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Unequal Influence: The Impact Of Inequality On Trade Policy, Brian William Fitzpatrick
Unequal Influence: The Impact Of Inequality On Trade Policy, Brian William Fitzpatrick
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Trade was a central issue in the 2016 US presidential election, with both major party candidates debating how trade impacts American workers. However, the current literature on trade policy outcomes and inequality has insufficient measures of public opinion on trade. I examine the varying roles the public and interest groups play in the trade policy formation process as inequality changes in democratic societies. I expect, as inequality increases, the public and mass based interest groups will have less resources to expend on influencing policymakers. Also, as inequality increases economic elites’ and business interest groups’ resources will increase, and they will …
The Life And Work Of Barbara Nissman, Giuliana Paola Contreras Ampuero
The Life And Work Of Barbara Nissman, Giuliana Paola Contreras Ampuero
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
This research paper focuses on the life and work of American concert pianist Barbara Nissman (b. 1944). Her extensive work as a performer, writer, lecturer and guest clinician makes Nissman one of the most accomplished artists of our time. This paper is the first comprehensive look at Nissman’s career and her diverse contributions to piano study and performance as a leading expert on the piano music of Alberto Ginastera (1916-1983), Sergei Prokofiev (1891-1953), Béla Bartók (1881-1945), and Franz Liszt (1811-1886). As an overview of Nissman’s life and career, this paper provides both a thorough presentation of Nissman’s contributions and serves …
Democratizing University Foodscapes? Student Food Cooperatives And The Neoliberal University, Amanda Marple
Democratizing University Foodscapes? Student Food Cooperatives And The Neoliberal University, Amanda Marple
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
According to a report published in 2015, the National Center for Education estimated that over 20 million students were forecasted to enroll in higher education in the 2016--17 school year, situating American universities as major institutional food retailers. Over the past two decades, corporate food providers have increasingly sought long-term public and private university contracts as a means to expand their reach into lucrative campus food landscapes (foodscapes), replacing in-house services with cheaper, more "efficient, and "productive" dining strategies. Companies such as Sodexo, Aramark, and Bon Appetit control the foodscapes of many university campuses across the United States, creating food …
Structural Origins Of The Doonerak Anticline, Central Brooks Range, Alaska, Gregory James Hammond
Structural Origins Of The Doonerak Anticline, Central Brooks Range, Alaska, Gregory James Hammond
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The Doonerak anticline in the central Brooks Range, Alaska, exposes a package of Early Paleozoic metavolcanic and metasedimentary rocks overlain by Carboniferous to Triassic sedimentary rocks which have been correlated to the North Slope subsurface. The flanks of the anticline have been interpreted as portions of a single north-vergent nappe system emplaced during the Brookian orogeny. The Doonerak anticline is a key location for understanding the structure of the Brooks Range fold and thrust belt. Field mapping, microstructural analysis, Raman-spectroscopy of carbonaceous material (RSCM) paleothermometry, and detrital zircon geochronology data suggest the structure is not a tectonic window resulting from …
Routine Regrets: Over Disclosure And Self-Violations Of Privacy In Social Media Spaces, Matthew P. Hartwell
Routine Regrets: Over Disclosure And Self-Violations Of Privacy In Social Media Spaces, Matthew P. Hartwell
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
A cognitive application of the theory of ritualized media is applied to computer mediated communication to explain unintended consequences of routinization in social media spaces connected to patterns of use and network growth, creating an increased opportunity for self-violations of privacy. While The unintentional self-violation of a digital user's privacy of information, thoughts, and behavior in part stems from interconnected structural components of a user's networks as well as the situational constraints they experience while utilizing social media. This study found that as networks increased in complexity, both in volume and diversity, SNS users experienced a higher likelihood of posting …
Creating The Need To Serve: How West Virginia Spontaneous Disaster Relief Volunteers' Motivations And Experiences Influence Their Willingness For Continued Volunteerism*, Erin Hudnall
