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Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

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Aromatic Formation In Catalytic Cracking: A Study Using Model Compounds Over Astm Standard Catalysts., Ramesh B. Subramanian Jan 1997

Aromatic Formation In Catalytic Cracking: A Study Using Model Compounds Over Astm Standard Catalysts., Ramesh B. Subramanian

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The formation of aromatics during catalytic cracking was investigated using model compounds. Cracking reactions were carried out in a microactivity test (MAT) unit. Three ASTM standard catalysts, obtained from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) were used for this work. Representative compounds were chosen to represent the following compound classes: linear and branched paraffin, linear and branched olefin and cycloparaffin. Cracking of a paraffin-olefin mixture was carried out to investigate synergistic effects if any. The dependence of aromatization reactions on cracking temperature was investigated. Characterization, separation and analysis of products was carried out using GC and GC-MS. In …

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Portrayal Of Teacher Image: An Exploration Of Perceptions And Behaviors Of Healthcare Educators., Carole Shockey Thomassy Jan 1997

Portrayal Of Teacher Image: An Exploration Of Perceptions And Behaviors Of Healthcare Educators., Carole Shockey Thomassy

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The purpose of this study was to explore and describe the image healthcare educators believed they portrayed as a teacher and the behaviors they believed actualized the image. A pilot study was completed to evaluate the data collection techniques. A purposive sample of healthcare educators participated in one-to-one semi-standardized interviews and was observed in a teaching situation for demonstration of self-identified behaviors they believed actualized their image. Thematic analysis of the data resulted in five categories: coming to the role, perceptions held by subjects regarding image, people who may have influenced the image, behaviors that actualized the image and self-perceived …

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Role Expectations And Predictions Of Trends For Human Resource Development At Small, Private Colleges And Universities Within The Southern Regional Education Board Area., Beth Ann Triplett Jan 1997

Role Expectations And Predictions Of Trends For Human Resource Development At Small, Private Colleges And Universities Within The Southern Regional Education Board Area., Beth Ann Triplett

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This study was designed to identify the role expectations, reporting hierarchy, years in role and trends in human resource development (HRD) as reported by the person responsible for HRD in small, private colleges and universities within the Southern Regional Education Board (SREB) geographic area. The population for this study was all the four-year, small, private schools in Southern Regional Education Board (SREB) states (N = 200). Each institution in the sample was mailed a copy of the HRD Roles Survey, an instrument developed for the purpose of this research. The survey was based on data from the American Society for …

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Effects Of Membrane Rotation And Transmembrane Pressure On The High-Shear Rotary Ultrafiltration Of An Oily Wastewater., Roger C. Viadero Jan 1997

Effects Of Membrane Rotation And Transmembrane Pressure On The High-Shear Rotary Ultrafiltration Of An Oily Wastewater., Roger C. Viadero

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Large volumes of spent oil-in-water emulsions are produced in the metal-working industry. The treatment of oily wastewaters with conventional membrane separation technologies is limited by the low permeate flux observed at high oil concentrations due to difficulty pumping concentrated solutions at high recirculation velocities. In the high-shear rotary ultrafiltration (UF) unit, disk membranes are rotated at speeds up to 1,750 rpm to generate hydraulic turbulence which scours the membrane surface. Thus, the pump is required only to provide transmembrane pressure and a small amount of recirculation. The objective of this research was to perform a parametric waste-specific study on the …

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Retrovirus Variation And Rt Template Switching During Retroviral Reverse Transcription: Development Of Novel Retroviral Vectors For Gene Therapy., John George Julias Jan 1997

Retrovirus Variation And Rt Template Switching During Retroviral Reverse Transcription: Development Of Novel Retroviral Vectors For Gene Therapy., John George Julias

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The low processivity of retroviral reverse transcriptase and the lack of exonucleolytic proofreading by retroviral reverse trascriptase contribute to the emergence of virus variants in infected hosts. A result of the low processivity of reverse transcriptase is the high frequency deletion of direct repeats in retroviral genomes and vectors. We determined that direct repeats of 383, 788, and 1333 base pairs delete at rates of 28-40, 85, and 93%, respectively, in one round of retroviral replication. Also, we demonstrated that the propensity of reverse transcriptase to switch templates could be used to reconstitute the neomycin resistance gene and delete the …

