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Truth, Justice, And The American Way: Negotiating Identity Among Superhero Cosplayers At International Comic Book Conventions, James Scanlan
Truth, Justice, And The American Way: Negotiating Identity Among Superhero Cosplayers At International Comic Book Conventions, James Scanlan
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Cosplay performances in convention spaces, and the increasing commercialization and commodification of both, remain largely unexplored domains that are rapidly expanding into global phenomena. The influx of capital internationally and the growing popularity of cosplay and conventions offers the opportunity to document and describe processes of performance, identity construction, and negotiation of the global phenomena within local contexts (“glocalization”) in non-Western spaces. I conducted ethnographic research at more than half a dozen research sites throughout Europe, the Middle East, South Asia, East Asia, and South and Central America, photographing convention spaces and cosplayers and conducting interviews with cosplayers. By focusing …
Onward, Christian Soldiers: The Material Rhetoric Of Becoming Fascist In Parachurch Scouting Organizations, Madeline Aubrey Studebaker
Onward, Christian Soldiers: The Material Rhetoric Of Becoming Fascist In Parachurch Scouting Organizations, Madeline Aubrey Studebaker
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
This thesis provides a material rhetorical analysis of Trail Life USA and American Heritage Girls, two Christian nationalist scouting organizations that aim to renew and restore their cultural dominance across America. In examining how these programs route children’s bodies through ritual and affective indoctrination, I find that a fascist becoming underpins these groups’ (re)production of perfect, patriotic children. The first chapter discusses how boys enrolled in Trail Life USA become fascist as self-defense against American boyhood’s perceived eradication. Trail Life USA restores masculinity through rituals of autogenetic sovereignty, returns to originality through homosocial and affective intensity, and invocations of exceptional …
Analysis Of The Scleroderma / Systemic Sclerosis Etiopathology Using The University Of California At Davis (Ucd)-Ssc Chicken Line, Angeline E. Rodriguez
Analysis Of The Scleroderma / Systemic Sclerosis Etiopathology Using The University Of California At Davis (Ucd)-Ssc Chicken Line, Angeline E. Rodriguez
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Scleroderma/Systemic Sclerosis (SSc) is a multifaceted autoimmune disorder affecting approximately 300,000 people in the United States. Main features include vasculitis, immune dysfunction (innate and adaptive), autoantibody production, perivascular leukocyte infiltration, and extensive tissue fibrosis. The University of California, Davis (UCD) SSc chicken line was shown to exhibit all clinical and biological manifestations of human SSc. One early and distinctive clinical sign in both humans and UCD-SSc chickens is Raynaud’s phenomenon (RP), characterized by decreased blood flow in extremities and skin lesions. RP-like lesions develop in combs of UCD-SSc chickens within one- to two-weeks post-hatch, progressing from erythema and edema to …
The Market For Local Beef And Local Beef Processing Investment In Arkansas., Rebekah O'Neal
The Market For Local Beef And Local Beef Processing Investment In Arkansas., Rebekah O'Neal
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
The COVID-19 pandemic exposed vulnerabilities in the U.S. food supply chain, particularly in the beef sector, where processing bottlenecks and labor shortages disrupted meat production and the market. In response, several policies were implemented to strengthen food system resilience, and significant funding was allocated to expand independent meat processing capacity nationwide. However, the long-term viability of expanding regional processing capacity remains uncertain, notably in Arkansas, a net exporter of live cattle. This study evaluates whether consumer demand supports the expansion of local beef processing in Arkansas. Using a dichotomous choice survey, we estimate market shares for beef labeled “Arkansas Grown” …
Between Compliance And Commitment: Community College Administrators And The Politics Of Dei Policy Implementation, Carol Birth
Between Compliance And Commitment: Community College Administrators And The Politics Of Dei Policy Implementation, Carol Birth
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
This qualitative case study explores how community college administrators navigate the complex and politically charged landscape of diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) policy implementation in the face of evolving state legislation. Grounded in Michael Lipsky’s theory of Street-Level Bureaucracy, the research examines how mid- to senior-level administrators perceive their interpretations, mediations, and actions on DEI mandates in contexts where such policies are contested or pressured. Using semi-structured interviews with administrators across multiple community colleges, the study investigates the tension between institutional commitment to DEI values and the necessity to comply with external political and legal directives. The study contributes to …
