associations was the objective of this study.
The Use Of Models Of Sheep And Cattle Production Systems To Aid On-Farm Decision Making In Southern Australia, D H. White, K M. Weber
The Use Of Models Of Sheep And Cattle Production Systems To Aid On-Farm Decision Making In Southern Australia, D H. White, K M. Weber
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The management of grazing sheep and cattle in south-eastern Australia is confounded by the diversity between years in the annual pattern of pasture growth. Currently, the way in which a farm manager budgets or apportions pasture to the grazing animals is markedly influenced by personal experience of previous patterns of both pasture growth and animal response. This influence is usually heavily biased towards those enviromental conditions most recently experienced by the manager. The many deficiencies in this style of managing grazing systems have motivated scientists to investigate ways of supplementing this subjective « mental model » with a more quantitative …
An Evaluation Of Fixed Versus Variable Rotational Grazing Under Weather Uncertainty Using Simulation, L D. Parsch, W M. Watts, O J. Loewer
An Evaluation Of Fixed Versus Variable Rotational Grazing Under Weather Uncertainty Using Simulation, L D. Parsch, W M. Watts, O J. Loewer
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Three characteristics which identify a rotational grazing system and which distinguish one rotation from another are (a) the number of paddocks or cells into which the entire pasture area is divided, (b) the scheduled grazing period or amount of time the livestock will graze on a paddock before being moved, and (c) whether the rotation is fixed or variable. With a fixed rotation, the scheduled grazing period per paddock movement is strictly adhered to whereas with a variable rotation, paddock-to-paddock movement deviates from the scheduled sequence according to some specified criterion such as minimum herbage availability. The distinction between a …
Forage Legumes As A Component Of Smallholder Rice Farming Systems - A Case Study, U R. Sangakkara
Forage Legumes As A Component Of Smallholder Rice Farming Systems - A Case Study, U R. Sangakkara
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The smallholder rice farmers of southern Asia can be classified as ones having small extents of cropping land, where ruminants are kept to provide farm power (Ranjhan, 1985). The majority of these farmers have 2-3 heads of cattle/buffaloes. The greatest demand of ruminant fodder in the developing countries of Asia is seen to be in the smallholder cropping sector (Remenyi and Mc William, 1985), primarily due to the high concentration of animals and reduced land availability for fodder production. Thus, studies (e.g. Gutteridge, 1983) show the feasibility of using fallow periods in rice culture for fodder production. As similar studies …
Grassland Farming Systems In South China, S R. Zhou
Grassland Farming Systems In South China, S R. Zhou
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
South China lies between 15° and 30° northern latitude and 100° -125° eastern longitude in the subtropical zone. It is the chief grain or economic crops growing area of China. Most farmers are not accustomed to forage crop cultivation. Animal husbandry is limited owing to fodder problems. Since 1972-1974 and 1981-1987, the research works on grassland farming systems have been carried out in order to develop a suitable grassland agriculture in South China.
Comparison Of Meat Performance Of Lambs Kept On Pastures And Intensively Fed On Pastures As Well As In Fattening Units, S Kukovics, T Schuszter, Cs Lanyi
Comparison Of Meat Performance Of Lambs Kept On Pastures And Intensively Fed On Pastures As Well As In Fattening Units, S Kukovics, T Schuszter, Cs Lanyi
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Hungary is an exporting country in lambs which go for export either live or slaughtered. The majority of lambs are intensively fattened before slaughter or before live export. In the fattening pens (group fatting), a mixture of pelleted feed is offered ad libitum, but, in many cases, hay and/or straw are also fed. This feeding technology involves significant costs ; therefore, the testing of various fattening methods have been aimed at. Besides, we wished to study the fattening performance of imported Corriedale and Romney sheep, by using New-Zealand as well as Hungarian methods.
