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Effect Of 6-Thioguanine And Methyl-6-Thioguanine On Stability Of Dna Duplexes, Mabaera Rodwell Jan 2002

Effect Of 6-Thioguanine And Methyl-6-Thioguanine On Stability Of Dna Duplexes, Mabaera Rodwell

Honors Theses

6-Thioguanine (65G) has been used for the past thirty years as an anti-cancer agent in maintenance chemotherapy for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia as well as acute myeloid leukemia. Despite its long-standing clinical use, little is understood of the molecular basis of the cytotoxicity associated with ?sG. Research has shown that ?sG is incorporated into DNA during replication after which it may exert its cytotoxicity by inducing rapid mutation or by affecting DNA-protein interactions. 65G has also been shown to impair HIV replication by inhibiting HlV-l reverse transcriptase and to inhibit human telomerase activity. To further understand the structural changes associated …

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Photochemical Generation And Chemistry Of Α-Acetoxycarbene, Jonathan Mann Jan 2002

Photochemical Generation And Chemistry Of Α-Acetoxycarbene, Jonathan Mann

Honors Theses

Efforts have been made at generating the parent α-acetoxycarbene from a non-nitrogenous precursor. Baeyer-Villiger oxidation of the ketone, 1-(1a,9b-dihydro-lHcyclopropa[1] phenanthren-1-yl)-ethanone, available in two steps from phenanthrene, led to the ester, 1-(1 a,9b-dihydro-lH-cyclopropa[/]phenanthren-l-yl)-acetate, which is a photochemical precursor of the parent α-acetoxycarbene intermediate. Photolysis of the ester in cyclohexene afforded an isomeric mixture of endo and exo acetates resulting from the carbene adding to the α-bond. Photolysis of the ester in trans-3-hexene yielded a single trans-cis acetate, a product of the same cycloaddition process. The formation of methyl glyoxal, via the l,2-acyl shift of the carbene, is observed through its derivatives. …

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Purification Of The Hmg1 Protein And Investigation Of Its Interactions With Diepoxide Cross-Linked Dna, Gayle Pageau Jan 2002

Purification Of The Hmg1 Protein And Investigation Of Its Interactions With Diepoxide Cross-Linked Dna, Gayle Pageau

Honors Theses

HMG1 is a nonhistone chromosomal protein that binds preferentially to some types of globally modified DNA. HMG1 has been implicated in the cellular response to the anti-cancer agent cisplatin, functioning to block excision repair of specific distorted platinated DNA lesions and resulting in enhanced cytotoxicity. We have investigated whether other DNA-binding agents also produce lesions that are recognized by HMG1. Specifically, we used polyacrylamide gel shift assays to monitor the potential HMG1 binding of diepoxybutane interstrand cross-links, which have been suggested to induce DNA bending. We isolated the native protein from chicken erythrocytes and expressed engineered HMG domain proteins in …

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Study Of Area Deprivation In Connecticut And Maine, Jonathan H. Ryder Jan 2002

Study Of Area Deprivation In Connecticut And Maine, Jonathan H. Ryder

Honors Theses

This paper accounts the development of an area deprivation index for two New England states, Connecticut and Maine. The index incorporates data from the 1990 U.S. Census. By applying methodology used in previous projects that created similar indices for area in Britain, an area deprivation index is created at the 5-digit zip code level for these two states in the year 1990. This project provides an example of how such a study can be applied to and completed in the United States. Foremost, it is an attempt to evaluate the relative merits of examining a comprehensive measure of area deprivation, …

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The Mentor Relationship In African American Adolescent Literature, Roynetta D. Douglas Dec 2001

The Mentor Relationship In African American Adolescent Literature, Roynetta D. Douglas

Honors Theses

The mentor relationship in African-American adolescent literature underscores the idea that young people can benefit from the counsel of caring adults outside their immediate families. In this ethnic specific subgroup, families may often suffer from financial strain due to single parent households or lack of career options. For that reason, many African-American adolescents either seek or happen upon a non-familial adult who helps them navigate through adolescence. This type of relationship, with its success and its pain, is vividly apparent in many novels geared toward young African-American girls.

