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Influence Of A Thermal Denuder On Diesel Exhaust Particle Size Distributions, Bobby John
Influence Of A Thermal Denuder On Diesel Exhaust Particle Size Distributions, Bobby John
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Particle size distributions in diesel exhaust were studied using a thermal desorption technique to determine the volatile and non-volatile fractions. A thermal denuder was designed and characterized for optimal operating parameters and its influence on the exhaust chemistries studied using diesel engine exhaust. The study was conducted on a 1992 DDC Series 60 engine mounted on a heavy-duty direct current dynamometer and exercised over steady state and transient cycles. The particle size distributions were recorded upstream and downstream of the denuder maintained at different temperatures to determine the behavior of the volatile fraction. The volatilization technique was also applied to …
Performance Evaluation Of Dryer Units Used In Diesel Emission Measurement Systems, Muhammad Nadeem Laeeq
Performance Evaluation Of Dryer Units Used In Diesel Emission Measurement Systems, Muhammad Nadeem Laeeq
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The gas dryer unit in an emission measurement system plays an important role in emission testing by removing the moisture out of the gas stream and thus reducing the dew point of the sample stream to a level which is required by the gaseous emission analyzers. Water vapor in the exhaust gas occupies considerable volume at high engine loads. In case of non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) and chemiluminescent analyzers, erroneous reporting of exhaust mass emissions could result in the presence of exhaust stream moisture due to interference effects. In addition to NDIR interference issues, an inaccurate determination of the volume displaced …
Recycling Baler Material Properties For Safer Baler Operation, Tracy A. Mick
Recycling Baler Material Properties For Safer Baler Operation, Tracy A. Mick
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Between 1986 and 2002, there were 43 fatalities in the United States to operators of recycling industry balers. Of these fatalities, 29 involved horizontal balers that were baling paper and cardboard (Taylor, 2002). Balers often become jammed while the baling process is occurring, and the only way to remove the jam is manually. This requires an employee to place a limb of their body into the jamming area and remove the material that is causing the jam. While lockout and tagout procedures reduce the risk of hazardous energy being released, they can still be easily bypassed, ignored, or forgotten. Recent …
Durability Of E-Glass Fiber Reinforced Vinyl Ester Polymer Composites With Nanoclay In An Alkaline Environment, Naveenkamal Ravindran
Durability Of E-Glass Fiber Reinforced Vinyl Ester Polymer Composites With Nanoclay In An Alkaline Environment, Naveenkamal Ravindran
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
This study was conducted to determine the effect of clay content in the GFRP (glass fiber reinforced polymer) composite samples as they are aged in an alkaline solution. Two kinds of GFRP composite samples were prepared. One was E-glass fiber reinforced vinyl ester polymer and the other was nano-GFRP prepared with the addition of 1 and 2 wt% of montmorillonite clay. These samples were aged in alkaline solution of pH 13.2 with and without sustained load. The load was 1335 N or 18.75% of the tensile strength of the composite samples. The aging was evaluated by measuring the reduction in …
Computer Aided Home Energy Management System, Asawari A. Moholkar
Computer Aided Home Energy Management System, Asawari A. Moholkar
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
High prices are associated with the peak electricity demand and thus, price can be used as an indicator of power system condition in the peak load management programs. This paper investigates the potential of peak load management based on price-responsive load control for the residential sector. The Computer Aided Home Energy Management (CAHEM) system controls residential demand in response to the hourly market data including price, load and temperature data. A fuzzy demand controller incorporates customer preferences in determining operational settings of residential appliances. A prototype CAHEM system is demonstrated using X10 home networking technology. The aggregate level effects of …
On The S-Hamiltonian Index Of A Graph, Yehong Shao
On The S-Hamiltonian Index Of A Graph, Yehong Shao
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
In modeling communication networks by graphs, the problem of designing s-fault-tolerant networks becomes the search for s-Hamiltonian graphs. This thesis is a study of the s-Hamiltonian index of a graph G.;A path P of G is called an arc in G if all the internal vertices of P are divalent vertices of G. We define l (G) = max{lcub}m : G has an arc of length m that is not both of length 2 and in a K3{rcub}. We show that if a connected graph G is not a path, a cycle or K1,3, then for a given s, we …
Artificial Neural Network In Classification Of Severity Levels In Crashes With Guardrail, Fouad N. Shoukry
Artificial Neural Network In Classification Of Severity Levels In Crashes With Guardrail, Fouad N. Shoukry
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
