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Mind The Gap: Exploring Sociocultural And Educational Factors Contributing To The Gender-Based Achievement Gap In Early Elementary Ela, William Matthew Mcgee
Mind The Gap: Exploring Sociocultural And Educational Factors Contributing To The Gender-Based Achievement Gap In Early Elementary Ela, William Matthew Mcgee
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
This study examined the sociocultural and educational factors contributing to the gender-based achievement gap in early elementary English Language Arts (ELA). While research has examined the gender-based achievement gap related to female-identifying students in STEM disciplines, there is less emphasis on the underperformance of male-identifying students in ELA. Earlier research often emphasized biological explanations rather than the influence of environment and instructional practices. This study was guided by the Expectancy-Value Theory and Social Role Theory to better understand how home environments, gender norms, instructional practices, and student perception of literacy influence student engagement and performance in Kindergarten through third grade. …
Collective Dissipative Charging And Energy Extraction In Quantum Batteries, Sagar Pokhrel
Collective Dissipative Charging And Energy Extraction In Quantum Batteries, Sagar Pokhrel
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
In this dissertation, we investigate the charging and discharging dynamics of a quantum battery composed of a collectively driven ensemble of $N$ identical two level systems coupled to a structured electromagnetic environment. The system is described using collective angular momentum operators in the Dicke basis, which provides a compact and physically transparent framework for analyzing collective light-matter interactions. Rather than treating dissipation as an unwanted source of loss, we explicitly use it as a mechanism for energy storage and work extraction. Starting from a coherently driven ensemble coupled to common reservoirs, we derive a master equation in Lindblad form under …
Here’S To Screaming And Healing: An Exploration Of Women’S Intergenerational Experienced Trauma Through Performance, Bellah Noelle Crawford
Here’S To Screaming And Healing: An Exploration Of Women’S Intergenerational Experienced Trauma Through Performance, Bellah Noelle Crawford
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
This thesis contains a glimpse into the inner workings of my process as an actor in approaching the role of Hecuba in The Trojan Women, the application of process in performance, script analysis, and the relevancy of the play’s thematic content as it relates to my artistry, womanhood, and our modern world. Additionally, I will offer insight into the creation of my one person show – Mr. Sandman. I will discuss the inspiration that curated the play, how it finds societal relevancy, and the performative aspect of cultivating a solo theatrical piece. It includes the lineage between both productions and …
Behind The Screens And The Scoop: A Qualitative Analysis Of First-Person Mental Health Content On Social Media And Implications For News Coverage, Isabella Lise Marie Larue
Behind The Screens And The Scoop: A Qualitative Analysis Of First-Person Mental Health Content On Social Media And Implications For News Coverage, Isabella Lise Marie Larue
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
More young people are reporting increased viewership of health content across social media platforms, with only 55% of adults reporting this in a 2025 KFF (Kaiser Family Foundation) poll. While trust in this form of information is low, consumption is increasing, alongside traditional news articles’ agenda-setting that discusses the same information in a different format. The goal of this research is to explore the effects of consuming first-person mental health content on social media for people with mental illness, more than just documenting its existence, and if audiences report a sense of belonging through this social media content. The results …
Fret Studies On The Binding Of Fibroblast Growth Factor (Fgf) Proteins To The Hard Corona Of Cuins2-Based Quantum Dots, Colette Robinson
Fret Studies On The Binding Of Fibroblast Growth Factor (Fgf) Proteins To The Hard Corona Of Cuins2-Based Quantum Dots, Colette Robinson
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) has been shown to be an important protein in angiogenesis, which is critical in developmental biology and wound healing but has also been implicated in cancer metastasis. FGF interacts with an FGF Receptor (FGFR) to signal the onset of angiogenesis but the detailed mechanism of angiogenesis, and particularly its regulation, is still largely unknown. Imaging the interaction of FGF with FGFR in biologically-relevant environments, such as directly in cells, is key towards furthering this understanding and may eventually aid in the development of better cancer treatments. CuInS2/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) are an attractive fluorescent probe to …
