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Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

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Prevalence Of Campylobacter In A Turkey Production Facility, Aaron Shawn Kiess Dec 2001

Prevalence Of Campylobacter In A Turkey Production Facility, Aaron Shawn Kiess

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Frequency of detection was monitored in three flocks of turkeys from May, 2000 to March 2001. The effect of time was considered for hens in flocks 1 and 2, and the effect of time, gender, and litter (fresh or used) was determined for flock 3. Poults, poult-box liners, waterers, and fecal droppings were monitered throughout production for the presence of Campylobacter using Campy-Cefex agar incubated at 42°C under microaerophilic conditions (85% N2, 10% CO2, and 5% O2). Peak colonization occurred near 3 weeks of production. Frequency of Campylobacter isolation from bird sources paralleled isolation from waterers. Frequency of detection from …


Characterization And Quality Of Soils Developing On A Mountaintop Removal Coal Mine, Kevin Alfred Thomas Dec 2001

Characterization And Quality Of Soils Developing On A Mountaintop Removal Coal Mine, Kevin Alfred Thomas

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Mountaintop surface mining for coal has been practiced in West Virginia for over three decades, but its environmental impacts have become increasingly scrutinized in recent years. Therefore, this study evaluated soil development on different aged mined lands. Four different ages (2, 7, 11, and 23 years) of minesoils and two different slope classes, nearly level to gently sloping and steep to very steep, along with three contiguous native soils on a reclaimed mountaintop removal mine in Logan County, West Virginia were described and sampled. Standard analyses of physical and chemical properties were conducted in order to classify these soils. Some …


Robust Decentralized Control Of Power Systems Through Excitation Systems And Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitors, Lingling Fan Dec 2001

Robust Decentralized Control Of Power Systems Through Excitation Systems And Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitors, Lingling Fan

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The objective of this work is robust decentralized control of power systems through excitation systems and Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitors (TCSC). Hence the dissertation consists of two parts. In the first part an algorithm for the design of nonlinear decentralized excitation control is developed based on a feedback linearization technique. Feedback linearization technique is applied in excitation control of each generator to obtain an interconnected system where subsystems have linear system matrices and interconnections are represented by nonlinear terms. Different ways of achieving decentralization are investigated: (1) linear robust control combined with observer decoupled state space; (2) disturbance accommodation control. …


Electrochemical Fabrication Of Semiconductor Nanostructure Arrays For Photonic Applications, Stephen Patrick Mcginnis Dec 2001

Electrochemical Fabrication Of Semiconductor Nanostructure Arrays For Photonic Applications, Stephen Patrick Mcginnis

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Theoretical and experimental investigations of the properties of semiconductor nanostructures have been an active area of research due to the enhanced performance that is observed when electrons and holes are spatially confined in one, two or three dimensions. However, the development of viable photonic devices using this phenomenon requires the development of appropriate fabrication techniques that can provide control over nanostructure size, material composition, and periodicity for structures with dimensions less than 20 nm. To address these challenges, a nanostructure synthesis technique has been developed that is based on the self-organization of nanometer scale pores during the anodization of aluminum …


Characterization Of Infield Vehicle Activity Data And Exhaust Emissions From Diesel Powered Off-Road Vehicles, Ryan Andrew Barnett Aug 2001

Characterization Of Infield Vehicle Activity Data And Exhaust Emissions From Diesel Powered Off-Road Vehicles, Ryan Andrew Barnett

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

A study was conducted to determine brake-specific emissions from diesel-powered off-highway heavy equipment that were exercised on steady-state and transient cycles. Two vehicles were evaluated in this study, a streetsweeper (114 hp) and a rubber-tired loader (110 hp). Due to the lack of appropriate transient cycles available for these vehicles, methods were developed to document infield operation for the creation of test cycles and strategies. These cycles were later used to mimic infield operation for the collection of emissions and performance data on a dynamometer test bed.;Brake-specific emissions data collected during the transient cycles was compared to data collected during …


Green-Ampt Infiltration Model Parameter Determination Using Scs Curve Number (Cn) And Soil Texture Class, And Application To The Scs Runoff Model, Elena Viktorovna Brevnova Aug 2001

Green-Ampt Infiltration Model Parameter Determination Using Scs Curve Number (Cn) And Soil Texture Class, And Application To The Scs Runoff Model, Elena Viktorovna Brevnova

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Soil Conservation Service Curve Number (SCS CN) method is a simple and widely popular technique of estimation of direct runoff volume for design and natural rainfall events in small watersheds. The SCS CN procedure is incorporated into such computer programs as TR-20 and TR-55. Although the method reliably predicts 24-hr runoff volume, the predicted distribution of runoff during a storm event is not realistic. This shortcoming of the SCS CN method is due to weakness in the infiltration concept of the method. Use of a physically realistic and distributed Green-Ampt infiltration model can significantly …