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The Leading Ladies Of Popular Music: An Assessment Of Lyrical Content, Julie Miller Dec 2001

The Leading Ladies Of Popular Music: An Assessment Of Lyrical Content, Julie Miller

Honors Theses

No abstract provided.

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Report On The Anglo-American Project In Pompeii 2001 Field School, Guy Knight Dec 2001

Report On The Anglo-American Project In Pompeii 2001 Field School, Guy Knight

Honors Theses

No abstract provided.

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Cultural Alchemy: The Lacuna Of African Philosophy And Political Theory Towards Cultural Separatism, Tommy J. Curry Dec 2001

Cultural Alchemy: The Lacuna Of African Philosophy And Political Theory Towards Cultural Separatism, Tommy J. Curry

Honors Theses

No abstract provided.

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Prescott V.A. Medical Center, Megan E. Edwards Sep 2001

Prescott V.A. Medical Center, Megan E. Edwards

Honors Theses

Discusses therapy techniques, including MOHO, COTE, and KidCOTE, and their implementations. Also presents the case of fictional patients and their proposed treatment plans.

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Nazi Medical Experimentation: Should The Data Obtained Be Used?, Elizabeth S. Dyal Aug 2001

Nazi Medical Experimentation: Should The Data Obtained Be Used?, Elizabeth S. Dyal

Honors Theses

Many researchers question whether or not the data obtained from Nazi medical experiments should be used. This paper examines which experiments were conducted, the data that was found, and the ethical questions related to using this data. Beyond the ethical questions, this paper also determines if the data can be used due to the way the experiments were conducted.

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Violence In Sports: A Comparison Of Gladiatorial Games In Ancient Rome To The Sports Of America, Amanda Doherty Aug 2001

Violence In Sports: A Comparison Of Gladiatorial Games In Ancient Rome To The Sports Of America, Amanda Doherty

Honors Theses

No abstract provided.

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Quantification Of Nanomolar Superoxide In Aqueous Solution : Flow Injection Analysis Using The Chemiluminescent Reagent Mcla., Nathan Boland May 2001

Quantification Of Nanomolar Superoxide In Aqueous Solution : Flow Injection Analysis Using The Chemiluminescent Reagent Mcla., Nathan Boland

Honors Theses

A flow injection system using the chemiluminescent reagent 2-methyl-6-(4methoxyphenyl)- 3,7-dihydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3-one (MCLA) was used to quantify aqueous concentrations of superoxide. Stock solutions of superoxide were produced by photolysis of a solution of 2-propanol and benzophenone. The concentration of superoxide was quantified in the stock solutions by direct measurement of the absorbance at 240 nm. Quantified additions of superoxide to the flow injection analysis system reacted with MCLA at pH 5.1 demonstrated a detection limit of 0.074 nM superoxide. Selective superoxide detection was confirmed by pH-dependent decay of superoxide, which was in excellent agreement with published rates.

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Immigrants As Cultural Revitalization? A Study Of The American Quality Magazines, Erin Clark May 2001

Immigrants As Cultural Revitalization? A Study Of The American Quality Magazines, Erin Clark

Honors Theses

The turn of the 20th century in the United States was a time of new phenomena of department stores, urban living, monopolies, and millionaires. It was also the period in which the popular magazine flourished. The technology required for mass production of magazines had become a reality, the per issue cost of most publications had fallen to a reasonable level, the government had lowered postal rates, and readers had recognized the medium as uniquely suited to the discussion of intellectual matters. Magazine subscribers treasured each issue and kept them for extended periods. They were read and re-read, possibly even stored …

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Metal Ion Stabilization Of G-Tetrads Containing 6-Thioguanosine, Julia Drees May 2001

Metal Ion Stabilization Of G-Tetrads Containing 6-Thioguanosine, Julia Drees

Honors Theses

As alternative structures to the double helix, G-tetrads are thought to occur in DNA with many repeating deoxyguanosines (dG). These tetrads have one dG on each corner of a plane and can stack into tetraplexes that can be aptamers and may be found in telomeres. G-tetrads are destabilized by incorporation of 6-thiodeoxyguanosine (?sdG). Addition of metal ions that bind sulfur may stabilize these ?sdG-tetrads. We have carried out a survey of metal ion titrations into ?sG. Stable ?sG:MD? complexes were found for Hg2? (2:1), Cd2? (4:1), Ag2? (0.7:1) and Pt2? (thought to be 2:1). UV/Visible spectrophotometry indicates that G-tetrads containing …