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Broiler Exports: A Structural Time Series Approach., Crispin Mutshipayi Kapombe Jan 1997

Broiler Exports: A Structural Time Series Approach., Crispin Mutshipayi Kapombe

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This study's central purpose is to provide information that can be used to help understand and, thus, increase U.S. exports of poultry products. It emphasizes international broiler market responsiveness to U.S. export prices, the impact of currency realignments on imports from the U.S. (exchange rate impacts), per capita incomes of importing countries, the prices of substitutes, and government interventions in poultry markets. To investigate the interrelated U.S. broiler export market, a multiple equation econometric model of U.S. broiler exports is developed. The theoretical framework of the broiler exports model is the structural time series model (STSM), developed by Harvey and …

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Computational Modelling Of Tube Production Process For Nickel-Base Alloys., Young Ryul Kim Jan 1997

Computational Modelling Of Tube Production Process For Nickel-Base Alloys., Young Ryul Kim

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Numerical modelling simulations of two dimensional tube extrusion and three dimensional tube pilgering reduction of nickel-base alloys were conducted using a commercial finite element code, DEFORM{dollar}\\sp{lcub}\\rm TM{rcub}{dollar}. Accuracy of the finite element modelling results was verified quantitatively by comparing solid extrusion simulation results with experimental data. An interface frictional coefficient was also examined and the best fit was selected for the simulation. As expected, heat loss of the extruded material was found to be significant due to temperature-dependent material properties of the alloy. A sequence of selected FEM tube extrusion simulations using DEFORM{dollar}\\sp{lcub}\\rm TM{rcub}{dollar} were carried out and based on …

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Decentralized Estimation For Large Scale Interconnected Systems., Noureddine Bekhouche Jan 1997

Decentralized Estimation For Large Scale Interconnected Systems., Noureddine Bekhouche

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This dissertation deals with the design of decentralized estimators for large scale interconnected systems. The systems are composed of several subsystems interconnected together. At each subsystem level a filter is designed to estimate local and/or interface variables. Kalman filtering and H{dollar}\\infty{dollar} filtering tools are used to derive decentralized estimators based on two different approaches namely, direct and indirect methods. A power system application is used to illustrate the proposed algorithms. In each method the decentralized filter design requires a subsystem model (local model) and a set of measurements. In the direct method additional measurements are needed for decentralization. In the …

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A Comparative Study Of Alma Mater Support Between First-Generation Alumni And Other Alumni., Susan Elaine Bohna Jan 1997

A Comparative Study Of Alma Mater Support Between First-Generation Alumni And Other Alumni., Susan Elaine Bohna

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The primary purpose of this study is to identify and compare the support of first-generation college graduates with other college graduates in terms of their gift support patterns and frequency of giving to their alma mater. A descriptive study design was used to analyze the data collected through the survey. The primary purpose of this research was to identify aspects of first-generation alumni resulting in reliable information for fund raisers to make better decisions regarding prospect cultivation. To conduct this study, survey instruments were sent to 400 alumni from the undergraduating class of 1975 from West Virginia University. These included …

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Nationbuilding And The Military: The Life And Career Of Secretary Of War Henry Knox, 1750-1806., Michael Darryl Carter Jan 1997

Nationbuilding And The Military: The Life And Career Of Secretary Of War Henry Knox, 1750-1806., Michael Darryl Carter

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The following dissertation is an examination of the life of Henry Knox and his rise from a small bookstore owner in colonial Boston to a major general commanding the entire Continental artillery in the Revolutionary War through his tenure as Secretary of War in President George Washington's cabinet. A symbol of the vast majority of common men throughout America, Knox sought opportunity during the Revolution to rise above his position, fought with stubborn determination to win American independence, and struggled to bring his visions for the new nation and its military into being. He forged bonds of loyalty with George …

