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Perception Of Drinking Water Quality Among Arkansas Residents, Kolade Olawale Olatunde
Perception Of Drinking Water Quality Among Arkansas Residents, Kolade Olawale Olatunde
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Objective: Perceptions of drinking water quality influence public trust, water consumption behaviors, and the willingness to invest in infrastructure improvements. Despite the importance of safe drinking water, regional and socio-economic disparities impact how residents perceive their tap water and their readiness to pay for enhancements. While past research indicates that negative views of tap water quality have resulted in behavioral changes, the connection between perception and actual household water usage remains ambiguous. This study aims to investigate how perceptions of drinking water quality differ across regions in Arkansas and how residents are willing to invest in quality improvements. Method: A …
Series Resonant Converters With Medium Voltage Sic Mosfets For Electric Aircraft Applications, Xinyuan Du
Series Resonant Converters With Medium Voltage Sic Mosfets For Electric Aircraft Applications, Xinyuan Du
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
To develop high-performance high- power-density MV power converters, the emerging silicon carbide (SiC) devices are more attractive than their silicon (Si) counterparts, since the fast switch frequency brought by the SiC can effectively reduce the volume and weight of the filter components and thus increase the converter power density. From the converter topology perspective, with the MV dc distribution, the single stage isolated dc/dc converter are suitable for next-generation electric aircraft system due to soft switching and high power density. In this work, comprehensive static and dynamic characterizations were conducted for the latest 6.5 kV silicon carbide (SiC) MOSFETs from …
A Thesis On Incentive Structures, Shirking Dynamics, And Market Valuation In Major League Baseball: A Statcast Analysis Of Worker Effort Levels, Charles Jordan
A Thesis On Incentive Structures, Shirking Dynamics, And Market Valuation In Major League Baseball: A Statcast Analysis Of Worker Effort Levels, Charles Jordan
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
This thesis examines how guaranteed contract length influences player effort and market valuation in Major League Baseball using high resolution Statcast data across over 1,200 player season observations. Fixed effects regressions on the 2015 to 2024 seasons show directionally consistent but statistically imprecise shirking and final year effort spikes in hard hit rate and sprint speed. Machine learning models (OLS and Random Forest) predict next year Dollars Over League Average (DOL) with out of sample MAE approximately $11.4–11.8 million and approximately 0.23–0.27, with plate appearances, hard hit rate, sprint speed, and contract timing as top predictors. Embedding these findings in …
Evaluating A Self-Guided Cognitive Behavioral Coping Skills Workbook For Sexual Violence-Exposed College Students Using A Nonconcurrent, Multiple Baseline Design, Marley F. Fradley
Evaluating A Self-Guided Cognitive Behavioral Coping Skills Workbook For Sexual Violence-Exposed College Students Using A Nonconcurrent, Multiple Baseline Design, Marley F. Fradley
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
College students endorse high rates of sexual violence victimization and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Help-seeking behaviors in college students are low and may be impacted by limited financial resources, competing obligations, treatment-related stigma, and features of PTSD such as avoidance, fear, and shame. Novel opportunities for sexually victimized college students to engage with trauma-focused interventions are necessary to mitigate the biopsychosocial consequences of PTSD. In a nonconcurrent, multiple baseline trial of a self-guided cognitive behavioral workbook for PTSD, sexual violence-exposed college students (N = 6) completed a 3-, 4-, or 5-week baseline period and then utilized the study workbook for …
Optimizing Cobb Mx X 500 Broiler Diets Through The Investigation Of Lysine And Energy Synergies, Soybean Processing “Add-Backs” Ingredients, And Soybean Genotype Amino Acid Selection, Savannah Caroline Wells
Optimizing Cobb Mx X 500 Broiler Diets Through The Investigation Of Lysine And Energy Synergies, Soybean Processing “Add-Backs” Ingredients, And Soybean Genotype Amino Acid Selection, Savannah Caroline Wells
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
This dissertation explored strategies to optimize Cobb MX x 500 broiler chicken nutrition by investigating lysine and energy synergies, the utilization of soybean processing by-products (“add-backs”), and soybean genotype selection for enhanced amino acid composition. Three independent but complementary research objectives were pursued to improve feed efficiency, sustainability, and cost-effectiveness in modern broiler production. The first objective assessed the interactive effects of dietary lysine and metabolizable energy (ME) on the performance and carcass traits of Cobb MX × 500 broilers. Using a central composite design, nine dietary treatments were formulated across multiple feeding phases. Results demonstrated that broiler performance responded …