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Photochemical Generation And Intramolecular Chemistry Of 2-Hydroxy-2-Methylpropylidene, Robin Farlow May 2001

Photochemical Generation And Intramolecular Chemistry Of 2-Hydroxy-2-Methylpropylidene, Robin Farlow

Honors Theses

2-(1a,9b-Dihydro-lH-cyclopropa[l]phenanthren-1-yl)-propan-2-ol was synthesized by two different but related synthetic routes and characterized by melting point, IR GC/MS, CHN, and NMR spectroscopy. Photolysis of the alcohol in benzene d-6 led to the formation of 2-butanone, 1-methylcyclopropanol, and 2,2-dimethyloxirane in a 26:10:1 ratio via 2-hydroxy-2methylpropylidene, a novel ?-hydroxycarbene. These products are a consequence of intramolecular insertions of the carbene into C-C, C-H, and O-H bonds. Molecular orbital calculations performed at the Becke-3LYP/6-31G(d) level indicate that the singlet form of this carbene is more thermodynamically stable than the triplet. Furthermore, the transition states to the three products from the singlet species were modeled …

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Reevaluating U.S. Intellectual Property Right Policy In The Face Of Globalization: Moving Beyond Trips And Special 301, Warren Jr. Newberry May 2001

Reevaluating U.S. Intellectual Property Right Policy In The Face Of Globalization: Moving Beyond Trips And Special 301, Warren Jr. Newberry

Honors Theses

In this paper, I intend to expand upon Mastanduno's ground-breaking inquiry by analyzing the motivating factors behind the behavior of the United States in its attempt to establish and maintain an international intellectual property rights regime. The international intellectual property rights system, established at the 1994 Uruguay Round of GATT, represents an international agreement with unprecedented reach into domestic state affairs. This ambitious attempt at establishing a high international norm of intellectual property protection was created as a result of inflexible American resolve. I will attempt to identify the initial impetus that helped define U.S. action--was it relative gains considerations …

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Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries In Athletes, Jennifer D. Krick May 2001

Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries In Athletes, Jennifer D. Krick

Honors Theses

No abstract provided.

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Play Behavior In Infant Western Lowland Gorillas (Gorilla Gorilla Gorilla) At The Lincoln Park Zoo, Suma Mallavarapu May 2001

Play Behavior In Infant Western Lowland Gorillas (Gorilla Gorilla Gorilla) At The Lincoln Park Zoo, Suma Mallavarapu

Honors Theses

An ethological investigation was made on a group of western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) at the Lincoln Park Zoo, Chicago. Focal animal sampling and all-occurrences sampling were used to collect data during the months of June and July 2000. Qualitative observations were made of the general behavioral patterns of the group, which included feeding and drinking behavior, resting, sleeping, nest construction, grooming behavior, group behavior, dominance hierarchies, zoo-keeper and public oriented behavior, and behavior in novel stimuli situations. Except for female dominance hierarchies, all behavioral patterns were found to be similar to those reported for feral gorillas. …

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Influence Of Family Environment On Self-Esteem And Hostility, Angie D. Weber May 2001

Influence Of Family Environment On Self-Esteem And Hostility, Angie D. Weber

Honors Theses

This study examines the influence of abusive/nonsupportive and loving/supportive parental behaviors on college students' self-esteem, hostility, and personality traits. Concerns of psychological maltreatment arise because it can restrict children in achieving their full potential as they approach adulthood (Garrison, 1987). It was hypothesized that those who report more emotional abuse would also exhibit lower self esteem, lower agreeableness, (i.e. greater hostility and interpersonal distrust) and greater neuroticism than their more fortunate peers. The participants involved in this study were 63 undergraduate psychology students attending Southern Illinois University at Carbondale. They volunteered for extra credit in an introductory psychology course or …

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New Jersey Women And Their Strategies For Exerting Power In Marriage, 1770-1800, Jacqueline Deyo May 2001

New Jersey Women And Their Strategies For Exerting Power In Marriage, 1770-1800, Jacqueline Deyo

Honors Theses

No abstract provided.