This research focuses on using artificial neural networks to classify the severity levels of crashes involving guardrails, and to subsequently identify the most significant variables explaining severity in such crashes. Most of the existing research in analyzing guardrail crashes employs statistical analysis to measure severity of crashes and, unfortunately, does not incorporate much information about the factors that affect the severity concerning guardrail crashes. In the mean time, artificial neural networks have been utilized in different areas of transportation to solve engineering problems because of their ability to model non-linearity, and flexibility with large complex data sets. Data for this …
Perception Of Safety And Usability Of Powered Hand Tools, Mun-Su Seol
Perception Of Safety And Usability Of Powered Hand Tools, Mun-Su Seol
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The objective of this research was to identify the relationship between powered hand tool design features and risk and usability perception. The general goal of this research was to provide information that will help in the design of tools that do not create inaccurate impressions of safety or usability.;Safety and usability perception evaluations were conducted to identify which factors influence on user's safety and usability perception. Orthogonal view images of three categories of powered hand tools were developed and deployed at the web for their evaluation. One hundred and one subjects participated in this research. The estimated injury data (2001 …
Learning To Deal With Cots (Commercial Off The Shelf), Sreeram Bayana
Learning To Deal With Cots (Commercial Off The Shelf), Sreeram Bayana
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
With the advent of model based development technologies, dependence of COTS in software development has increased considerably. Use of COTS is considered economical and practical when it comes to integration of various software components. However COTS are trapped with some pitfalls. COTS provided are not usually accompanied by models or extensive specifications. This approach makes usage & integration of COTS components with in house developed software components a very challenging task. Conformance of the implementation with the specification forms the basis for our approach. In this thesis, we analyze an approach where the model is extracted from the COTS software …
Finite-Element Modeling Of A Composite Bridge Deck, Suraj Suraj
Finite-Element Modeling Of A Composite Bridge Deck, Suraj Suraj
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) materials are being widely used for structural applications, an example being bridge decks. In this study a finite-element model using the software ANSYS is developed for an 8&inches;-thick low-profile FRP bridge deck (Prodeck 8) made of E-glass fiber and Polyester resin. The bridge deck is subjected to a patch load at the center and the finite-element results obtained in the form of deflections, strains, and equivalent flexural rigidity are compared with experimental results. A good correlation is found to exist between the finite-element results and the experimental results. A failure analysis, based on maximum stress, maximum …
Nitric Oxide Conversion In A Spark-Ignited Natural Gas Engine, Matthew M. Swartz
Nitric Oxide Conversion In A Spark-Ignited Natural Gas Engine, Matthew M. Swartz
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
A large percentage of stationary engine applications are natural gas fueled. The cleanest of these large bore engines currently produce on the order of one gram of NOx per brake-horsepower hour (g/bhp-hr) of work done. The goal of this work is to reduce these emissions to 0.1 g/bhp-hr levels. Selective NOx Recirculation (SNR) is a technology which will help achieve these 0.1 g/bhp-hr levels. SNR has been proven in gasoline and diesel engines, with up to 90% NOx conversion rates being achieved, but not much is known about its overall efficiencies when used with natural gas engines. This technique involves …
Steady State Thermal Stress Analyses Of Two-Dimensional And Three-Dimensional Solid Oxide Fuel Cells, Srividya Valluru
Steady State Thermal Stress Analyses Of Two-Dimensional And Three-Dimensional Solid Oxide Fuel Cells, Srividya Valluru
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Fuel cells are electrochemical devices which convert fuels directly into electrical energy without combustion. The Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) is the most promising energy saving technology to generate electric power. The present work characterizes the thermal stresses arising during the operation of planar solid oxide fuel cells which is a critical factor in the development of an efficient fuel cell. The thermal stresses are calculated from the temperature fields using ANSYS(TM). A sequentially coupled thermal stress analysis approach is implemented for the two-dimensional five stack fuel cell model and a structural analysis for the three-dimensional single stack fuel cell. …
Bioleaching And Electrobioleaching Of Sulfide Minerals, Brian D. Conner
Bioleaching And Electrobioleaching Of Sulfide Minerals, Brian D. Conner