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Spontaneous volunteerism, or emergent volunteer behavior, is characterized by an individual's actions of impulsively offering volunteer services immediately following the occurrence of a natural disaster or community tragedy, such as a flood or terrorist attack. This type of volunteerism differs from traditional volunteer activities that are usually preplanned and not related to a recent tragedy. It is unclear what types of motivations spur individuals to volunteer after a disaster, whether spontaneous volunteers' experiences lead to willingness for continued volunteerism in the future, and whether motivations and experiences differ significantly by context. To study this phenomenon, spontaneous volunteers who offered help …
High School Coaches' Experiences With Openly Lesbian, Gay, And Bisexual Athletes, Meghan K. Halbrook
High School Coaches' Experiences With Openly Lesbian, Gay, And Bisexual Athletes, Meghan K. Halbrook
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Despite reports that there has been a positive trend in perception and treatment of lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) individuals in recent years (Griffin, 2012; Loftus, 2001), sport, in general, is still an uncertain, and sometimes even hostile, environment for LGB athletes (Anderson, 2005; Beylin, 2006; Waldron & Krane, 2005). These concerns may be even more prevalent at the high school level, with student-athletes putting a strong emphasis on attempting to develop an independent and positive social identity through group or team interactions (Grant et al., 2014; Taifel & Turner, 1986). To gain more information on coach understanding and perceptions …
Development Of Ethics Education Guidelines For Undergraduate Athletic Training Education Programs, Kaitlynn Cullen
Development Of Ethics Education Guidelines For Undergraduate Athletic Training Education Programs, Kaitlynn Cullen
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Context: Since 2007, much of the literature has determined a need for recognition and resolution of ethical situations in the athletic training profession. Existing demographic studies suggest areas of improvement for athletic training education program (ATEP) ethics curriculum, however, little has been accomplished within the past nine years. The athletic training field has not addressed specific guidelines needed to teach ethics courses or an appropriate curriculum for the undergraduate ATEP setting. Educational guidelines should be developed for ethics education in undergraduate ATEPs. Objective: The purpose of this study is to develop guidelines for ethics education in undergraduate ATEPs. Design: This …
Peer-To-Peer Support Responses To Lgbt Suicidal Ideations In An Online Community, Kayla Mccormick
Peer-To-Peer Support Responses To Lgbt Suicidal Ideations In An Online Community, Kayla Mccormick
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
LGBTQ individuals, especially youth, are one of the top groups at risk for suicide. They experience social stigma and discrimination which diminishes their access to common support resources, causing many to turn to online communities for support for common issues. This paper utilizes qualitative content analysis guided by the stress-buffering model of the social support theory to investigate the helpfulness of informal social support responses in buffering stress in the suicidal individuals on LGBTchat.net. This model is based on the buffering hypothesis which asserts that persons with high stress and low support will show disproportionately elevated symptomatology, and that higher …
Players' Responses To And Primary Caregivers' Perceptions Of Authoritarian And Authoritative Coaching In The Inner-City, Renee Brown
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
An abundance of research in sport-based positive youth development (PYD) indicates that coaches should be positive, promote autonomy-supportive and authoritative coaching styles, and caution the use of authoritarian leadership, while too often ignoring elements of authoritarian leadership such as discipline and structure. However, most of the studies conducted targeted middle-upper socioeconomic status (SES) suburban, White populations, with little emphasis on the inner-city underserved context. Parenting and teaching literature provides strong support for authoritarian styles in the underserved setting (Hartman & Manfa, 2015; Smetana, 2011). Similarly, the few studies conducted in the underserved sport settings show support of authoritarian styles (Brown …
The Lived Experience Of Establishing A Home After A Period Of Homelessness, Monica Iaquinta
The Lived Experience Of Establishing A Home After A Period Of Homelessness, Monica Iaquinta