Animal Production Evaluation Of New Herbage Varieties, J.M M. Munro, D A. Davies
Animal Production Evaluation Of New Herbage Varieties, J.M M. Munro, D A. Davies
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Although it is now universally accepted that animal performance is the ultimate test of any grassland innovation, few herbage varieties have been evaluated in terms of meat, milk or fibre production. Over the last decade, however, several large grazing trials with beef cattle or sheep have been carried out at Aberystwyth (Munro and Walters, 1986). These have mainly involved promising new Station ryegrass varieties (Lolium spp.) which have completed preliminary screening for yield, persistence and feed quality. In the first trial, comparing two perennial ryegrass (L. perenne) and two cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata) varieties, steers on Mascot ryegrass …
Forward Rotational Grazing On Digitaria Decumbens Pasture With Weaned Female Creole Goats In Guadeloupe, G Alexandre, H Baudot, P Cruz, S Prache
Forward Rotational Grazing On Digitaria Decumbens Pasture With Weaned Female Creole Goats In Guadeloupe, G Alexandre, H Baudot, P Cruz, S Prache
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Tropical herbage production regulation, obtained through fertilisation and irrigation, doesn't solve the problem of the low nutritive value and the low level of voluntary intake of this herbage. These problems are particulary important with young growing animals regarding to their low ingestive capacity and their high growth requirements. Different pasture management systems have been tested in Guadeloupe (French West Indies) in order to propose a better utilization of tropical pastures.
The Use Of Fertilizer Nitrogen And Increased Animals Production From New Zealand Hill Pastures, D A. Clark, M G. Lambert
The Use Of Fertilizer Nitrogen And Increased Animals Production From New Zealand Hill Pastures, D A. Clark, M G. Lambert
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In New Zealand hill pastures, winter and early spring growth is often less than the maintenance of breeding ewes. In late spring and summer, pasture growth often exceeds requirements leading to pasture quality problems. It is usually uneconomic to overcome these problems by conservation, supplementary feeding or adjustement of animal numbers. An increased herbage accumulation in late winter as a result of fertiliser N application, should increase post-lambing ewe liveweights and hence lamb growth rates ; increase ewe mating weights and hence improve flock prolificacy with consequent improvements in the utilisation of summer pasture. Two experiments examined the effect of …
The Performance Of Sucking Lambs Grazing Unfertilized An Fertilized Natural Pasture And Rangeland Under Subarctic Conditions, Olafur Gudmundsson
The Performance Of Sucking Lambs Grazing Unfertilized An Fertilized Natural Pasture And Rangeland Under Subarctic Conditions, Olafur Gudmundsson
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Under subartic conditions natural pastures and rangelands are not very productive and are often vulnerable to erosion when overgrazed. The grazing season is also very short, often only four to five months, during which time the lambs have to reach slaughter weight. It is therefore critical to increase carrying capacity and production of the land. Several studies have tested fertilizer use to increase plant production under these condition (e.g., Thorsteinsson and Sigurbjornsson, 1961 ; Arnalds 1974; Arnalds et al. 1980). However, while these studies have shown a manifold increase in forage production and a shift in plant composition to a …
Effect Of Sward Of Perennial Rye-Grass And Red Fescue Type On Gains And Behavior Of Grazing Yearlings, M Rogalski, Z Karzoun
Effect Of Sward Of Perennial Rye-Grass And Red Fescue Type On Gains And Behavior Of Grazing Yearlings, M Rogalski, Z Karzoun
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The output of sheep fed on pasture depends on a number of qualitative and quantitative factors of the sward (Arnold, 1981, Rogalski and Karzoun, 1988). These factors have a decisive influence on the behaviour of animals and the amount of herbage consumed by them and, consequently, on the formation of interrelations between the sward and grazing animals (Rogalski, 1978). The knowledge of these factors is very important if sheep are to be kept in the pasturing systems. Experiments presented in this paper were carried out to determine some of the interdependances and to compare the effect of botanical composition of …