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Increasing Attendance At Voluntary Academic Tutoring Sessions On A Large University, Meghan Sadler Apr 2001

Increasing Attendance At Voluntary Academic Tutoring Sessions On A Large University, Meghan Sadler

Honors Theses

High attrition rates have become an impetus for colleges and universities to develop programs to help students during the first years of their education. Various services such as supplemental instruction, tutoring, testing, counseling, college success seminars, and remedial help are offered to help students be successful in their university studies. While these services may be offered, encouraging students to voluntarily attend these sessions is a problem. This study was conducted to analyze the effect of prompts on improving the attendance at voluntary content tutoring sessions at a large Midwestern University. The participants were college students enrolled in any course that …

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Politics For The People: The Significance Of Austrian National Identity In The Rise Of The Fpo, Laura A. Jeltema Apr 2001

Politics For The People: The Significance Of Austrian National Identity In The Rise Of The Fpo, Laura A. Jeltema

Honors Theses

No abstract available.

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Conversion Of Virulent Cryphonectria Parasitica From The Lula Lake Land Trust To Hypovirulent Strains, Pearl Hwang Apr 2001

Conversion Of Virulent Cryphonectria Parasitica From The Lula Lake Land Trust To Hypovirulent Strains, Pearl Hwang

Honors Theses

For almost a century, the fungus, Cryphonectria parasitica has existed in the United States as a wound parasite to American chestnut (Castanea dentata) trees. However, hypovirulence, evidence of spontaneous healing in Italy and Michigan, has given the American chestnut trees hope to one day be restored into its natural range. Viruses were the cause of such spontaneous healings. My hypothesis was that a viruscontaining hypovirulent strain of C. parasitica (in a brown background) would share alleles that control anastomoses with the local virulent strains, so a virus that causes hypovirulence could be transmitted into local virulent strains in vitro. Fifty …

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Leon Trotsky And The Struggle For Power In Communist Russia, 1921-1923, David William Mcaloon Apr 2001

Leon Trotsky And The Struggle For Power In Communist Russia, 1921-1923, David William Mcaloon

Honors Theses

Leon Trotsky stood as one of the most prominent Bolshevik members in Russia from the onset of the revolution in 1917 until his expulsion from the Communist Party and exile in 1927. He earned respect for his Marxist philosophy, organizational abilities, and brilliance as a public speaker. After the Revolution of 1917 and immediately following the Russian Civil War, Trotsky stood second only to Lenin within the Bolshevik Party in the eyes of the public. Trotsky, though joining the Bolshevik Party only on the eve of the revolution, had proved his abilities in inspiring the masses and also in creating …

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Photochemical Degradation Of 2,4-D And Atrazine In Well-Defined Media, Asher D. Ghertner Jan 2001

Photochemical Degradation Of 2,4-D And Atrazine In Well-Defined Media, Asher D. Ghertner

Honors Theses

Atrazine and 2,4-D are common herbicides used for crop, lawn, and rangeland management. Photochemical degradation has been proposed as one safe and efficient remediation strategy for both 2,4-D and Atrazine. In the presence of iron(llI) and hydrogen peroxide these herbicides decay by both thermal and light induced oxidation. Past studies have focused primarily on sun light as an energy source. This work provides a mechanistic description of herbicide degradation incorporating intermediate degradation products produced in the dark and under well-defined light conditions.

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Study Of The Effects Of Co2(G) On The Fe(Ii)-Luminol Chemiluminescence System: Application To Ultra-Trace Analysis Of Fe(Ii), Sara Beth Lovitz Jan 2001

Study Of The Effects Of Co2(G) On The Fe(Ii)-Luminol Chemiluminescence System: Application To Ultra-Trace Analysis Of Fe(Ii), Sara Beth Lovitz