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Thermodynamic Model Of A Three-Chamber Engine., Kristine Kincaid Craven Jan 1997

Thermodynamic Model Of A Three-Chamber Engine., Kristine Kincaid Craven

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The three chamber (3C) engine concept was evaluated using computer programs with thermodynamic emphasis. This 3C engine utilizes pistons to perform compression and expansion of the working gas. These cylinders are connected by a combustion chamber. By separating the compression and expansion processes, it is possible to have a larger expansion displacement thus introducing the displacement ratio which is the quotient of expansion to compression displacement. Initially an algebraic analysis of the air-standard cycle was completed. Following this an ideal computer model was developed and used to verify that the 3C engine deviated from the Diesel cycle and approached that …

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Physical, Chemical, And Microbial Analysis Of Domestic Wastewater Treated By Small Constructed Wetlands Designed For Individual Households., Keith R. Hench Jan 1997

Physical, Chemical, And Microbial Analysis Of Domestic Wastewater Treated By Small Constructed Wetlands Designed For Individual Households., Keith R. Hench

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Many small communities located in rural areas of the United States lack adequate domestic wastewater treatment plants. Constructed wetlands are being promoted as low-cost, low-maintenance systems for treatment of domestic wastewater in areas where standard septic tanks fail. In order to evaluate the efficacy of small constructed wetlands, 20 small-scale wetlands mesocosms (100 gal each) containing five plant treatments (no plants/control, Typha, Scirpus, and Juncus monocultures, and all three species combined) were planted into pea gravel at either 18 or 24 inches in depth. Each mesocosm received 5 gal/day of primary-treated domestic sewage. Mesocosms were monitored on a monthly basis …

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Integrating Technology Education Concepts Into China's Educational System., Faxian Yang Jan 1997

Integrating Technology Education Concepts Into China's Educational System., Faxian Yang

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The problem of this study was to develop a strategy for integrating technology education concepts within the Chinese mathematics and science curricula. The researcher used a case study as the basic methodology. It included three methods for collecting data: literature review, field study in junior and senior secondary schools in America and China, and interviews with experienced educators who were familiar with the status of technology education programs in the selected countries. The data came from the following areas: Japan, Taiwan, the United Kingdom, China, and five states in the United States: Illinois, Iowa, Maryland, Massachusetts, and New York. The …

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A Neural Network Based Inference Engine Generator For Comprehension And Translation Of English And Spanish Commands To Unix "E-Mail" And "Vi" Editor., Mohammad Reza Moozoun Jan 1997

A Neural Network Based Inference Engine Generator For Comprehension And Translation Of English And Spanish Commands To Unix "E-Mail" And "Vi" Editor., Mohammad Reza Moozoun

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Since the advent of computers, scientists have tried to use the human languages for communication with computers. This pursuit has led several scientists, such as Chomsky to establish that there must be a specific part of the brain adapted to language learning and processing genetically, namely the "language organ". Humans are able to understand and produce sentences that they may have never heard. This leads to the understanding that language must follow some strict rules of processing which is referred to as "grammar of a language". The Artificial Neural Networks (NN) inspired by the neural networks of biological systems have …

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A General Statistical Approach To Engineering Problem Solving., Ali Akbar Moshirpour Jan 1997

A General Statistical Approach To Engineering Problem Solving., Ali Akbar Moshirpour

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

A non-deterministic approach to engineering problem solving is developed, with the emphasis on the effects of manufacturing and service uncertainties on selected performance characteristics and economic factors. The approach integrates concepts from probability analysis, statistical inference, and decision making theory into a coherent framework, which is identified here as the Decision Model for Engineering (DME). The main innovative aspect of this approach is the application of a general method for statistical inference based on the Bayes' theorem to quantify probabilities of random variables for subsequent use as inputs to a decision making model. The solution to a Bayesian inference problem …

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'Regional' Political Ecology And Underdevelopment In Appalachia: Case Studies From Two West Virginia Counties., James Todd Nesbitt Jan 1997