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The purpose of this qualitative study was to describe the structure of meaning of the lived experience of establishing a home after a period of homelessness. Fourteen semi-structured interviews were conducted using a unique line of inquiry based upon story theory and hermeneutic phenomenology. Questions were posed beginning with the present daily life in a home, followed by the previous experience of homelessness, and ending with establishing a home in the future. Stories were reconstructed, using the participant's own words, and confirmed during a second interview. The data analysis strategies were rooted in the theoretical framework including identifying essential statements, …
Occupational Exposure To Blood And Bodily Fluids Among Health Care Workers, Riyadh Alhazmi
Occupational Exposure To Blood And Bodily Fluids Among Health Care Workers, Riyadh Alhazmi
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Health Care workers (HCWS) must handle with a variety of occupational exposure. One significant exposure for HCWS in a hospital and Emergency Medical Services (EMS) providers in out of hospital expose to blood and bodily fluids during the performance of their duties , resulting in concerns regarding transmission of blood-borne pathogens such as hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). To manage the unpleasant effects of exposure to blood and bodily fluids, HCWs including EMS providers and other health care occupations must completely comply with standard precautions (SPs) recommendations and to attend continuing education …
Monitoring And Control Framework For Advanced Power Plant Systems Using Artificial Intelligence Techniques, Ghassan Khalil Ismaeel Al-Sinbol
Monitoring And Control Framework For Advanced Power Plant Systems Using Artificial Intelligence Techniques, Ghassan Khalil Ismaeel Al-Sinbol
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
This dissertation presents the design, development, and simulation testing of a monitoring and control framework for dynamic systems using artificial intelligence techniques. A comprehensive monitoring and control system capable of detecting, identifying, evaluating, and accommodating various subsystem failures and upset conditions is presented. The system is developed by synergistically merging concepts inspired from the biological immune system with evolutionary optimization algorithms and adaptive control techniques.;The proposed methodology provides the tools for addressing the complexity and multi-dimensionality of the modern power plants in a comprehensive and integrated manner that classical approaches cannot achieve. Current approaches typically address abnormal condition (AC) detection …
Serotonergic Modulation Of Inhibitory Input To Lateral Horn Affects Odor-Mediated Attraction In D. Melanogaster, Ayad Auda
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
To survive, animals must eat, mate, and avoid danger by sensing external stimuli, processing sensory information into perception, and eliciting the appropriate behavioral responses in accordance with their physiological states. Unlike learned responses, innate responses are genetically inherited and do not require the animal to have a previous encounter with the stimulus to elicit an action. However, innate responses can be flexible based on the physiological state of the animal. This flexibility is achieved through constant alterations in network dynamics which ensures that the animal's responses are most effective. This alteration occurs to some extent by modulatory neurons/nuclei at multiple …
In Vitro Study Of Retentive Properties Of Different Overdenture Attachment Systems On Straight And Divergent Dental Implants, Khalid Abdullaziz Azzouz
In Vitro Study Of Retentive Properties Of Different Overdenture Attachment Systems On Straight And Divergent Dental Implants, Khalid Abdullaziz Azzouz
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Objectives: To evaluate the retention of Locator R-TX (ZEST Anchors LLC, Escondido, CA USA), Locator (ZEST Anchors LLC, Escondido, CA USA) and GPS (Implant Direct Sybron International, LLC, California, USA) dental implant attachment systems on parallel and divergent implants after sixteen months of simulated cyclic wear.;Methods: 30 acrylic blocks representing mandibular arches were used. Two Locator R-TX, two Locator, or two GPS abutment analogs were placed parallel or with 10 degrees of divergence in each block. The associated housings were picked up in corresponding acrylic blocks with clear Orthodontic resin (Dentsply GAC, Islandia, NY USA). The black processing liners in …
Social Capital Structure And Dynamics In Stream Restoration: A Social Network Analysis Approach To The Upper Shavers Fork, West Virginia, Paul J. Kinder Jr.
Social Capital Structure And Dynamics In Stream Restoration: A Social Network Analysis Approach To The Upper Shavers Fork, West Virginia, Paul J. Kinder Jr.