Hybrid Arq With Parallel And Serial Concatenated Convolutional Codes For Next Generation Wireless Communications, Naveen Chandran Aug 2001

Hybrid Arq With Parallel And Serial Concatenated Convolutional Codes For Next Generation Wireless Communications, Naveen Chandran

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This research focuses on evaluating the currently used FEC encoding-decoding schemes and improving the performance of error control systems by incorporating these schemes in a hybrid FEC-ARQ environment. Beginning with an overview of wireless communications and the various ARQ protocols, the thesis provides an in-depth explanation of convolutional encoding and Viterbi decoding, turbo (PCCC) and serial concatenated convolutional (SCCC) encoding with their respective MAP decoding strategies.;A type-II hybrid ARQ scheme with SCCCs is proposed for the first time and is a major contribution of this thesis. A vast improvement is seen in the BER performance of the successive individual FEC …


Development Of A Micro-Dilution Tunnel System For In-Use, On-Board Heavy-Duty Vehicle Particulate Matter Emissions Measurement, Emily Deanna Cirillo Aug 2001

Development Of A Micro-Dilution Tunnel System For In-Use, On-Board Heavy-Duty Vehicle Particulate Matter Emissions Measurement, Emily Deanna Cirillo

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

A novel portable particulate matter measuring system was designed, developed and qualified. The heavy-duty engine Federal Test Procedure (FTP) requires the use of a full-flow tunnel to measure particulate emissions from diesel fueled engines. However, a full-flow tunnel based constant volume sampler (CVS) system is not only expensive to build and maintain, it also requires a large work space. The portable micro-dilution system that could be used for measuring on-board, in-use emissions from heavy-duty vehicles would cost significantly less. The micro-dilution tunnel operates on the same principle as a full-flow dilution tunnel. The added advantage of the proposed design is …


Numerical Modeling Of Chemical Recovery From Black Liquor Char, Dharmarajan Hariharan Aug 2001

Numerical Modeling Of Chemical Recovery From Black Liquor Char, Dharmarajan Hariharan

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

A complete CFD model for the char burning stage of chemical recovery from black liquor is presented. Chemical recovery from black liquor is characterized by the occurrence of multiple, simultaneous reactions occurring in dynamic flow conditions. Rate equations for the different chemical reactions are incorporated into a multiphase CFD code MFIX. Rate equations for sulfate reduction by carbon, gasification of carbon by CO2 and H2O, and, COS and H2S formation, are incorporated into MFIX, to simulate the chemical kinetics occurring in the char burning stage. Oxidation of carbon and Na 2S by O2 are also included.;Pyrolysis of black liquor char …


Effect Of Pretreatment On The Performance Of Metal Contaminated Commercial Fcc Catalyst, Oguz Bayraktar Aug 2001

Effect Of Pretreatment On The Performance Of Metal Contaminated Commercial Fcc Catalyst, Oguz Bayraktar

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The performance of fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalyst decreases due to the severe negative effects of metal contaminants (e.g., nickel, vanadium and iron) deposited on the catalyst from the hydrocarbon feed. The metal contaminants cause an increase in the production of gas and coke at the expense of gasoline.;In this work the effect of pretreatment with hydrogen and methane gases on the performance of commercial, metal-contaminated, FCC equilibrium catalysts was investigated. Cracking reactions of both sour imported heavy gas oil (SIHGO) and n-hexadecane were carried out in a microactivity test (MAT) unit using three commercial equilibrium catalysts with different metals …


Conceptual Analysis Of A Four -Stroke Linear Engine, Sorin Petreanu Aug 2001

Conceptual Analysis Of A Four -Stroke Linear Engine, Sorin Petreanu

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

During the past five years at West Virginia University, research into new auxiliary power generation devices has led to the development of a novel crankless reciprocating internal combustion engine. This dissertation presents a conceptual design of a Four-Stroke Linear Engine based on the numerical simulation of the operation of this type of linear engine. The engine consists of four opposed pistons linked by a connecting rod to a linear alternator. A series of numerical simulations was developed and employed to investigate the operation and performance of this crankless, four stroke linear engine. Since this linear engine is crankless, the numerical …


Simulation Based Modeling Of The Elastic Properties Of Structural Wood Based Composite Lumber, Laszlo Bejo Aug 2001

Simulation Based Modeling Of The Elastic Properties Of Structural Wood Based Composite Lumber, Laszlo Bejo