Design And Optimization Of High-Frequency Medium-Voltage Dual Active Bridge Dc/Dc Converter Using Sic Device, Hui Cao
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
High frequency Dual Active Bridge (DAB) converters have become a key enabling technology in medium- and high-power applications such as renewable energy integration, electric vehicle fast charging, and emerging DC power distribution systems. However, when operating at high power and high frequency, DAB converters face critical challenges including limited soft-switching range, uneven semiconductor loss distribution, deadtime-induced resonance, switching-frequency constraints of wide-bandgap (WBG) devices, and transformer DC bias during dynamic transitions. This dissertation addresses these challenges through advancements in modulation strategies and converter architecture. First, an enhanced triple-phase-shift (E-TPS) modulation scheme is proposed to achieve balanced switching and conduction losses across …
Agricultural Practices’ Impact On Soil Health Indicators In Mid-South U.S. Crop Production Systems, Katherine Suzanne French
Agricultural Practices’ Impact On Soil Health Indicators In Mid-South U.S. Crop Production Systems, Katherine Suzanne French
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Soil health and regenerative agriculture are concepts gaining popularity across global agriculture systems. The effect of sustainable farming practices such as nutrient management, cover crops, adoption of no-tillage, and residue retention on crop yield, as well as environmental resilience, is increasingly being studied. This research aimed to evaluate the impacts of (i) cover cropping and nutrient management, and of (ii) soil sampling depth and timing on indicators of soil health in various mid-southern irrigated row crop systems. Soil health indicators like soil organic matter (SOM), carbon dioxide respiration (CDR), beta-glucosidase enzyme activity (BG), permanganate oxidizable carbon (POXC), and the soil …
The Collapse Of The Cotton States League: Segregation And The Final Years Of Minor League Baseball In South Arkansas, Alex Mason Becker Mceachern
The Collapse Of The Cotton States League: Segregation And The Final Years Of Minor League Baseball In South Arkansas, Alex Mason Becker Mceachern
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
From 1953 through 1955 the Cotton States League of Arkansas, Mississippi, and Louisiana went through an integration and financial crisis that led to its collapse. Through this three season stretch several clubs attempted to sign and play black ballplayers, a first in the segregated minor league. While the major leagues and a majority of minor leagues successfully integrated, the Cotton States League represented one of the final holdouts of whites-only baseball. The league collapsed in 1955 due to a myriad of issues including declining interest, which led to severe financial issues. This thesis will examine the final three years of …
Predicting Stock Price Movement With Llm-Enhanced Tweet Emotion Analysis, An Vuong
Predicting Stock Price Movement With Llm-Enhanced Tweet Emotion Analysis, An Vuong
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Accurately predicting short-term stock price movement remains a challenging task due to the market’s inherent volatility and sensitivity to investor sentiment. In this thesis, we present a published paper that discusses a deep learning framework integrating emo- tion features extracted from tweet data with historical stock price information to forecast significant price changes on the following day. We utilize Meta’s LLaMA 3.1-8B-Instruct model to preprocess tweet data, thereby enhancing the quality of emotion features derived from three emotion analysis approaches: a transformer-based DistilRoBERTa classifier from the Hugging Face library and two lexicon-based methods using National Research Council Canada (NRC) resources. …
Novel Approaches To Disinfecting Poultry Processing Wastewater For Reuse, Seth Olorunmijuwonlo Adesope
Novel Approaches To Disinfecting Poultry Processing Wastewater For Reuse, Seth Olorunmijuwonlo Adesope
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Water is an essential resource used in poultry processing, generating large volumes of foodborne pathogen-rich wastewater posing treats to public health. Treating poultry processing wastewater (PPW) is crucial for safe water reuse and sustainable development. Conventional disinfection methods like aerobic digestion and chlorination, although effective, impose considerable operational cost and generate harmful by-products. Integrated recycling systems such as advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) which destroy micro-organisms through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) present a promising opportunity for enhancing resources and sustainability. This study investigated the use of photo-electrochemical (PEC), specifically by combining electrochemical (EC) and photochemical (PC; Photosensitizer and …