'Regional' Political Ecology And Underdevelopment In Appalachia: Case Studies From Two West Virginia Counties., James Todd Nesbitt

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This dissertation analyzes the environmental history of Pendleton and Randolph Counties, West Virginia, as it relates to underdevelopment within the broader Appalachian region. Theories of political ecology and reconstructed regional geography are used to gain a better understanding of the intersection between cultural practice and human use of the natural environment. Specifically, three case study locales are utilized in this study to demonstrate local variability in natural resource issues within the Appalachian region. Political ecology and reconstructed regional geography are integrated to create a conceptually and contextually refined 'regional' political ecology which accounts for issues of geographic scale and alternative …

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Monte Carlo Studies Of Instabilities In Solids Under External Strains And Stresses., Anatoli M. Peredera Jan 1997

Monte Carlo Studies Of Instabilities In Solids Under External Strains And Stresses., Anatoli M. Peredera

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

We use dynamical Monte Carlo simulations to investigate instabilities of solids in the presence of externally applied stresses or strains. One of the instabilities is the classical Euler buckling instability of compressed rods. We address, for the first time, the dynamical aspects of this instability, that is, we study how an initially straight flexible chain reaches the final buckled configuration at long times. We find that this process has much in common with coarsening phenomena such as the spinodal decomposition or unstable mound growth in molecular beam epitaxy. Evolving chain's profile is like a wave with a wavelength which grows, …

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Gob Gas: A Synthesis Of The Literature And An Empirical Model., Lloyd M. English Jan 1997

Gob Gas: A Synthesis Of The Literature And An Empirical Model., Lloyd M. English

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The major source of methane influx into deep coal mining operations today is the subsided and broken material behind the active longwall face, the gob, not the coal seam being mined itself. This region is complex and currently beyond the capabilities of traditional reservoir models, as clearly demonstrated by other researchers. An empirically-based approach could provide a useable tool for active mining operations. A complete history and technical background of coalbed methane emissions, methane control technology development, and the differences between international and domestic approaches to the problem is presented to provide the basis for understanding the problem and the …

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Development And Evaluation Of Automatic License Plate Reading Equipment For Transportation Planning., Lloyd James French Jan 1997

Development And Evaluation Of Automatic License Plate Reading Equipment For Transportation Planning., Lloyd James French

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Recent technological advances in computer hardware, software, and image processing have led to the development of automated license plate reading equipment. This equipment has primarily been developed for enforcement and security applications, such as monitoring parking garages or border crossings. Because license plate data are used in several transportation planning studies, automated license plate reading equipment has the potential to increase the quality and efficiency of many of the typical activities of transportation planning agencies. The existing applications of automated license plate reading equipment are significantly different than transportation planning applications. First, in existing applications, traffic is highly channelized. Transportation …

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Computer Programming: Science, Art, Or Both?, Sandra Trent Gum Jan 1997

Computer Programming: Science, Art, Or Both?, Sandra Trent Gum

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The purpose of this study was to determine if spatial intelligence contributes to a student's success in a computer science major or if mathematical-logical intelligence is sufficient data on which to base a prediction of success. The study was performed at a small university. The sample consisted of 15 computer science (CS) majors, enrolled in a computer science class, and 15 non-CS-majors, enrolled in a statistics class. Seven of the CS-majors were considered advanced and seven were considered less advanced. The independent measures were: the mathematics and the English scores from the ACT/SAT (CS-majors); a questionnaire to obtain personal information; …

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The Relationship Between Public Sector Higher Education Level-Four Grievant Variables And Third-Party Discipline And Discharge Arbitration Case Determinations At The West Virginia Education And State Employees Grievance Board, Years 1985-1995., Ellen Jane Barnes Jan 1997

The Relationship Between Public Sector Higher Education Level-Four Grievant Variables And Third-Party Discipline And Discharge Arbitration Case Determinations At The West Virginia Education And State Employees Grievance Board, Years 1985-1995., Ellen Jane Barnes