Coastal Consumption: Diet And Social Organization At Four Postclassic Sites In The Yucatán Peninsula, Paramita Choudhury
Coastal Consumption: Diet And Social Organization At Four Postclassic Sites In The Yucatán Peninsula, Paramita Choudhury
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
This research examines Postclassic Maya food practices during CE 1200–1600 to understand how eating behaviors reflect systems of social hierarchy, political economy, and cultural identity. The investigation focuses on four archaeological sites in the northern Yucatán Peninsula—Tulum, El Rey, El Meco, and San Miguelito—to examine dietary behaviors through dental microwear texture analysis (DMTA), oral pathology, and stable isotope data within a biocultural framework. The research aims to identify whether elite and non-elite individuals exhibited notable variations in food texture consumption, access to resources, and nutritional health. High-resolution 3D surface metrology enabled DMTA to assess the mechanical properties of consumed foods, …
Automated Chick Sexing Using Computer Vision, Marta Veganzones Rodriguez
Automated Chick Sexing Using Computer Vision, Marta Veganzones Rodriguez
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
This thesis presents two complementary approaches to chick sexing, a critical task in poultry production that demands accurate and early gender identification. By investigating both facial and vent-based modalities, we present two complementary methods that aim to improve the efficiency, scalability, and ethical standards of gender classification in day-old chicks through the use of computer vision and deep learning. The first approach draws inspiration from human facial gender recognition to introduce facial chick sexing, a minimally invasive technique that eliminates the need for expert knowledge. This system encompasses a complete pipeline that includes image acquisition, facial detection and alignment, keypoint …
Effect Of Marination And Storage Time On The Properties And Meat Quality Of Broiler Breast, Mayra Mabel Herrera Rivera
Effect Of Marination And Storage Time On The Properties And Meat Quality Of Broiler Breast, Mayra Mabel Herrera Rivera
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Abstract The poultry industry has implemented numerous methods, as marination and aging, to improve meat quality and satisfy consumer demands. Three experiments were developed to assess the effects of vacuum tumble marination and aging on the proteins of chicken breast. These experiments utilized 0.75 % sodium chloride, 0.45 % phosphate, and water in a marinade. In experiment one, 270 fillets were allocated into six treatment groups, each comprising 45 fillets. Six days of storage time were used, marinating and storing the fillets in each group at a temperature of 4°C. Following each day of storage period, the fillets underwent a …
Design And Validation Of A High-Frequency Multi-Output Dc-Dc Converter For Radar Power Applications, Tory Sutton
Design And Validation Of A High-Frequency Multi-Output Dc-Dc Converter For Radar Power Applications, Tory Sutton
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Modern radar systems and advanced electronics demand compact, efficient, and reliable power solutions capable of delivering multiple tightly regulated voltage rails under strict size, weight, power, and reliability (SWaP-R) constraints. This thesis presents the design, implementation, and validation of a high-frequency (460 kHz – 1 MHz), multi-output DC-DC converter for a mission?critical radar platform, addressing both integration and performance requirements. The first implementation, an isolated modular converter (IMC), utilizes isolated silicon?based DC-DC modules to deliver twelve isolated voltage outputs from a single input. This approach provided robust electrical isolation, simplified system integration, and minimized design risk, making it well-suited for …
A Pastoral River: Reimagining The Narrative Of Buffalo National River, Thomas Andrew Medford
A Pastoral River: Reimagining The Narrative Of Buffalo National River, Thomas Andrew Medford
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
This thesis examines the creation of Buffalo National River (BNR) from the perspective of dispossessed landowners. A unit of the National Park Service in the Arkansas Ozarks, BNR has garnered little scholarly attention in this light, despite present-day resentment of the federal government by locals. The park was signed into law in 1972, capping a years-long debate about the fate of the river. Some had supported a tenacious U.S. Army Corps of Engineers effort to dam the river, others backed a well-organized, preservationist-led campaign to create a park, while on-the-river landowners typically preferred the status quo of private ownership. Many …