Automation And Upgrading Of Custom Cold Wall Uhv-Cvd Reactor For Group Iv Material Development, Alexander Golden
Automation And Upgrading Of Custom Cold Wall Uhv-Cvd Reactor For Group Iv Material Development, Alexander Golden
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Group IV alloys have shown promising results for infrared optoelectronic applications where III-V materials are currently dominant. The III-V material system has vacancies that Group IV materials can fill, most importantly complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process compatibility making quality devices much cheaper and widely available compared to the current state of the art. Silicon, being an indirect band gap Group IV material, has poor performance in optoelectronic applications but is the dominant material for most of the electronic industry. However, when silicon is alloyed or substituted with other group IV materials, these optoelectronic properties can be enhanced and, in …
Evidence Of Backwater Morphodynamics In Stratigraphy On Earth And Mars: Implications For Ancient Mars, Cory Mitchell Hughes
Evidence Of Backwater Morphodynamics In Stratigraphy On Earth And Mars: Implications For Ancient Mars, Cory Mitchell Hughes
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Geologic evidence indicates that liquid water once flowed in abundance across the martian surface. For this reason, in the search for evidence of extraterrestrial life, Mars represents a prime target for scientific inquiry. River systems encode climatic and environmental signals in their deposits on Earth and Mars, often in fan-shaped landforms (e.g., alluvial fans, river deltas, etc.). Distal fan-shaped deposits (i.e., river deltas), in particular, act as a relatively high-fidelity record of dynamic geologic processes. As such, NASA frequently sends rovers to locations on Mars’ surface with hypothesized river deltas (e.g., Perseverance and Jezero crater). Problematically, there are many different …
Solar Powered Conservation: The Effects Of Solar Photovoltaic Facilities On Avian Community Composition, Michael Christopher Ferrara
Solar Powered Conservation: The Effects Of Solar Photovoltaic Facilities On Avian Community Composition, Michael Christopher Ferrara
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
The expansion of solar photovoltaic energy infrastructure is transforming landscapes worldwide. Increasingly, facilities are planted with native vegetation, yet how vegetation characteristics and landscape variables shape wildlife communities in solar facilities remains poorly understood. Because avian populations have been in decline and are sensitive to habitat changes, understanding how solar facilities influence avian communities is important. In Chapter 1, we used autonomous recording units, local vegetation measurements, and land use and land cover data to quantify how avian community occupancy is influenced by solar cover in solar facilities and comparable reference sites. We used a Bayesian multi-species occupancy model to …
Transcriptomic And Contractile Adaptations In Skeletal Muscle In A Rodent Model Of Anorexia Nervosa, Oscar Armando Vicen
Transcriptomic And Contractile Adaptations In Skeletal Muscle In A Rodent Model Of Anorexia Nervosa, Oscar Armando Vicen
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
BACKGROUND: Anorexia Nervosa (AN) is a psychiatric disorder marked by severe chronic caloric restriction and is primarily diagnosed through psychological and behavioral symptoms. AN has the highest mortality of any psychiatric disorder with an increased risk of all-cause mortality. Many individuals with a history of AN experience incomplete recovery despite intervention treatment. Skeletal muscle molecular mechanisms under chronic energy deprivation remain poorly understood. PURPOSE: To investigate transcriptomic profiles of the gastrocnemius muscle following one month of a rodent model of AN. This study analyzed whether the molecular changes correlate with collected muscular force data to provide a comprehensive understanding of …
Predictive Modeling Of Listeria Monocytogenes Growth In Ready-To-Eat Meat Products, Manjari Singh
Predictive Modeling Of Listeria Monocytogenes Growth In Ready-To-Eat Meat Products, Manjari Singh
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Listeria monocytogenes remains a significant food safety concern in ready-to-eat (RTE) meat and poultry products due to its persistence under refrigerated and stressed conditions. Predictive models play a vital role in risk assessment and food safety management; broth models are highly conservation & results in overprocessing. This thesis focuses on developing and validating meat-specific predictive models for Listeria monocytogenes growth and lag for RTE beef, pork, and poultry products. Matrix-specific secondary models were built to predict the maximum specific growth rate (μmax) of Listeria monocytogenes under varying environmental conditions, including temperature, pH, water activity, salt, organic acids, and nitrites. Growth …