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The importance of wood-based composite lumber is increasing in the US market for construction materials. Manufacturers of such composites strive to make their products more competitive by increasing their value. This dissertation describes the development of simulation models that can aid these efforts by estimating the elastic characteristics of composite lumber products. The study included the assessment of the orthotropic mechanical properties of the raw material, the effect of densification it experiences during the hot-pressing procedure, and the geometric structure of the composites. Using the results of these investigations, computer models were created based on principles of deterministic and stochastic …


Efficient Finite Element Modeling Of Wt Sections Subjected To Uniaxial Tension, Ramanand V. Nukala Aug 2001

Efficient Finite Element Modeling Of Wt Sections Subjected To Uniaxial Tension, Ramanand V. Nukala

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Present design specifications for statically loaded tension members do not consider the effects of connection eccentricity as it induces bending in statically loaded members. Previous experimental tests conducted at West Virginia University [WVU] have shown that connection eccentricity induced bending effects have the potential to significantly reduce the net section rupture capacity of a section.;The present study is focused on developing finite element tools capable of capturing the peak loads and behavioral response exhibited is the previous WVU experimental tests. The main objective of the finite element analysis is not only to estimate the failure loads of the WT section …


Exploratory Study On High-Performance Concrete For Bridge Decks In West Virginia, Wenbo Zhang Aug 2001

Exploratory Study On High-Performance Concrete For Bridge Decks In West Virginia, Wenbo Zhang

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This study is intended to provide guidelines for a future global effort on the development of HPC mixes in West Virginia using several types of available aggregates. The objective of the present study is to explore the performance of two types of mixtures using fly ash and slag, respectively, and the same limestone coarse aggregate, natural sand, and constant water/cementitious ratio. For each type, three mixtures were evaluated, with one of the three being defined according to the WVDOT-DOH specifications as a reference (20% fly ash and 30% slag by weight of total cementitious material), from which we varied the …


Nondestructive Testing Of Reinforced And Prestressed Concrete Structures Using Acoustic Waveguides, Komwut Wissawapaisal Aug 2001

Nondestructive Testing Of Reinforced And Prestressed Concrete Structures Using Acoustic Waveguides, Komwut Wissawapaisal

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The main objective of this research is to develop both passive and active nondestructive testing techniques for reinforced and prestressed concrete structures using acoustic waveguides. The first technique introduces a two-dimensional surface waveguide to enlarge the acoustic emission (AE) monitoring area of a reinforced concrete structure. A two-dimensional steel wire system is developed as an acoustic waveguide to study the AE behavior of a reinforced concrete floor slab. AE sensors are mounted to the end of the waveguides to detect AE signals, which are generated by pencil-lead breaks at various locations on concrete surface. Results show that the use of …


Numerical Model For Determining The Wetting Front In A Clay Layer Of A Leaking Composite Barrier, Mustafa Eftelioglu Aug 2001

Numerical Model For Determining The Wetting Front In A Clay Layer Of A Leaking Composite Barrier, Mustafa Eftelioglu

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Composite barriers for hazardous and solid waste landfills are designed to minimize hydraulic transport of the contaminant leachate of the landfill; however, the geomembrane can be damaged during construction or otherwise contain imperfections from manufacturing. It is desirable to estimate the discharge characteristics and the flow width of such a leachate should leaks in the geomembrane occur.;Numerical solutions of the flow equations for unsaturated soil barriers can provide an understanding of the movement of a leachate through a composite barrier. The purpose of this investigation was to develop a computer model that simulated two-dimensional migration of leachate beneath holes in …


Damage Mechanics Of Human Cortical Bone, Gagik Parsam Parsamian Aug 2001

Damage Mechanics Of Human Cortical Bone, Gagik Parsam Parsamian

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Skeletal fragility is an important orthopedic concern including the prevention of osteoporosis, long-term stability of prosthetic implants and stress fractures. Damage in human cortical bone has been implicated as a cause of increased fragility and is thought to initiate bone remodeling. Therefore, characterization of the mechanisms of damage initiation and accumulation in bone is challenging not only from the engineering prospective but also has a potential of revealing new insights in its physiology. The main objectives of this dissertation work were to study the early stages of damage development in human cortical bone and develop a constitutive formulation describing damage …


Static And Dynamic Inventory Models Under Inflation, Time Value Of Money And Permissible Delay In Payment, Babak Khorrami Aug 2001

Static And Dynamic Inventory Models Under Inflation, Time Value Of Money And Permissible Delay In Payment, Babak Khorrami