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This study examined the relationship between grievant variables (case description, case issue, gender, seriousness of the case) and case determination (denied/granted). A disk copy of QA4 database years 1985 to 1995 was provided by the West Virginia Education and State Employees Grievance Board. The approximate 222 higher education synopses reports were read to locate the population. Fifty-five higher education discipline and discharge synopsis reports were isolated. Key words used by the Board assisted in isolating the population. The 55 higher education synopsis reports were printed out to compare to information on case decisions housed in the West Virginia Secretary of …

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Study Of Weathering Actions On Partings And Its Effects On Long-Term Stability Of Coal Pillar., Kousick Biswas Jan 1997

Study Of Weathering Actions On Partings And Its Effects On Long-Term Stability Of Coal Pillar., Kousick Biswas

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Coal seams, in many cases, contain a foreign rock layer (commonly known as partings) and are thus in homogeneous in structural sense as opposed to the common notion of being a homogeneous body. It has also been observed in the field that for the pillars in these coal seams, which have been standing long after mining, the stability depends very much on the weathering action of the parting in the presence of mine moisture. It was observed in the mine that most of the pillar deterioration, in abandoned mining areas, initiated as the parting got weathered and changed into a …

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The Effects Of Lifting Height And Asymmetry On Maximum Acceptable Weight Of Lift, Average Heart Rate, And Estimated Biomechanical Loading To The Lumbar Spine., Thomas Gordon Bobick Jan 1997

The Effects Of Lifting Height And Asymmetry On Maximum Acceptable Weight Of Lift, Average Heart Rate, And Estimated Biomechanical Loading To The Lumbar Spine., Thomas Gordon Bobick

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Epidemiological studies have indicated that work involving lifting heavy objects or lifting and twisting with moderate weights can impose increased compressive, shear, and torsional stresses on a worker's lumbar spine. Current statistics indicate that musculoskeletal sprains and strains account for more than 40% of the 2.0 million lost-time work-related injuries that occurred in 1995. Considering both direct and indirect costs, lost-time musculoskeletal injuries can cost U.S. industries {dollar}70 billion to \\{dollar}80 billion annually. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of lifting symmetrically and asymmetrically from knee height to chest or eye height on the (a) psychophysically …

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Experimental And Numerical Aerodynamic Characterization Of A Two-Dimensional Nasp Model In Ground Effect With Thrust Simulation., Robert E. Bond Jan 1997

Experimental And Numerical Aerodynamic Characterization Of A Two-Dimensional Nasp Model In Ground Effect With Thrust Simulation., Robert E. Bond

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The National Aero-Space Plane (NASP) was conceptually designed for flight at hypersonic speeds. Because its airframe configuration was determined by the need for good high-speed flight performance, its low-speed and ground effect characteristics were poor. The purpose of this investigation was to characterize the ground effect aerodynamic performance of a two-dimensional model of the NASP with thrust simulation. This study included a comparison between experimental and numerical results. The experiments were conducted in the WVU subsonic wind tunnel, while numerical results were obtained using FLUENT, a commercial finite volume CFD code. The aerodynamic characteristics of the two-dimensional NASP model were …

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Risk Based Analysis Of Levees., Anthony Lewis Brizendine Jan 1997

Risk Based Analysis Of Levees., Anthony Lewis Brizendine

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

A multi-phased research program consisted of performance of both laboratory and field test programs, development of hydraulic conductivity probability density functions, and development of a first generation risk model to assess relative risk among groups of levees to determine rank for systemic allocation of scarce rehabilitation resources. The laboratory test program consisted of determining basic soil properties at four USACE WES REMR demonstration sites: Talulla, MS, Sny Island, IL, Skagit, WA, and Elkhorn, CA. Additionally, flexible wall hydraulic conductivity tests were performed with subsequent development of hydraulic conductivity probability density functions (PDF's). The field testing program consisted of conducting in …

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Applications Of Shallow Reflection Seismology., George Guoqi He Jan 1997