Tree-Based Differential Item Functioning Detection Methods: Exploring Their Performance In Diverse Measurement Scenarios, Nana Amma Berko Asamoah
Tree-Based Differential Item Functioning Detection Methods: Exploring Their Performance In Diverse Measurement Scenarios, Nana Amma Berko Asamoah
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Despite the availability of numerous methods for detecting differential item functioning (DIF), the continued development and evaluation of innovative, data-driven approaches remains essential. Tree-based methods, in particular, represent a significant advancement in DIF detection. Unlike some traditional techniques, they can simultaneously screen multiple variables for DIF without discretizing continuous variables, and do not require the pre-specification of focal and reference groups; capabilities that are especially valuable in today’s diverse and multifaceted assessment contexts. However, research systematically examining the performance of these methods under realistic measurement conditions is limited. This dissertation, in three simulation studies, critically examines the robustness and practical …
Heterogeneous Yield Effects Of Cover Crop Adoption In U.S. Corn And Soybean Systems, Ethan Kendall
Heterogeneous Yield Effects Of Cover Crop Adoption In U.S. Corn And Soybean Systems, Ethan Kendall
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Identifying the conditions where cover crops will succeed or fail is crucial for advancing conservation agriculture. Cover crops have been widely accepted as a conservation practice that can improve soil health and might improve or stabilize crop yields, though these benefits are not consistent across different regions. This study examines how heterogeneous factors can shape the effectiveness of cover crops on corn and soybean yields across the United States. Using the National Commodity Crop Productivity Index (Index) to measure soil productivity, this study examines how cover crop impacts vary across different levels of soil quality. A county level, 16- year …
Exploring The Relationship Between Adhd, Mood Disorders, And Motivation Among Women Studying For The Ged: A Preregistered Study, Amanda Dawn Kennedy
Exploring The Relationship Between Adhd, Mood Disorders, And Motivation Among Women Studying For The Ged: A Preregistered Study, Amanda Dawn Kennedy
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Adult women with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and mood disorders, such as anxiety and depression, represent an understudied and underserved demographic within educational research, particularly among those pursuing nontraditional academic pathways, such as obtaining the high school equivalency diploma (i.e., GED). Despite the well-documented challenges associated with ADHD and mood disorders, including difficulties with motivation, executive functioning, and emotional regulation, little research has examined how these factors influence women’s persistence and success in adult education settings. Understanding the unique experiences of this population is essential for developing targeted support systems that enhance learning outcomes and academic achievement. This study …
The Upcoming Moral Crisis In Primitive Artificial Intelligence, Justin E. Edens
The Upcoming Moral Crisis In Primitive Artificial Intelligence, Justin E. Edens
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
As we continue to develop artificially intelligent systems, there is an increasingly high chance that we will develop a system that is both conscious and capable of suffering. Furthermore, it is likely that the development of this conscious machine will be entirely unintentional. While this machine will have moral status, identifying it will be extremely difficult, leading to it being treated the same as its inert predecessors. For these reasons I believe that a crisis in ethics is looming. This paper aims to argue that it is possible for a machine to have moral status, that the first such machine …
Resilience Redefined: Exploring The Impact Of Childhood Trauma On The Value Systems Of High-Achieving Corporate Men, Lana B. Henry
Resilience Redefined: Exploring The Impact Of Childhood Trauma On The Value Systems Of High-Achieving Corporate Men, Lana B. Henry
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