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

In this research a number of mathematical models were developed for static and dynamic deterministic single-item inventory systems. Economic factors such as inflation, time value of money and permissible delay in payment were considered in developing the models. Nonlinear optimization techniques were used to obtain the optimal policies for the systems.;First, a static single-item inventory model was considered in which shortages are allowed and a delay is permitted in payment. In this case, suppliers allow the customers to settle their accounts after a fixed delay period during which no interest is charged.;An extension of the model was then considered in …


Particle-Wall Shear Stress Measurements Within The Standpipe Of A Circulating Fluidized Bed, Angela Marie Sarra Aug 2001

Particle-Wall Shear Stress Measurements Within The Standpipe Of A Circulating Fluidized Bed, Angela Marie Sarra

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Although standpipes are essential to the operation of circulating fluidized bed systems (CFB), their hydrodynamics are poorly understood, and are often unpredictable in displaying effects such as hysteresis which could be due to forces such as particle-wall shear stress.;In this research the one-dimensional gas-solids mixture momentum balance is applied to the standpipe. Neglecting acceleration effects, the important forces are the gas and solids phase pressure drop, weight of the bed, and the particle-wall shear stress. Gas pressure drop is measured using differential pressure transducers. The weight of the bed is assumed constant. The wall shear stress is measured utilizing instruments …


Real World Heavy-Duty Vehicle Emissions Modeling, Paul Andrei Aug 2001

Real World Heavy-Duty Vehicle Emissions Modeling, Paul Andrei

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Heavy-duty vehicle emissions represent a significant portion of the mobile source emissions inventory. Accurate estimation of their contribution is essential as on-highway and non-road heavy-duty diesel emissions account for at least one third of the oxides of nitrogen (NOx) in the inventory. West Virginia University (WVU) has developed an extensive database of continuous transient gaseous emissions levels from a wide variety of heavy-duty vehicles in field operation. The database was built using WVU Transportable Heavy-Duty Vehicle Emissions Testing Laboratories (THDVETL). Several different transient cycles were utilized for testing including the Central Business District (CBD) schedule.;Several speed correction factors were developed …


Numerical Modeling Of Cold Flow And Hot Gas Desulfurization In A Circulating Fluidized Bed, Neeraj N. Pugalia Aug 2001

Numerical Modeling Of Cold Flow And Hot Gas Desulfurization In A Circulating Fluidized Bed, Neeraj N. Pugalia

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Section I. This work was carried out to understand the behavior of the solid and gas phases in a CFB riser. Only the riser is modeled as a straight pipe. A model with linear algebraic approximation to solids viscosity of the form, mus = 5.34epsilons, (epsilon s is the solids volume fraction) with an appropriate boundary condition at the wall obtained by approximate momentum balance solution at the wall to account for the solids recirculation is tested against experimental results. The work done was to predict the flow patterns in the CFB risers from available experimental data, including data from …


Analytical And Experimental Study Of Frp Honeycomb Sandwich Panels With Sinusoidal Core, Justin Mark Robinson Aug 2001

Analytical And Experimental Study Of Frp Honeycomb Sandwich Panels With Sinusoidal Core, Justin Mark Robinson

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) composite materials and structures have been increasingly used in highway bridge applications. Recent applications have demonstrated that FRP honeycomb sandwich panels with sinusoidal core can be effectively and economically used for highway bridge deck systems. In this study, analytical and experimental characterizations are presented for a FRP honeycomb panel with sinusoidal core geometry in the plane and extending vertically between face laminates. To verify the accuracy of the a closed-form solution, several honeycomb sandwich beams with sinusoidal core waves either in the longitudinal or transverse directions are tested in bending and torsion. Also, a deck panel …


Mobile Agent-Based Attack-Resistant Architecture For Distributed Intrusion Detection System, Sentil Kumar Selliah Aug 2001

Mobile Agent-Based Attack-Resistant Architecture For Distributed Intrusion Detection System, Sentil Kumar Selliah

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The majority of the Distributed Intrusion Detection systems lack measures for providing security and integrity to their own components. The hierarchical organization and the static nature of the intrusion detection components in a largely distributed environment make them the likely targets of attacks. By disabling few operationally critical components along the hierarchy, an attacker can succeed in disabling the system's capability to correctly detect intrusions. One solution to this problem is to eliminate the system components' static nature by wrapping them as mobile agents. Through mobility we achieve an attack resistant architecture for the hierarchical distributed intrusion detection components. As …


Analysis Of Particulate Matter Concentration And Size Distribution In Heavy-Duty Vehicle Exhaust Emissions, Zhuyun Xu Aug 2001

Analysis Of Particulate Matter Concentration And Size Distribution In Heavy-Duty Vehicle Exhaust Emissions, Zhuyun Xu