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Streams are common pool resources embedded in watersheds representing complex socio-ecological systems that provide ecological goods and services as well as economic and social benefits. They have been referred to as the lifeblood of civilization. Streams, however, are among the most vulnerable natural resources globally to anthropocentric impacts and are all too often in need of restoration. While the primary objective of stream restoration is to bring back healthy ecological functions, other benefits and outcomes from restoration efforts exist, but are often overlooked. These benefits and outcomes relate to effective natural resource governance systems, which rely on social networks comprised …
Characterization Of Insulin Sensitivity And The Plasma Lipidome In Periparturient Dairy Cows, Sina Saed Samii
Characterization Of Insulin Sensitivity And The Plasma Lipidome In Periparturient Dairy Cows, Sina Saed Samii
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
During the transition from gestation to lactation, dairy cows experience negative energy balance due to an increased demand for energy to support milk production coupled with inadequate energy intake. Energy deficit during the peripartum is associated with the development of insulin resistance which contributes to adipose tissue lipolysis. In turn, elevated free fatty acids (FFA) in circulation increase triacylglycerol (TAG) deposition in liver. This metabolic impairment is known to cause postpartum metabolic diseases including fatty liver and ketosis. Consequently, postpartum metabolic disease can lead to reduced milk production in early lactation, impaired reproductive performance, and increased culling rates. Moreover, cows …
Student-Athletes' Experiences With Racial Microaggressions In Sport: A Foucauldian Discourse Analysis, Sae-Mi Lee
Student-Athletes' Experiences With Racial Microaggressions In Sport: A Foucauldian Discourse Analysis, Sae-Mi Lee
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Despite growing research on racial microaggressions as a subtle but prevalent form of racial discrimination, research on microaggressions in sport and their effects on the psychosocial wellbeing of athletes is scarce. Moreover, some researchers question the legitimacy of microaggressions due to their subtle nature and the inconsistency among individuals in how microaggressions are experienced (Lilienfeld, 2017). The purpose of this study was to examine U.S. collegiate student-athletes-of-colors' experiences with racial microaggressions in sport through a new theoretical lens, Foucauldian poststructuralist theory. I theorized microaggressions as an example of the daily panoptic gaze that leads to self-surveillance and the production of …
The Fabianization Of The British Empire: Postwar Colonial Summer Conferences And Community Development In Kenya And Uganda, 1948-1956, Joseph M. Snyder
The Fabianization Of The British Empire: Postwar Colonial Summer Conferences And Community Development In Kenya And Uganda, 1948-1956, Joseph M. Snyder
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
This dissertation examines the influence of the Fabian Society on Britain's postwar colonial development regime between 1948 and 1956. This study demonstrates that a primary vehicle for the "Fabianization" of the British Empire was the Cambridge Summer Conference series, particularly the conference convened in 1948. Held on the "Encouragement of Initiative in African Society", the conference devised a policy framework of community development based on a model of mass education long-favored by Arthur Creech Jones, former chair of the Fabian Colonial Bureau (FCB) and then Secretary of State for the Colonies.;While the findings of this study attest that Fabian influence …
Resonant Excitation Spectroscopy And Photon Statistics Of Self-Assembled Semiconductor Quantum Dots, Disheng Chen
Resonant Excitation Spectroscopy And Photon Statistics Of Self-Assembled Semiconductor Quantum Dots, Disheng Chen
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Light-matter interactions in semiconductor nanostructures have attracted significant research interest because of both fundamental physics questions and practical concerns. Epitaxially grown quantum dots (QDs), with their narrow emission linewidths and atom-like density of states in a solid state system, are archetypical elements of study and are potentially useful for many applications, such as on-demand single photon emitters [1,2], efficient entangled photon-pair sources [3,4], and cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED) research [5–11]. Most experiments employ resonant or near-resonant excitation to directly interact with the bound states, which enables high excitation efficiency, precise control of quantum states, and minimal disturbance of the local …