Nadh Flim Reveals Cellular Bioenergetics And Mitochondrial Morphology During Drosophila Convergent Extension, Maria Espana Pena
Nadh Flim Reveals Cellular Bioenergetics And Mitochondrial Morphology During Drosophila Convergent Extension, Maria Espana Pena
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that can fragment or fuse to support different bioenergetic demands and cellular processes, although the role of mitochondrial fission and fusion during embryonic development is not well understood. Fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) of the mitochondrial cofactor NADH can be used to visualize mitochondrial networks and infer aspects of cellular bioenergetics in a label-free manner. We used NADH FLIM to test whether germband cells undergo changes in cellular metabolism during Drosophila convergent extension (CE)––a process in which hundreds of epithelial cells undergo coordinated intercalation to elongate the embryo. Contrary to our expectations, we did not observe significant …
Exploring Agricultural Pathways: An Analysis Of Arkansas Community Colleges, Natasha Hightower
Exploring Agricultural Pathways: An Analysis Of Arkansas Community Colleges, Natasha Hightower
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
As demand for a highly skilled agricultural workforce continues to grow, Arkansas must strengthen accessible and clearly defined academic and career pathways to prepare future agricultural professionals. Community colleges serve as a critical entry point into higher education, particularly for rural and first-generation students, and play a vital role in both workforce development and transfer preparation. However, information related to agricultural education offerings, transfer pathways, and faculty at Arkansas community colleges is often decentralized and difficult for students and stakeholders to locate. The purpose of this study was to examine agricultural education offerings at community colleges in Arkansas, specifically agricultural …
Modeling Bicycle Ridership In Northwest Arkansas, Nelofar Qulizada
Modeling Bicycle Ridership In Northwest Arkansas, Nelofar Qulizada
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
In a global comparison, the U.S. ranks second lowest in bicycle use for urban trips, surpassed only by Brazil. This underutilization signals missed opportunities to improve public health, environmental sustainability, and community connections. In Northwest Arkansas (NWA), a region actively investing in active transportation infrastructure, efforts were underway to reverse this trend. However, a key question remained: Were these investments effectively boosting bicycle ridership? To address this question, communities required reliable methods to measure cycling activity. Traditionally, this involved stationary counters placed at strategic locations to monitor ridership patterns. While accurate, these counters had limited spatial coverage. In contrast, emerging …
Nanoscale Electrochemical Measurements: Theory, Instrumentation, And Operation, Kamsy Lerae Anderson
Nanoscale Electrochemical Measurements: Theory, Instrumentation, And Operation, Kamsy Lerae Anderson
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Electrochemical processes underpin many modern technologies (e.g., batteries, fuel cells, and corrosion protection systems), and because these processes are often controlled by interactions that occur at the nanoscale, gaining insight into nanoscale electrochemical behavior is essential to advancing these technologies. Nanoscale electrochemical imaging probes measure electrochemical activity with nanoscale spatial resolution and have enabled researchers to gain new insights into diverse experimental systems. However, limitations remain, including a lack of methods for direct quantitative interpretation, the influence of atmospheric conditions on experimental reproducibility and stability, and a knowledge barrier resulting from limited accessible resources, all of which continue to restrict …
Geothermal Gradient And Lithium Co-Generation Power Potential In Lafayette County, Arkansas, Juan Agustin Falquez
Geothermal Gradient And Lithium Co-Generation Power Potential In Lafayette County, Arkansas, Juan Agustin Falquez
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
The Smackover formation in south Arkansas is a known reservoir for brines with high temperature and salinity. Recently, Smackover formation brines in Lafayette County, Arkansas are a target for lithium extraction. A county-wide dataset of Bottomhole Temperatures (BHT) is used to estimate a lower bound geothermal gradient of 36 C/km and a reservoir temperature of 116 C at an approximate depth of 2725 m. The high temperatures make the brines a candidate for geothermal power co-generation. Geothermal power co-generation can be achieved by implementing an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) power plant. The Southwest Arkansas Lithium project anticipates a total of …