This qualitative study employed Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) to explore how childhood trauma influences the value systems of high-achieving corporate men. In contemporary corporate culture, where stoicism, performance, and independence are often rewarded, little attention is paid to how early adversity informs internal frameworks of meaning, leadership, and success. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with six high-achieving men, all executives and leaders in high-performing industries, who self-identified as having experienced childhood trauma. Data were analyzed using a six-step IPA process and interpreted through the lens of Schwartz’s Theory of Basic Human Values and social constructivism. Findings revealed that childhood trauma deeply …
Navigating Stigma And Privacy: Health-Related Communication Among Bangladeshi Women, Nazmul Shajib
Navigating Stigma And Privacy: Health-Related Communication Among Bangladeshi Women, Nazmul Shajib
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Women in Bangladesh often silently bear the burden of stigma tied to their bodies, minds, and societal roles. This study examines the coping strategies women use to manage health-related stigma and their privacy while facing issues like reproductive health, mental health, and postpartum challenges. The study was conducted by utilizing in-depth interviews with 17 Bangladeshi women. Stigma Management Communication Theory (SMC) and Communication Privacy Management Theory (CPM) are the two frameworks that guided the study. The findings of the study reveal that stigma often silences women and threatens their social identities, and women feel that having a health problem means …
Hepatic Lipid Metabolism Of High And Low Water-Efficient Broiler Lines Under Heat Stress, Maria Fernandez Cuadrado
Hepatic Lipid Metabolism Of High And Low Water-Efficient Broiler Lines Under Heat Stress, Maria Fernandez Cuadrado
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Heat stress (HS) is one of the most critical environmental challenges negatively impacting global poultry production, significantly compromising broiler performance, welfare, and economic viability. Specifically, heat stress profoundly disrupts physiological and metabolic processes, including hepatic lipid metabolism. Two broiler lines were divergently selected for high (HWE) or low (LWE) water efficiency. Heat-stressed HWE birds showed reduced fat content compared to their LWE counterparts, and HS reduced abdominal fat content in both lines. The purpose of this study was to determine the difference in underlying molecular mechanisms involved in this divergent fat content between the lines. Day-old chicks were placed in …
End Times: American Mortality, Death Materiality, And Social Death In The 1990s, Jordan A. Savage
End Times: American Mortality, Death Materiality, And Social Death In The 1990s, Jordan A. Savage
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
The United States in the 1990s was marked by pervasive representations of death in popular culture. As death imagery became increasingly visible in entertainment, there was a growing detachment from the embodied, biological realities of death, a tension intensified by the ongoing AIDS crisis. This project explores how death is politicized and how decisions about who lives and dies are shaped by power. I draw on a constellation of theoretical frameworks that collectively illuminate the operations of state-sanctioned death and social abandonment. These include Michel Foucault’s concept of biopolitics, which examines the management of life by state power; Giorgio Agamben’s …
Impact Of Lighting Wavelength On Broiler Behavior, Health, And Performance, Angela Perretti
Impact Of Lighting Wavelength On Broiler Behavior, Health, And Performance, Angela Perretti
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Lighting influences broiler production, health, and behavior. Due to their advanced visual system, avian species perceive a wide spectrum of light. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of white (W, 350 to 780 nm) blue (B, 450 nm), and green (G, 560 nm) light on broiler production, processing performance, activity, fear, stress, blood cell profiles, tibiotarsi (tibia) morphology, and depth perception. Day-of-hatch by-product chicks from a Cobb 500 female line (N=600) were randomly assigned to 12 pens (N=4 treatment replicates). Body weight and feed consumption were recorded on day (D) 0, 14, 28, and 41, and …
Impact Of Three Professional Development Models (Online, Face-To-Face, And Hybrid) On Bhutanese Inservice Science Teachers' Conceptions Of Aspects Of Nature Of Science (Nos) With Reports Of Translation Of Nos Content Into Classroom Teaching Practices, Pabi Maya Das
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Having a scientifically literate citizenry is an asset nationally and globally, and knowledge of the nature of science (NOS) is a crucial element in such literacy. Science teachers are a vital link if students are to understand key elements of the NOS, yet teachers themselves often lack knowledge of NOS and how to integrate NOS content into science lessons. Investigating the impact of a series of inservice professional development experiences using three distinct delivery modes (face-to-face, hybrid, online) for teachers in my home country of Bhutan is the overarching goal of the study reported here. The study used a mixed-methods …