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This study put forward a method to predict the concentration field in the plume of a heavy-duty truck, operating at highway speed. It provided information regarding computation of dispersion coefficients in the area near a stack.;The numerical cumulative frequency fit method obtained in this study provided an effective and quick means for determining the particle size distribution parameters (the mass median aerodynamic diameters and geometric standard deviations) of sample data for the multi-modal distribution.;The particle size distribution of the compressed natural gas buses tested was characterized by a bi-modal particle size distribution; the clean diesel buses had a uni-modal particle …


Modeling And Control Of A Wind Turbine As A Distributed Resource In An Electric Power System, Bongani Malinga Aug 2001

Modeling And Control Of A Wind Turbine As A Distributed Resource In An Electric Power System, Bongani Malinga

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Deregulation of electric utilities has led to consideration of new distributed resources (DRs) such as wind turbines. The DR dynamics have to be studied carefully to avoid unpredictable outputs and unknown interferences as well as to make sure that consistent and efficient power is supplied according to the load requirements.;The objective of this thesis is to make a contribution to the ongoing wind turbine research in the areas of modeling, control and implementation of wind turbines as DRs in deregulated electric power systems. A model of complete open-loop wind turbine system consisting of a rotor, a gearbox and a three-phase …


Design And Analysis Of A Hybrid Steel/Composite Pipe For High-Pressure Applications, William Jennings Briers Iii Aug 2001

Design And Analysis Of A Hybrid Steel/Composite Pipe For High-Pressure Applications, William Jennings Briers Iii

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Once limited almost exclusively to aerospace applications, the use of composite materials has become widespread among many high performance industries. Today's petroleum industry is requiring piping systems to sustain high pressures, impact, rugged handling, and harsh environmental conditions such as corrosion and temperature. Advances in the last decade of engineered materials have opened the way for more conversions from metal to composites.;The objective of this research is to develop a lightweight composite pipe that meets the performance requirements of an existing high-pressure steel pipe. This development is crucial to the petroleum industry where hydraulic-fracturing services are demanding lighter weight materials …


Factors Contributing To College Freshmen Placed On Academic Probation, Lee Ann Vecellio Aug 2001

Factors Contributing To College Freshmen Placed On Academic Probation, Lee Ann Vecellio

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The responses of college freshmen placed on academic probation to a survey examining the factors leading to their poor academic performance were studied to ascertain the perceived problem areas. One hundred and seventy-two college freshmen selected factors concerning motivation, time management, social, and financial components, which they believed contributed to their poor academic performance during their freshman year. For males, inadequate balance between time and other activities was perceived as the number one factor contributing to their demise. On the other hand, females selected lack of academic motivation as their number one factor. Interestingly, these factors were reversed when identifying …


Using Virtual Reality For Requirements Validation, Dejan Desovski May 2001

Using Virtual Reality For Requirements Validation, Dejan Desovski

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Failures of high consequence systems are intolerable. Studies have shown that a significant percentage of safety problems can be traced back to errors in the specification. An important problem that arises during validation is how to include a domain expert in this process. Although the domain experts have exclusive knowledge about the system operation, they may not understand formalisms used for system specification.;Essential type of "evidence" of the correctness of the formalization process must be provided by human-based calculation. Human calculation can be significantly amplified by shifting from symbolic representation to graphical representations. This, in turn, provides an environment for …


Pattern Recognition In Software Engineering Trend Adapting, Dapeng Chen May 2001

Pattern Recognition In Software Engineering Trend Adapting, Dapeng Chen

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Whether and when to adapt to certain software engineering trends are difficult questions to be answered by many decision-makers. The main reasons are due to the fact that evolution of software engineering trends itself is determined by various factors, many of which come from the fields outside of the software technology, thus hard to predict. So it is even harder to estimate the cost and benefit when adapting to certain trends. This paper is intended to study ways to decrease the risk involved in such decision making processes, by developing a pattern from past software engineering trends. While the pattern …


Message Sequence Chart Specifications With Cross Verification, Timothy Shawn Boles May 2001

Message Sequence Chart Specifications With Cross Verification, Timothy Shawn Boles

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Current software specification verification methods are usually performed within the context of the specification method. There is little cross verification, pitting one type of specification against another, taking place. The most common techniques involve syntax checks across specifications or doing specification transformations and running verification within the new context. Since viewpoints of a system are different even within programming teams we concentrate on producing an efficient way to run cross verification on specifications, particularly specifications written with Message Sequence Charts and State Transition Diagrams.;In this work an algorithm is proposed in which all conditional MSCs are transformed into an algebraic …