Design And Evaluation Of A Single-Gate Multi-Threshold Null Convention Logic Architecture For Area Efficiency, John Edward Swaim
Design And Evaluation Of A Single-Gate Multi-Threshold Null Convention Logic Architecture For Area Efficiency, John Edward Swaim
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Asynchronous circuit design paradigms, such as NULL convention logic (NCL) and Multi-Threshold NCL (MTNCL), offer increased energy efficiency over synchronous equivalents and robust pipelines with minimal timing analysis. However, their dependency on dual-rail signal encoding causes significant overhead compared to single-rail equivalents. Previous single-gate and single-rail NCL paradigms have sought to reduce circuit area, but most compromise their quasi-delay-insensitivity and correct-by-construction nature with logic gate and system-level design choices. This thesis presents Single-Gate MTNCL (SG-MTNCL), a register controlled, single-gate, and dual-rail asynchronous architecture to improve the area efficiency of MTNCL without compromising the reliability of previous paradigms. The benefits of …
Of Dunes And Ice: A Surface-Atmosphere Investigation Of Mars Co2 Sublimation Features And Titan Aeolian Fields, Racine D. Cleveland
Of Dunes And Ice: A Surface-Atmosphere Investigation Of Mars Co2 Sublimation Features And Titan Aeolian Fields, Racine D. Cleveland
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
This dissertation investigates a central question: How do planetary boundary layer processes manifest in observable surface geomorphology, and how can planetary imagery be used to quantify those effects? The planetary boundary layer (PBL) governs near-surface exchanges of momentum, heat, and volatiles, yet direct atmospheric measurements remain spatially and temporally limited on most planetary bodies. By analyzing geomorphic features preserved in high-resolution imagery, this work quantifies how boundary-layer processes leave measurable signatures on planetary surfaces. For Mars, high-resolution images from the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) HiRISE instrument were used to map CO2 sublimation features, or Swiss Cheese Features (SCFs), on the …
Faster Than The Speed Of Bram: In-Memory Computing For Next Generation Fpgas On The Edge, Nathaniel Joseph Fredricks
Faster Than The Speed Of Bram: In-Memory Computing For Next Generation Fpgas On The Edge, Nathaniel Joseph Fredricks
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Traditional computer systems are hitting the Memory Wall as machine learning applications are bottlenecked by the bandwidth between separate memory and compute units. Current FPGA architectures are able to bypass this bottleneck with block RAMs (BRAMs) that provide on-chip, in-fabric storage. However, their potential as the foundation of computing components is often overlooked; machine learning accelerators implemented on FPGAs face additional delays when transferring data between memory and compute units. These penalties arise from BRAM bandwidth limitations and movement of data through the reconfigurable fabric. To support FPGA-based accelerators on the edge and break the Memory Wall, reconfigurable architectures must …
Mechanisms Of Bacterial Glucokinase Inactivation Through Site-Specific Lysine Modification And Chemical Inhibition, Joseph Robert Will Andrews
Mechanisms Of Bacterial Glucokinase Inactivation Through Site-Specific Lysine Modification And Chemical Inhibition, Joseph Robert Will Andrews
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Glycolysis and related metabolic pathways are controlled by various post-translational modifications (PTMs) that affect enzyme activity and metabolic flow. In E. coli, glucokinase (GLK) sits at the crossroads of glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway and carries out the first committed step of glycolysis: ATP-dependent phosphorylation of glucose. While it's known that glucose binding causes GLK to close its domains, how phosphate binding, lysine modification, and small-molecule inhibitors regulate GLK's shape and function is still not fully understood. Here, I combine structural biochemistry and enzymology to figure out how phosphate binding, specific mutations, and chemical inhibitors affect E. coli GLK. …
Design And Optimization To Advance Silicon Carbide Modules For Medium Voltage High Power Applications, Ahmed Ismail
Design And Optimization To Advance Silicon Carbide Modules For Medium Voltage High Power Applications, Ahmed Ismail
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
The commercial availability of the first 10 kV silicon carbide (SiC) MOSFET removes the principal semiconductor barrier to medium-voltage power conversion, enabling converter topologies that are structurally inaccessible to silicon IGBT solutions at this voltage class. This dissertation presents the characterization infrastructure, device-level data, and preliminary system-level validation needed to advance the deployment of the third-generation 10 kV SiC MOSFET in converter applications. A custom-built 10 kV double-pulse test platform is developed with a fully documented component-sizing methodology, custom medium-voltage magnetics, and a measurement infrastructure capable of high bandwidth waveform capture at kilovolt common-mode potentials. On this platform, the third-generation …