There, But Not There: Pre-Service Teacher Identity And Transformation In The Internship Semester, Jacob G. Warren
There, But Not There: Pre-Service Teacher Identity And Transformation In The Internship Semester, Jacob G. Warren
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
This descriptive multiple-case study investigates how five secondary pre-service teachers constructed and negotiated their professional identities during the internship semester. Guided by a single overarching research question—How do pre-service teachers form and narratively negotiate their identities as educators within the liminal space of the internship?—the study conceptualizes identity as a dynamic, socially mediated, and storied process. Sociocultural theory and narrative identity theory provide the analytical framework, emphasizing development through interaction, participation, and reflective meaning-making. Participants were enrolled in a Bachelor of Arts in Teaching program and completed internship placements in middle and high school classrooms. Data were collected through pre-internship …
Multiple Aspects Of Environmental Temperature Have Complex Interactions With Avian Parental Behavior To Influence Offspring Outcomes, William H. Kirkpatrick
Multiple Aspects Of Environmental Temperature Have Complex Interactions With Avian Parental Behavior To Influence Offspring Outcomes, William H. Kirkpatrick
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Anthropogenic climate change is projected to shift not only average temperatures across the globe, but also the amount of thermal variation experienced in the natural environment. Exposure to shifts in averages and a wider range of thermal experiences will cause shifts in wildlife behavior. In avian species, behaviors exhibited during reproduction have implications for the well-being of their offspring. Here, I explore specific incubation behaviors in four species: Scaled Quail (Callipepla squamata), Northern Bobwhite Quail (Colinus virginianus), Tree Swallows (Tachycineta bicolor), and Eastern Bluebirds (Sialia sialis). I examined constancy, or the percentage of time on the nest, and off-bout duration, …
Using Color And Fluorescent Spectrometry As A New Rapid Cleaning Verification Method In Poultry Processing Plants, Clark Griscom
Using Color And Fluorescent Spectrometry As A New Rapid Cleaning Verification Method In Poultry Processing Plants, Clark Griscom
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
The poultry industry is expected to be growing at 3% in the total global market with the U.S. being the largest producer of poultry meat. Poultry processing plants are expected to produce 140 birds per minute with the potential of up to 175 birds per minute to meet the market demand. With the growing market and need for faster production, maintaining food safety needs to be a priority to ensure the safety of consumers. Over 9.9 million foodborne illness cases are reported each year in the United States. A change in food safety is needed, and one area lacking is …
When The Grid Goes Dark: A Digital Forensics Study Of Industrial Control System Cyberattacks, Katie Kettler
When The Grid Goes Dark: A Digital Forensics Study Of Industrial Control System Cyberattacks, Katie Kettler
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Industrial Control Systems (ICS) and Operational Technology (OT) maintain the grid, ensure water safety, and keep transportation running. Because they influence nearly every aspect of daily life, these systems have become prime targets for cyberattacks. The need for this research arises from the fact that when ICS and OT systems are compromised, the consequences go beyond data loss, and they can directly disrupt communities and endanger public safety. This thesis introduces digital forensics fundamentals and explains how investigations in ICS environments differ from those in traditional IT environments. This work then examines major attacks, including Stuxnet, the Ukrainian Grid Attacks …
Extending Touch: Investigating Sensorimotor Integration, Cognitive Workload, And Presence With Neuro-Haptic Feedback In Virtual Reality, Aliyah Khadijah Shell
Extending Touch: Investigating Sensorimotor Integration, Cognitive Workload, And Presence With Neuro-Haptic Feedback In Virtual Reality, Aliyah Khadijah Shell
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Sensory feedback from the hand is fundamental for the coordination of fine motor skills and overall sensorimotor function. Impaired somatosensation during task execution has been associated with the development of inaccurate motor plans, which can hinder motor learning. Virtual Reality (VR) has emerged as a promising tool for motor rehabilitation; however, most VR-based interventions overlook the critical role of tactile feedback in motor control. The absence of touch feedback, which is integral to conventional rehabilitation and training, may limit the full therapeutic potential of VR. Integrating functionally relevant neurostimulation based haptic feedback (neuro-haptic feedback) into VR-based interventions may enhance functional …