The Connection Between Workplace Wellness Activities And Job Satisfaction In Manufacturing, Lori Scott Dreiling
The Connection Between Workplace Wellness Activities And Job Satisfaction In Manufacturing, Lori Scott Dreiling
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Employers in all industries are concerned with creating and maintaining a workplace where their employees are engaged in their work. Job dissatisfaction is shown to lead to higher levels of turnover, absenteeism, and presenteeism. The purpose of this quantitative study will be to examine the connection between workplace wellness activity participation and job satisfaction, specifically for manufacturers in Southwest Missouri, Southeast Kansas, and Northeast Oklahoma. Manufacturers have experienced increased global competition in the last three decades, not just for their products or services but for quality talent. The value of this study is to show manufacturing employers that by providing …
Cotton Yield And Tissue-Potassium Response To Potassium Fertilization, Maria Paula Ramos Do Prado
Cotton Yield And Tissue-Potassium Response To Potassium Fertilization, Maria Paula Ramos Do Prado
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Potassium (K) deficiency is a common yield-limiting factor in cotton (Gossypium hirsu tum L.) production across the U.S. Cotton Belt. Adequate fertilizer-K management is paramount to ensure optimum plant growth and development, minimizing yield losses. Currently, fertilizer K recommendations for cotton in Arkansas are derived from expected yield responses of other crops, with no calibrated fertilizer-K rates or critical tissue-K concentrations defined to maxim ize crop yield. Our research objectives were i) to investigate cotton yield response and fiber qual ity to K fertilization on soils with different K availability; ii) to correlate relative yield with tis sue-K concentrations at …
Prone To Prejudice: Trans Experiences And Structural Harm In The U.S. Prison System, Margaret-Maria Pemu
Prone To Prejudice: Trans Experiences And Structural Harm In The U.S. Prison System, Margaret-Maria Pemu
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
This qualitative study examines transgender individuals' experiences within the justice system. This study seeks to illuminate the complex realities of incarceration using social constructionism and reflexive thematic analysis. The social constructionist perspective offers a framework for understanding how gendered identities are shaped, constrained, and policed within institutional contexts. The analysis of narratives from Large Reddit communities allows this study to examine how transgender individuals make sense of and survive correctional environments. A comprehensive analysis of the data generated the following six major themes: (1) Solitary Confinement Universally Induces Horror, (2) Discriminatory Treatment Leads to Disillusionment with the Criminal Justice System, …
Algorithmic Recourse In Sequential Decision-Making For Long-Term Fairness, Francisco Gumucio
Algorithmic Recourse In Sequential Decision-Making For Long-Term Fairness, Francisco Gumucio
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Algorithmic decision-making systems are increasingly being deployed in high-stakes domains such as criminal justice, education, and financial services. While machine learning models have demonstrated significant utility in automating complex decisions, they have also raised substantial concerns regarding fairness and equity. Much of the existing work in algorithmic fairness has focused on static, one-shot settings, where interventions are aimed at miti- gating bias in a single decision. However, many real-world systems operate sequentially, where decisions made at one point in time can influence future outcomes through dynamic feedback loops. In such scenarios, addressing fairness at only one decision point can be …
Effects Of Flavonoids On Reducing Colon Cancer Risk Via Macrophage Polarization, Gracien Jules
Effects Of Flavonoids On Reducing Colon Cancer Risk Via Macrophage Polarization, Gracien Jules
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Colorectal cancer is one of the most fatal diseases in the United States. Chronic tissue inflammation can cause cell proliferation, which leads to tumor formation and cancer development. Macrophages are responsible for maintaining tissue homeostasis and for inflammatory responses. M1 macrophages exhibit proinflammatory responses while M2 macrophages exhibit anti-inflammatory responses. Imbalance between M1 and M2 macrophages is closely related to inflammation-associated disease development. The anti-inflammatory effects of apiaceous vegetable constituents, specifically flavonoids, have been studied for their preventative effects towards reducing disease risk. However, sufficient evidence is lacking on the mechanisms by which flavonoids impact M1/M2 macrophage polarization. RAW 264.7 …