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Chalcopyrite, sphalerite, and pyrite, were leached using a bioleaching mode and an electrobioleaching mode. The former mode was used to teach the minerals with the bacterium A. ferrooxidans in a bioreactor. In the latter mode, the leaching of the minerals was performed in a combination of a bioreactor and an electrochemical cell. The idea is that an increase in Fe(II) concentration, which is a nutrient of the bacteria, by electrochemical reduction of Fe(III) would increase the bacterial population and in turn would accelerate the leaching of the mineral.;It has been found that the electrobioleaching of chalcopyrite and pyrite is superior …
Development Of A Constrained Piston Method For Compression Testing Of Carbon Foams, Stephen P. Carpenter
Development Of A Constrained Piston Method For Compression Testing Of Carbon Foams, Stephen P. Carpenter
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The purpose of this study is to develop a standard compression test for gathering mechanical strength properties, namely yield stress, modulus, and energy absorption all during a single compression test. Several carbon foams were tested using both the novel constrained method (developed herein) and the conventional unconstrained technique to compare the results. Statistical analysis has been performed on compression tests from three different carbon foams. Several other foams have also been tested to demonstrate that this procedure can be performed on any type of carbon foam, regardless of its precursor material or manufacturing process. This study shows that the constrained …
Functional Mri Of Rat Kidney Using Bold & Asl Techniques, Rajesh K. Garugu
Functional Mri Of Rat Kidney Using Bold & Asl Techniques, Rajesh K. Garugu
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Noninvasive functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) methods may provide new ways to detect and track renal hemodynamic changes in-vivo. In this thesis, two fMRI methods were correlated with simultaneous invasive hemodynamic measurements. A particular goal of this thesis was to measure the relative contributions of oxygenation and perfusion changes to changes in the relaxation rate, T2*. Also, an MRI compatible motion detector was built and along with the invasive probes was interfaced to a data acquisition system for use during scanning. Drug-induced changes in renal oxygenation and blood flow were measured by BOLD- & ASL-MRI noninvasively, while a dual oxygenation/perfusion …
Development Of Constant-Time Correlated Spectroscopy On A 3t Clinical Mri/Mrs Scanner, Srilatha Ainala
Development Of Constant-Time Correlated Spectroscopy On A 3t Clinical Mri/Mrs Scanner, Srilatha Ainala
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) is widely used both as a fundamental research technique, as well as diagnostic tool in medical research providing unique information about the metabolites. In this thesis, we report our work on the development of novel localized constant-time correlated Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic technique for resolving the overlapping metabolites and also to improve the quantification strategies. The new sequence was implemented on a GE 3T MRI/MRS scanner. The underlying spin dynamics is discussed for a two-spin ½ system with a J coupling. We demonstrate the coherence transfer to cross peaks and diagonal peaks by changing the constant time. …
Three Essays On Pricing And Risk Management In Electricity Markets, Serhiy Kotsan
Three Essays On Pricing And Risk Management In Electricity Markets, Serhiy Kotsan
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
A set of three papers forms this dissertation. In the first paper I analyze an electricity market that does not clear. The system operator satisfies fixed demand at a fixed price, and attempts to minimize "cost" as indicated by independent generators' supply bids. No equilibrium exists in this situation, and the operator lacks information sufficient to minimize actual cost. As a remedy, we propose a simple efficient tax mechanism. With the tax, Nash equilibrium bids still diverge from marginal cost but nonetheless provide sufficient information to minimize actual cost, regardless of the tax rate or number of generators.;The second paper …
Username And Password Verification Through Keystroke Dynamics, Nick Bartlow
Username And Password Verification Through Keystroke Dynamics, Nick Bartlow
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Most computer systems rely on usernames and passwords as a mechanism for access control and authentication of authorized users. These credential sets offer marginal protection to a broad scope of applications with differing levels of sensitivity. Traditional physiological biometric systems such as fingerprint, face, and iris recognition are not readily deployable in remote authentication schemes. Keystroke dynamics provide the ability to combine the ease of use of username/password schemes with the increased trustworthiness associated with biometrics. Our research extends previous work on keystroke dynamics by incorporating shift-key patterns. The system is capable of operating at various points on a traditional …
Investigation Of Relative Humidity And Induced-Vortex Effects On Aircraft Icing, Egemen O. Ogretim
Investigation Of Relative Humidity And Induced-Vortex Effects On Aircraft Icing, Egemen O. Ogretim
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Aircraft icing is an area of research that has drawn attention since the early times of powered flight at high altitudes. Since World War II, aircraft icing research has gained a great deal of momentum, and several branches of research have developed as a result. These branches include the experimental, analytical and computational methods. With the advent of high-speed computers, the computational methods are becoming the leading icing research area due to their low cost requirements. However, a significant hindrance is the lack of a complete understanding of the icing phenomena, which leads to discrepancies between the predictions and the …