“No Man Is An Island:” A Critical Discourses Analysis Of Newspaper Reporting On The Marshallese Community In Northwest Arkansas, Johana Vazquez
“No Man Is An Island:” A Critical Discourses Analysis Of Newspaper Reporting On The Marshallese Community In Northwest Arkansas, Johana Vazquez
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
The aim of this study was to examine local newspaper coverage of the Marshallese community in Northwest Arkansas from 1998 to 2017 and analyze discourses that could be attributed to linguistic bias, stereotypes, and Pacific transnationalism. This analysis examines how marginalized immigrants are portrayed in local news coverage using a critical discourse analysis (CDA). The study analyzes the labels and metaphors used in the coverage of Marshallese immigration, adapts the Stereotype Content Model for a discourse analysis, and compares the experiences of Marshallese in the area with larger scholarly work on Pacific transnationalism. The researcher analyzed 11 published pieces from …
Social Support And Depression In Latinx Youth: A Meta-Analysis, Dulce Diaz Benitez
Social Support And Depression In Latinx Youth: A Meta-Analysis, Dulce Diaz Benitez
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Although previous meta-analyses have found significant relationships between social support and youth outcomes, neither has included ethnicity as a moderator or even described the ethnic breakdown in the studies analyzed (Chu et al., 2010; Rueger et al., 2016). Studies that have looked at the relationship between social support and outcomes in Latinx youth have found mixed findings. This study examined the relationship between social support and depression in Latinx youth living in the United States. This study also explored differences in the strength of the relationship between social support and depression in several previously studied moderators (function of social support, …
Assessing Native Tallgrass Prairie Species As Main Roadside Vegetation In Arkansas, Sarah Paschal
Assessing Native Tallgrass Prairie Species As Main Roadside Vegetation In Arkansas, Sarah Paschal
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Tallgrass prairies are among the most endangered ecosystems in North America, with Arkansas having lost over 99% of its native grasslands. This research evaluated the potential for using native tallgrass prairie species in Arkansas roadside vegetation. Two field experiments were conducted from 2022 to 2024. The first assessed seven native seed mixtures at three roadside locations (Clarksville, Huntsville, and Newport). Seed mixture composition significantly influenced establishment outcomes, with early-establishing forbs such as black-eyed Susan, partridge pea, and Illinois bundleflower performing well, though establishment varied by location. A second trial compared planting date (Autumn, Winter, Spring) and planting method (broadcast, drill …
Studies Of Trispyrazolylborate Molybdenum-Oxo Compounds And Related Reactions, Miranda Sanders
Studies Of Trispyrazolylborate Molybdenum-Oxo Compounds And Related Reactions, Miranda Sanders
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
This dissertation details the design, development, and synthesis of a molybdenum-dioxo complex bearing a trispyrazolylborate ligand. The system was tested for its efficiency as a catalyst for deoxydehydration with a small substrate scope. Deoxydehydration reactions with 1-phenyl-1,2-ethanediol, diethytartrate, and 1,2-octanediol show low yields with catalytic turnover only found for diethyltartrate. Electrochemical studies show well behaved PCET behavior with two distinct electron transfer events in the presence of a proton donor. Studies of two molybdenum-dioxo complexes bearing dianionic pincer ligands were conducted to expand further on systems that have been extensively studied in our lab. Deoxydehydration of glycerol by a molybdenum-dioxo …
Supporting At-Risk Students Through Alternative Education: A Case Study On Reintegration, Behavior, And Stakeholder Perceptions At Sharpie Academy, Bryan O'Neal
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
This dissertation presents a mixed-methods case study examining the effectiveness of Sharpie Academy, an alternative education program within the Chalkboard Champions School District. The study investigated three central research questions: (1) How does participation in the alternative learning environment at Sharpie Academy influence students' behavior upon reintegration into the traditional education setting? (2) What are the perceptions of parents, teachers, and community members regarding the program's outcomes? (3) How do these perceptions influence stakeholder support for the academy? Data was collected from 121 participants, including 43 students and 78 adult stakeholders, using participant observation, semi-structured interviews, surveys, and document analysis. …