Host-Virus Interaction Dynamics Using Sulfolobus Spindle-Shaped Virus And Host Sulfolobales System, Yeasin Ahmed
Host-Virus Interaction Dynamics Using Sulfolobus Spindle-Shaped Virus And Host Sulfolobales System, Yeasin Ahmed
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
The Sulfolobus Spindle-shaped virus (SSV) is among the most studied archaeal viruses, particularly in extreme environments. This virus predominantly infects multiple Crenarchaea from the Sulfolobaceae family. These hosts thrive in extreme environmental conditions, such as sulfuric hot springs, with a pH of 2 to 4 and a temperature of 76-80˚C. Sulfolobales exhibit a wide geographical distribution across volcanic hot springs. The Sulfolobus Spindle-shaped Virus (SSV), encompassing strains such as SSV1 and SSV8, employs a non-lytic replication strategy in hosts belonging to the order Sulfolobales. The SSV-Sulfolobales system can be cultured in liquid and gellan gum solid media. A comprehensive study …
Exercising Sovereignty In The Theater Of Court: How Performative Punishments Has Substitute Law Implementation In The Islamic Republic Of Iran, Nina Maziar
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Abstract Legality is a modern infrastructure, but when it is combined with the jurisprudence, which is very interpretive and subjective, an amorphous content is merged, which can be shaped for utilitarian purposes; and this is how the arbitrary legal system of Islamic Republic is staged. This unshaped legal system, courts/trials and penal codes, especially political charges are ambiguous contents, baffling the mindsets. This unclear setting is deterministically vague to scare the victim, and the audience with the stagecraft of the court. Sovereignty is defined both in the international affairs regarding the capability of one state ruling a country, but it …
How To Do Things With Little Talking Tubes: Nonideal Speech Acts In The Digital Age, Anthony Holdier
How To Do Things With Little Talking Tubes: Nonideal Speech Acts In The Digital Age, Anthony Holdier
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
In this work, I develop a view about what it means to share a social or conversational context with others, as well as what is normatively entailed by doing so. Working from a broadly Austinian perspective about the moral foundations of language use and how we use words to position ourselves within social space, as well as from a generally Stalnakerian social ontology (demarcating groups by dint of aligned or overlapping sets of commitments), I present three papers demonstrating how nonidealized, ordinary language philosophy can make sense of complex, real-world phenomena. Through analyses of heretical utterances, context collapse, and chatbot …
Growth And Characterization Of Thin Film Gase On Si(111) And Sio2/Si(001) Substrates By Molecular Beam Epitaxy, Christopher John Hocevar
Growth And Characterization Of Thin Film Gase On Si(111) And Sio2/Si(001) Substrates By Molecular Beam Epitaxy, Christopher John Hocevar
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Gallium selenide (GaSe) is a thin-film semiconducting material with promising optoelectronic properties, including a tunable bandgap, high photosensitivity, and atomic-layer scalability. These characteristics make it suitable for devices such as photodiodes, FETs, MOSFETs, Hall effect sensors, and p–n diodes. In this study, GaSe thin films were grown on SiO2 and Si(111)-7×7 substrates using molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) to compare growth behavior across different substrates. The films were characterized using Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, and reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED). RHEED confirmed the 7×7 reconstruction of the Si(111) surface and the amorphous nature …
Synthesis, Structural Characterization And Optical Studies Of Silver-Indium-(Zinc)-Chalcogenide Fluorescent Quantum Dots, Sujal Acharya
Synthesis, Structural Characterization And Optical Studies Of Silver-Indium-(Zinc)-Chalcogenide Fluorescent Quantum Dots, Sujal Acharya
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Developing a non-toxic, high-performance fluorescent nanomaterial is crucial for overcoming the environmental and health restrictions of current cadmium, and lead based quantum dots (QDs), which limit the application of quantum dots in optoelectronics and bioimaging. In this thesis, we synthesized environmentally friendly AgInS2 QDs by a colloidal method, systematically altering the In/Ag precursor ratio from 2 to 6 to study the impact on their optical and photophysical properties. Our goals were to find the optimal stoichiometry for maximum quantum efficiency and stability. We also investigated further improving optical and photophysical properties through shelling with ZnS. The emission spectra appeared broad, …