Applications Of Shallow Reflection Seismology., George Guoqi He

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Shallow seismic investigations were conducted at two sites in the Central Appalachian foreland area of West Virginia. Various seismic sources (EWG, primacord, shotgun, and sledge hammer) were used and compared. At one site, data were collected to investigate the effect of longwall mining on the overburden seismic properties. Expanded spread and common offset (CO) data were collected over active panels at different stages of mining. At a second site, EWG is evaluated using common midpoint (CMP) and CO sorting. The emplacement of longwall panels produced various seismically observable effects. Velocity reduction (VR) and signal absorption (SA) zones appear over both …

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Burnout And Depression Among Roman Catholic Secular, Religious, And Monastic Clergy., Stephen Gerard Virginia Jan 1997

Burnout And Depression Among Roman Catholic Secular, Religious, And Monastic Clergy., Stephen Gerard Virginia

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Burnout and depression among Roman Catholic secular, religious order, and monastic (Cistercian) priests was investigated using the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression (CES-D) scale. Additionally, a Self-Report-Inventory was included (SRI) requesting information on demographics as well as four categories of predictor variables (vocational satisfaction, social support, spiritual activities, and physical environment) associated with burnout and depression. All participants were randomly selected from the National Catholic Director. The survey yielded a return rate of 90.67% with 63.11% completing the survey. Secular clergy reported significantly greater emotional exhaustion than did monastic clergy. Secular priests also had significantly …

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Application Of Automotive Engine Control Technology To General Aviation Aircraft Powerplants., Christopher John Tennant Jan 1997

Application Of Automotive Engine Control Technology To General Aviation Aircraft Powerplants., Christopher John Tennant

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The general aviation industry has lagged behind the automotive industry in powerplant development due to depressed economic conditions in their marketplace. Recent efforts to revitalize the industry have encountered the hindrance of thirty-year-old engine technology. Current automotive engine control technology has been reviewed for its potential for transfer to existing general aviation powerplants. Current automotive engine control technology was classified into basic, correction, and feedback elements for the control of fuel flow and ignition timing. The value of each element was assessed for application to a general aviation powerplant in terms of an aviation duty cycle. An extensive database produced …

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Estimation Of The Longitudinal And Lateral-Directional Aerodynamic Parameters From Flight Data For The Nasa F/A-18 Harv., Alfonso Christopher Paris Jan 1997

Estimation Of The Longitudinal And Lateral-Directional Aerodynamic Parameters From Flight Data For The Nasa F/A-18 Harv., Alfonso Christopher Paris

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This research is focused on parameter identification for the NASA F/A-18 HARV. The HARV is currently used in the high alpha research program at the NASA Dryden Flight Research Center. In this study the longitudinal and lateral-directional stability derivatives are estimated from flight data using the Maximum Likelihood method coupled with a Newton-Raphson minimization technique. The estimated aerodynamic model describes the aircraft dynamics over a range of angle of attack from 10{dollar}\\sp\\circ{dollar} to 60{dollar}\\sp\\circ{dollar}. The mathematical model is built using the traditional static and dynamic derivative buildup. Flight data examined in this analysis are from a variety of maneuvers including …

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Analytical Characterization Of Semi-Volatile Organic Material In Coal And Coal-Related Products., Scott William Chervenick Jan 1996

Analytical Characterization Of Semi-Volatile Organic Material In Coal And Coal-Related Products., Scott William Chervenick

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The characterization of the semi-volatile organic content of coal and several N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP) soluble coal extracts has been investigated using several analytical techniques, including gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS), Thermal Extraction (TE) GC/MS, Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC), High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), Thermabeam LC/MS, Diffuse Reflectance FTIR (DRIFT), and Thermogravimetric (TGA) FTIR. Ultrasonic extraction was shown to be quicker than the traditional Soxhlet extraction technique as the first step in a solvent dissolution scheme for coal. The fractions resulting from the two techniques are similar based on characterization results obtained from HPLC, GPC, and TE-GC/MS experiments. TE-GC/MS was used to …

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