Examining The Relationship Between Cultural Competency And Teacher Preparation For Ethnic Studies: The Role Of Unconscious Bias, La Taschya Renee Harris
Examining The Relationship Between Cultural Competency And Teacher Preparation For Ethnic Studies: The Role Of Unconscious Bias, La Taschya Renee Harris
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
This study examines the relationship between cultural competency and teacher preparedness for Ethnic Studies, and seeks to understand whether unconscious bias influences that relationship. California’s Assembly Bill 101 mandates that all high school seniors take Ethnic Studies as a graduation requirement. Los Angeles Unified School District is the largest school district in California, the second largest in the U.S., and the fifth most segregated school district in the nation. With 44% of White high school teachers in Los Angeles Unified School District situated in the north region and a significantly less presence throughout the other three regions, the question of …
Optimal Network Maintenance And Restoration: Applications And Algorithms, Nayan Chakrabarty
Optimal Network Maintenance And Restoration: Applications And Algorithms, Nayan Chakrabarty
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
In this dissertation, we consider three types of network optimization problems. In Chapter 1, we consider a network maintenance problem which focuses on time-based redeployment of multi-class nodes for reliable wireless sensor network coverage. Whereas previous research on time-based node redeployment assumes nodes are identical with respect to time to failure, we use multiple classes of sensor nodes to represent a scenario where nodes’ times to failure are dependent on positioning in the network. We propose a partial survival signature (PSS) approach for estimating area coverage reliability under a given time-based redeployment policy, where the PSS is estimated by Monte …
Increasing Soil Health In Zero-Grade, Flood-Irrigated Rice In Eastern Arkansas, Hannah Elizabeth Vickmark
Increasing Soil Health In Zero-Grade, Flood-Irrigated Rice In Eastern Arkansas, Hannah Elizabeth Vickmark
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
In an effort to build and maintain soil health and sequester soil C, many producers and researchers are turning towards regenerative management practices in agricultural systems, such as reduced tillage or no-tillage (NT), the implementation of winter cover crops (CC), and the use of organic or green manures, such as biochar. However, little research is being conducted on the long-term soil health and agronomic benefits of these practices in a flood-irrigated rice (Oryza sativa L.) production system. Three replications of seven treatment combinations were applied to 6.1 x 30.5 m rice plots. Baseline soil health properties were quantified at six …
Emotion Analysis And Neural Language Models For Classification, Andrew Mackey
Emotion Analysis And Neural Language Models For Classification, Andrew Mackey
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Emotion analysis is a branch of artificial intelligence and natural language processing focused on recognizing emotions hidden throughout various forms of digital data, including text, images, and multi-modal representations. In this dissertation, we present four published and planned works that investigate different methodologies for natural language analysis tasks using deep learning techniques. The first published work we present considers the task of identifying fake news using various text and emotion representations. We demonstrate that emotion representations combined with word embedding techniques can improve the accuracy of fake news classification. Our second published work further investigates the fake news classification task …
Educational Freedom In The United States: Democracy, Pandemic Learning, And Family Choices, Daion Lamont Daniels
Educational Freedom In The United States: Democracy, Pandemic Learning, And Family Choices, Daion Lamont Daniels
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
This dissertation explores the relationships among educational freedom, democratic outcomes, and family choice in the United States. Through three complementary studies, it examines how school choice interacts with civic education, student achievement, and parental behavior. Together, these studies provide a comprehensive view of how educational freedom is reshaping American schooling. The first study investigates whether private schooling supports or undermines democratic values. Using survey data from students in both private and public schools, it finds that private school students demonstrate stronger knowledge of American government and greater support for democratic norms. These results suggest that private schools may play a …