Automated Circuit Design Algorithm And Implementation For Asynchronous Reset (Ares) Physically Unclonable Functions, Andrew Michael Felder
Automated Circuit Design Algorithm And Implementation For Asynchronous Reset (Ares) Physically Unclonable Functions, Andrew Michael Felder
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Technology is increasingly interwoven in all aspects of society as it solves new problems, creates new possibilities, and enables new conveniences. With its unceasing evolution, environments handling protected information such as military, finance, and medicine demand ever-evolving threat mitigation. Combating attackers’ abilities to spoof devices, uncover cryptographic keys, and bypass security features is a never-ending task which drives technological advancement to improve existing capabilities and develop entirely new methodologies. In this dissertation work, the hybrid Asynchronous RESet Physically Unclonable Function (ARES PUF) is evaluated at the circuit to determine its merits as a PUF. As part of this evaluation, results …
Privacy Protection In Machine Learning: Methods For Structured And Unstructured Data, Karuna Bhaila
Privacy Protection In Machine Learning: Methods For Structured And Unstructured Data, Karuna Bhaila
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
As machine learning models become increasingly integrated into data-driven decision-making, the protection of sensitive information throughout the model lifecycle is a paramount concern. As these models process and memorize sensitive, proprietary, or personal data, they risk leaking information through their outputs or internal states, especially in domains such as healthcare and finance. The protection of data in machine learning has thus been a crucial field of study. Within this paradigm, researchers have studied theoretical and application-oriented mechanisms for realizing privacy protections for various data formats. Nonetheless, privacy in machine learning still has many open problems, especially with the emergence of …
Toward Causal Generative Modeling: From Representation Learning To Controllable Generation, Aneesh Komanduri
Toward Causal Generative Modeling: From Representation Learning To Controllable Generation, Aneesh Komanduri
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
The hallmark of human intelligence is causal reasoning, the ability to infer relationships between causes and effects through observation and intervention. While modern deep learning has excelled at identifying statistical patterns, current generative models often struggle to capture the underlying structural causal mechanisms of the data-generating process, leaving them vulnerable to shortcut learning and spurious associations. To achieve true generalizability and interpretability, artificial intelligence must transition from simple association to higher-level causal reasoning to be capable of scheduling and planning in the real world. This dissertation develops fundamental methodologies for causal generative modeling by integrating Pearl’s Structural Causal Model (SCM) …
The Impact Of Quantum Computing On Ransomware, Byron Denham
The Impact Of Quantum Computing On Ransomware, Byron Denham
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Ransomware is one of the most pervasive and dangerous threats to cybersecurity today. Attacks involving ransomware have been responsible for the disruption of critical services in many fields including healthcare, education, and government. In the current paradigm, crypto ransomware relies on asymmetric cryptography to perform its operations in a way that ensure the victim’s only chance for file recovery is by paying the attacker’s requested ransom payment. However, advancements in quantum computing threaten the asymmetric cryptography that ransomware relies on. It has been shown that, once developed, a sufficiently powerful quantum computer will have the ability to break asymmetric cryptography …
Wildflower Season: A Semi-Somnolescent Retrospective, Connor Johnson
Wildflower Season: A Semi-Somnolescent Retrospective, Connor Johnson
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
I came to graduate school under the impression that I would be working on my own. I believed the process of playwriting to be an individualistic pursuit, where my plays came from my mind and my mind alone. Instead, through the process of writing my thesis play, Wildflower Season, and its subsequent production as part of the ArkType New Play Festival, I discovered that writing a play was a collective endeavor, and that one of the great pleasures the theatre has to offer is creating it with a group of other people.