Honors Theses

The Fe(II)-catalyzed oxidation of luminol has been a well-accepted chemiluminescence method for the trace and ultra-trace analysis of Fe(II) and Fe(III) in natural waters. Investigation into this chemiluminescence system has shown that COlg) is essential to Fe-catalyzed luminol chemiluminescence. In absence of CO2(g) there is no chemiluminescent signal. These reactions worked well in the past because CO2 is present in most laboratory H20 supplies. Intentional saturation of CO2 results in a 5-fold increase for this conventional system. We propose a mechanism for CO 2(g) enhancement that includes formation of a CO2-superoxide intermediate, which serves as the oxidant of luminol to …

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Exploratory Chemistry In Route To Aromatic Natural Products, Nicholas P. Bizier Jan 2001

Exploratory Chemistry In Route To Aromatic Natural Products, Nicholas P. Bizier

Honors Theses

The focus of this research was the synthesis of two natural products, 1-methyl-s-(1,2,2-trimethy1cyclopentyl)-benzene (formally cuparene), and 3-(1,2dimethylcyclopenty1)-5-methylbenzene-l,2-diol (formally herbertene diol). Cuparene possesses anti-fungal and anti-arthritic properties. This molecule has been the target of a number of syntheses. Herbertene diol, a natural product itself, represents one retrosynthetic step back from mastigophorane; a compound isolated form the liverwort Mastigophora diaclolades. Mastigophorane has been shown to have neural network forming capabilities and has warranted complete synthetic efforts. Through the same chemistry involve in the formation of cuparene, we sought a route to herbertene diol in two steps. We report a successful route to …

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Synthetic Approach To Hexaoxa[6]Peristylanes. A Novel Ddq-Induced Oxidative Rearrangement, Douglas Arthur Otte Jan 2001

Synthetic Approach To Hexaoxa[6]Peristylanes. A Novel Ddq-Induced Oxidative Rearrangement, Douglas Arthur Otte

Honors Theses

The structural beauty and interesting bonding properties of polycyclic cage compounds have been a source of fascination to many chemists. In this work, progress toward the synthesis of large oxabowl systems, such as hexaoxa[6]peristylane and its derivative dipbenylhexaoxa[6)peristylane, is described. Thus, the adduct obtained from the cycloaddition of maleic anhydride and cyc!ooctatetraene is converted into key dicarbonyl intermediates. Subsequently, the ozonolysis of these intermediates is carried out in order to generate hexaoxa(6)peristylane as well as diphenylhexaoxa[6]peristylane. Molecular modeling studies, performed at the semi-empirical level, are also described.

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Isolation And Characterization Of Chromium- And Cobalt-Binding Peptides, Michael J. Jose Jan 2001

Isolation And Characterization Of Chromium- And Cobalt-Binding Peptides, Michael J. Jose

Honors Theses

Metal substitution has been proposed as an aid in the characterization of the structure of Low-Molecular-Weight Chromium-binding substance (LMWCr), which appears to be the biologically active chromium species. Preparations of bovine liver were diced and suspended in an isolation solution containing either a cobalt or a chromium salt. Peptide samples from these preparations were isolated by precipitation and centrifugation and purified by liquid chromatography. Several methods were used to analyze these samples, which may contain LMWCr or the cobalt-substituted form (LMWCo), in order to determine their purity, molecular weight (MW), and metal-to-peptide ratio. Methods used to determine MW included sodium …

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Probing The Capabilities Of Copper Complexes With Nitrogen And Sulfur Containing Macrocyclic Ligands As Aziridination Catalysts, Jonathan Natkin Jan 2001

Probing The Capabilities Of Copper Complexes With Nitrogen And Sulfur Containing Macrocyclic Ligands As Aziridination Catalysts, Jonathan Natkin

Honors Theses

Aziridines are three-membered rings containing one nitrogen atom. They are useful as synthetic intermediates in many organic reactions. Much work has been devoted to synthesizing their analogs, cyclopropanes and epoxides, but little work has been done on the aziridination reaction. This study endeavored to probe the efficiencies of novel copper aziridination catalysts with N3 and S3 macrocyclic ligands compared to an NS2 analog for the reaction with the nitrene precursor (N-(paratosylsulfonyl) imino)phenyliodinane, PhINTs, and the olefin styrene. The nitrogen containing catalyst complex gave higher yields than the sulfur containing catalyst complex. Both ligands were found to decrease the yield of …

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