Dynamic Response Of Plates And Buried Structures, Chee Heong Tee
Dynamic Response Of Plates And Buried Structures, Chee Heong Tee
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Soil is a particulate material, which provides a unique behavior when interacting with its adjacent structure. Emphases of this study are placed on the simulation of the behavior of a target plate and a buried structure. An analytical modeling technique, explicit Finite Element Method (FEM) by ABAQUS was used to simulate the dynamic responses of the plate and buried structure: (1) a plate resting on elastic half space under impact loading; (2) buried structure under a shock impulse system.;In the first analysis, a free-drop impact system was considered to generate the dynamic loading on the plate free surface. Two FEM …
Multi-Agent Control And Operation Of Electric Power Distribution Systems, Amer Al-Hinai
Multi-Agent Control And Operation Of Electric Power Distribution Systems, Amer Al-Hinai
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
This dissertation presents operation and control strategies for electric power distribution systems containing distributed generators. First, models of microturbines and fuel cells are developed. These dynamic models are incorporated in a power system analysis package. Second, operation of these generators in a distribution system is addressed and load following schemes are designed. The penetration of distributed generators (DGs) into the power distribution system stability becomes an issue and so the control of those DGs becomes necessary. A decentralized control structure based on conventional controllers is designed for distributed generators using a new developed optimization technique called Guided Particle Swarm Optimization. …
Experimental Investigation Of Oscillatory Heat Release Mechanisms And Stability Margin Analysis In Lean -Premixed Combustion, Don H. Ferguson
Experimental Investigation Of Oscillatory Heat Release Mechanisms And Stability Margin Analysis In Lean -Premixed Combustion, Don H. Ferguson
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Lean-premixed combustion has become an acceptable means of achieving ultra-low NOx emissions from land-based gas turbines. Further reduction may be possible through the use of hydrogen augmented or syngas fuels. However, advanced combustor designs developed to utilize these technologies often encounter thermoacoustic instabilities that may significantly hamper engine performance and shorten component life-cycles. These dynamics, although not fully understood, occur through a complex interaction between variations in heat release rate and acoustic properties of the system, and can be exacerbated by variable fuel properties in natural gas and syngas applications.;Theoretical models of thermoacoustic instabilities have attempted to describe the coupling …
Development Of An Indentation Method For Material Surface Mechanical Properties Measurement, Ziheng Yao
Development Of An Indentation Method For Material Surface Mechanical Properties Measurement, Ziheng Yao
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
With the utilizing structural materials with small size dimensions (such as MEMS devices), there are growing need to characterize the mechanical properties of the small volumes of materials. Tensile test is not possible to be applied to these small volumes. Indentation technique has emerged as a cost-effective, convenient and non-destructive method to solve this problem. It is also a promising means of obtaining mechanical properties for thin films, which were widely used in various industries nowadays.;In this work, finite element simulations of spherical indentation on various material models were performed to develop a series of methodology, by which the material …
Electromagnetic Nondestructive Inspection Of Aircraft Structures By Using A Magnetic Flux Leakage Method, Iyad Mahmood Ali Muslih
Electromagnetic Nondestructive Inspection Of Aircraft Structures By Using A Magnetic Flux Leakage Method, Iyad Mahmood Ali Muslih
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Aging of aircraft structures is mostly associated with fatigue cracking, de-bonding and corrosion. Detection and characterization of the structural defects at the initiation stages makes it a great challenge for any inspection technology. This study proposes a new solution for the nondestructive evaluation problem by using a magnetic flux method for non-ferromagnetic materials and provides a new neural network tool that predicts crack profiles in three dimensions by solving the inverse problem, where available neural networks can solve it in two dimensions only.;The discontinuity resulting from a crack produces disturbance to the distribution of electrical current density in the structure …
Channel Development On Unreclaimed Surface Mines In The Beaver Creek Watershed, Tucker County, West Virginia, Wendy Dawn Igo
Channel Development On Unreclaimed Surface Mines In The Beaver Creek Watershed, Tucker County, West Virginia, Wendy Dawn Igo