Writing Through The Plague: Memory, Trauma, And Survival In Arabic And English Narrative, Zainab Abbood Jawhar Aldaoseri
Writing Through The Plague: Memory, Trauma, And Survival In Arabic And English Narrative, Zainab Abbood Jawhar Aldaoseri
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
This thesis examines how Arabic and English literary and intellectual traditions responded to the Black Death as a shared yet differently articulated experience of collective trauma. Drawing on trauma theory, particularly the work of Cathy Caruth and Dominick LaCapra, it analyzes how plague narratives function as cultural mechanisms for processing mass suffering. Through a comparative study of Arabic historiographical, theological, medical, and poetic texts alongside English allegorical, mystical, autobiographical, and satirical writings, this project argues that both traditions developed distinct narrative strategies to render the trauma of plague intelligible. Arabic plague literature, represented by figures such as Ibn Khaldūn, Ibn …
Efficient Deep Neural Networks For Autonomous Perception, Reeshad Khan
Efficient Deep Neural Networks For Autonomous Perception, Reeshad Khan
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Autonomous perception systems must operate reliably under uncertainty arising from noisy observations, incomplete supervision, and hardware constraints. This dissertation investigates the design of efficient deep neural networks for autonomous perception through a unified perspective that treats uncertainty, efficiency, and sensing as interconnected challenges. The first contribution develops adaptive extensions of unbiased risk estimators, including eSURE and ePURE, enabling unsupervised training of deep neural networks for magnetic resonance image denoising under Gaussian and Poisson noise. However, these methods rely on known noise assumptions, which motivates the second contribution: a unified diffusion and Bayesian risk framework that estimates and adapts to unknown …
Analyzing The Effects Of Message Testing On The Public's Opinion About Gene Editing In Agriculture And Medicine, Luke Sanford Wimpy
Analyzing The Effects Of Message Testing On The Public's Opinion About Gene Editing In Agriculture And Medicine, Luke Sanford Wimpy
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
This paper will present results from the final survey of a multi-stage project examining factors that influence opinions about gene editing in agriculture and medicine. In this final survey, 3,200 U.S. respondents were recruited and randomized to view one of eight videos that communicated the safety of gene editing to determine which factors are most influential in changing opinions. The eight videos were designed based on data collected from focus groups and three previous surveys in this multi-stage project. The eight videos varied by three attributes: messenger, message, and application. The messenger in the videos was either a researcher or …
Old-Growth Surveys And Landowner Outreach In The Cross Timbers Of Oklahoma, Jon Webb
Old-Growth Surveys And Landowner Outreach In The Cross Timbers Of Oklahoma, Jon Webb
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
The Cross Timbers ecoregion represents a critical ecologic transition zone, spanning approximately 17 million acres across Oklahoma, Texas, Kansas, and Arkansas. Situated between eastern deciduous forests and the southern Great Plains, the Cross Timbers are dominated by drought-tolerant post oak (Quercus stellata) and blackjack oak (Quercus marilandica). Despite retaining some of the most extensive old-growth forests in the eastern United States, this ecoregion remains threatened by urban expansion, agricultural conversion, altered fire regimes, and eastern red cedar (Juniperus virginiana) encroachment. This project sought to identify, survey, and document large, previously un-surveyed or unreported tracts of old-growth Cross Timbers in Oklahoma, …
Groundwater Responses To Tidal Restoration At Pelican Marsh And Sea-Level Rise In Elkhorn Slough, California, Julie E. Nelson
Groundwater Responses To Tidal Restoration At Pelican Marsh And Sea-Level Rise In Elkhorn Slough, California, Julie E. Nelson
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Coastal wetlands represent a dynamic but vulnerable terrestrial-aquatic interface with future resilience controlled by historic hydrologic alterations, sea-level rise, and groundwater extraction. In diked coastal settings, poor tidal connectivity can degrade habitat from the impoundment of freshwater or hypersaline surface waters. Restoring tidal connectivity could foster marsh revitalization, but altering the surface hydrologic system could lead to unwanted salinity intrusion in shallow aquifers. Saline groundwater intrusion degrades freshwater quality and, while inevitable with sea-level rise, could be accelerated with tidal marsh restoration. To investigate this, I developed a steady-state groundwater flow model of Pelican Marsh, a diked, muted tidal marsh …
Dissecting The Complex Genomic Landscape Underlying Oxidative Stress Resistance Using Natural Variation In Yeast, Sonali Lakshika Anne Lenaduwe
Dissecting The Complex Genomic Landscape Underlying Oxidative Stress Resistance Using Natural Variation In Yeast, Sonali Lakshika Anne Lenaduwe
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Stress is experienced across the tree of life. Survival in fluctuating environments depends on a robust genetic architecture. This dissertation examines the genetic and metabolic determinants underlying one such adaptive response: cross-protection. Leveraging natural variation in the stress responses of budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, I examine the genetic variation contributing to ethanol-induced cross-protection against oxidative stress. Acquired stress resistance, in which mild pre-exposure improves survival to subsequent stresses, is prevalent across diverse organisms and can involve both same-stress and cross-protection. Using high-throughput bulk segregant analysis (BSA-seq) and advanced intercross mapping populations derived from natural yeast isolates, I identify quantitative trait …
Study On The Effects Of Molecular Layer Deposition Coating And Mechanical Pressure On Lithium Metal Anodes, Cameron Mondl
Study On The Effects Of Molecular Layer Deposition Coating And Mechanical Pressure On Lithium Metal Anodes, Cameron Mondl
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Lithium (Li) metal is a highly promising anode material for next-generation energy storage systems due to its outstanding theoretical capacity and low electrochemical potential. However, its commercialization implementation has been hindered due to interfacial instability and uncontrollable dendrite formation, leading to poor cycling efficiency and thermal runaway. Among the most promising stabilization strategies, protective interfacial coatings have emerged as an effective solution to promote more uniform Li deposition and suppress erratic morphological inconsistencies. In particular, molecular layer deposition (MLD) enables uniform film thickness through layer-by-layer deposits, offering a highly versatile approach to protective interfacial layers. In addition to interfacial engineering, …
Developmental Mathematics As A Potential Barrier To Degree Completion In Community Colleges, Cynthia Bernice Fletcher
Developmental Mathematics As A Potential Barrier To Degree Completion In Community Colleges, Cynthia Bernice Fletcher
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Developmental mathematics is often seen as a barrier to student progression in community colleges, especially for students pursuing Associate of Science degrees requiring math coursework. This quantitative, ex post facto, non-experimental study examined how developmental mathematics factors predicted Associate of Science degree completion at a two-year community college in the West South-Central United States. Specifically, it assessed how academic performance in developmental mathematics, placement method, math pathway, and number of developmental math courses related to Associate of Science degree completion, as well as differences across student subgroups. Archival institutional data were used for first-time-in-college students across four cohorts: 2018, 2019, …
Hitler's Foreign Legions: Non-German Recruitment And Formations In The Waffen Ss, Jacob O'Bannon
Hitler's Foreign Legions: Non-German Recruitment And Formations In The Waffen Ss, Jacob O'Bannon
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
During the Nazi regime, the armed bodyguard of the National Socialist Party the, the SS grew rapidly and eventually recruited foreign manpower. This thesis analyzes the rapid expansion of the SS as an armed military force and traces their forays into non-German states to recruit as the demands of World War II increased. The SS fielded thirty-eight divisions by the end of the war with hundreds of thousands of members not being from Germany. This rapid expansion, undertaken with soldiers from a variety of backgrounds, created a series of fractures between the ideological tenets of the SS and their practices. …
You Can Get Your Mail Sent There While You’Re Sleeping On The Street: A Community-Forward Analysis On The Role And Function Of The Northwest Arkansas Non-Profit Industry, Kaci Churchill
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Nonprofit services are frequently sought by community members experiencing material hardship, particularly at junctures where employment- and state-based compensation fail to provide sufficiently. While barriers to aid provision have been examined from the perspective of nonprofits, various accessibility issues for community members seeking to obtain support are an under evaluated factor that influence the efficacy of nonprofits in carrying forth their mission. This qualitative study seeks to understand commonly experienced barriers to support facing resource-seeking community members. Semi-structured interviews with Northwest Arkansas community members, a region highly saturated with well-funded nonprofit agencies, shed light on recurring obstacles, and provide theoretical …