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Surface mining has impacted channels in the Beaver Creek watershed of Tucker County, West Virginia. Three streams located in areas with similar geology, topography, climate, and mining disturbances were assessed to define similarities in channel development. Soil properties, vegetation coverage, bank stability, and geomorphology were quantified to determine dominant controls on stream form and process.;Streams were unstable and readjusting as evident by inconsistent width-depth ratios, bank instabilities, variable channel gradients, knickpoints, channel incisions, and erosive channels. Dominant controls on channel form were gradient alteration, bank failures, and vegetation coverage. Six classifications of channel types were established.;Without human intervention, instabilities in …
Durability Studies Of High Performance Concrete Used For Bridge Decks, Dayong Fan
Durability Studies Of High Performance Concrete Used For Bridge Decks, Dayong Fan
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The present study, as a part of the WVDOH large scale project on HPC, was directed to evaluate various durability aspects of HPC using West Virginia (WV) sources of materials. A total of 24 HPC mixtures were prepared with different supplementary cementing materials (SCM), such as fly ash, slag, silica fume and metakaolin as single or combined admixtures; normal Portland cement, chemical admixtures, and WV sources of limestone and gravel. Durability evaluations included: electrical indications of chloride penetration, chloride ion diffusion test, freeze-thaw/salt scaling test and physical sulfate attack test.;Results and relationships between the results were discussed. Some conclusions were …
Instant Message Communication And Its Impact Upon Written Language, Lara L. Eller
Instant Message Communication And Its Impact Upon Written Language, Lara L. Eller
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The purpose of this study is to explore the effects of computer-mediated communication upon users. The theory of technological determinism will be defined, discussed in detail, and applied to the research of computerized communication. The concept of language deconstruction (i.e., Internet slang, use of emoticons, and shorthand) in instant messaging will be analyzed through content analysis and through a series of interviews with high school and college journalism instructors. Does computer-mediated communication, specifically Instant messaging have a positive or negative effect on written language? The author discovered that many instant message conversations, in personal and professional settings, have Internet slang …
Lamb And Wool Production In An Organic Farming System, Christopher Kiptanui Ruto
Lamb And Wool Production In An Organic Farming System, Christopher Kiptanui Ruto
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
A study to evaluate lamb production under organic management was carried out in 2003 and 2004 at the West Virginia University Organic Research Farm. About 0.93 ha of tall fescue-orchard grass-red clover grassland was assigned to three blocks based on soil type, slope and previous treatment. Each block was divided into two main plots and assigned the following treatments: One was fertilized with compost while the other received no fertilizer. Two groups of sheep under organic management were rotationally grazed on the plots; one group on the plots with compost (high input) and the other on the plots with no …
Planning And Design Guidelines For Accommodating Non-Motorized Transportation In Suburban Office Parks, Keith B. Bryant
Planning And Design Guidelines For Accommodating Non-Motorized Transportation In Suburban Office Parks, Keith B. Bryant
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Recently, there have been many publications that chronicle suburban sprawl and the associated health risks, pedestrian safety concerns, economic impacts, and transportation consequences. Sprawl can be defined as dispersed, automobile-dependent development typically found along roadways outside of urban downtown areas.;Because of the problems associated with sprawl, planning and design guidelines have been developed for certain major land uses that offer guidance on more sustainable development practices. Other guidelines address the accommodation of non-motorized transportation in land uses such as residential, commercial, and retail. However, one land use for which such guidelines have not been developed is the suburban office park. …
Entrepreneurial Initiatives At Public Liberal Arts And General Baccalaureate Colleges, Jack R. Kirby
Entrepreneurial Initiatives At Public Liberal Arts And General Baccalaureate Colleges, Jack R. Kirby
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Until recent years, the concept of entrepreneurship has been the subject of study and application primarily in the private sector business community. However, in the wake of decreasing traditional sources of funding, higher operating costs, increasing government intervention, and institutional initiatives, entrepreneurship has gained increasing attention in public higher education (Elford & Hemstreet, 1996; Keast, 1995; Kozeracki, 1998).;This study examined the current patterns of entrepreneurial activities in public liberal arts and general baccalaureate colleges as defined by the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education (The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching, 2000). A survey instrument was prepared to …