Using Telephone Education To Decrease Fasting Blood Glucose Prior To Surgery, Christine Mott
Using Telephone Education To Decrease Fasting Blood Glucose Prior To Surgery, Christine Mott
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Background: Uncontrolled diabetes during the perioperative period can result in increased postoperative infections, increased length of stay, increased ICU admissions, increased risk of myocardial infarction, stroke, and mortality. In addition, mortality rates of patients with diabetes are likely to be up to five times higher than patients without diabetes. Postoperative infections account for 66% of complications and one quarter of perioperative deaths. As a result of these findings, it is imperative that patients with diabetes maintain glycemic control in order to minimize infection, postoperative complications, and improve surgical outcomes.;Objective: The objective of the pilot project was to determine if an …
Evidence Utility In Forensic Intelligence Models, Jamie S. Spaulding
Evidence Utility In Forensic Intelligence Models, Jamie S. Spaulding
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Forensic intelligence is the accurate, timely, and useful product of logically processing forensic case data for investigation and/or intelligence purposes. The most important facet of any investigation is the decision making process due to significant influence and direction of the downstream investigation. Wrong decisions can lead to an unsolved case or implication of an innocent individual. Accurate decision making can be reinforced by linkages or relationships uncovered within a case. Analysis of evidence can also create a link between cases leading to more effective case closure. Application of forensic intelligence seeks to rectify this problem; more open and fluid communication …
Experiences And Perceptions Of West Virginia Stakeholders Towards Industrial Hemp And Its End Uses, Rebekah K. Stevenson
Experiences And Perceptions Of West Virginia Stakeholders Towards Industrial Hemp And Its End Uses, Rebekah K. Stevenson
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Industrial hemp is an herbaceous, annual plant from the cannabis sativa family. It is highly desirable due to its end uses, adaptability to climates for farming, ease of growth, and overall profitability. Its versatile nature provides a valuable source of raw materials for fibers, oil, seed, and food. A renewable fiber, industrial hemp returns nitrogen into the soil after it the plant has been harvested and plowed into the field. The crop was mistakenly placed on Schedule 1 of the Controlled Substances list in the 1970s due to its species relation to marijuana. Industrial hemp has been restricted until several …
If A Rail Keks And No One Is Around, Does It Make A Sound?: Investigating The Use Of Autonomous Recording Units To Monitor King And Clapper Rails, Lydia Lenora Stiffler
If A Rail Keks And No One Is Around, Does It Make A Sound?: Investigating The Use Of Autonomous Recording Units To Monitor King And Clapper Rails, Lydia Lenora Stiffler
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Secretive marsh birds are challenging to monitor due to the difficulty in locating and trapping them within the dense emergent vegetation they occupy. Recently autonomous recording units (ARUs) have emerged as a novel alternative method to survey birds, although the technology has only been applied to a few species in specific field settings. There is limited information on how ARUs compare to human surveyors or how best to use ARU data that can be collected continuously. This thesis examines the applicability of ARUs for monitoring King (Rallus elegans) and Clapper ( R. crepitans) rails (collectively "rails") in two tidal marsh …
Presidential Executive Orders: The Bureaucracy, Congress, And The Courts, Michael Edward Thunberg
Presidential Executive Orders: The Bureaucracy, Congress, And The Courts, Michael Edward Thunberg
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Primary immune deficiencies (PIDs) are genetic disorders that lead to defects in normal immune responses. While the causative gene for many of the more severe defects is known, new defects leading to additional syndromes are being described with increasing frequency. The most common group of PIDs are the primary antibody deficiencies (PADs), which manifest with low serum immunoglobulin levels, defective responses to vaccinations, and, for most, recurrent infections. In this work, we explore the genetic basis of common variable immune deficiency (CVID), the most common symptomatic PID, and related PADs using next-generation sequencing technology. In a large cohort of patients …
C-Jun N-Terminal Kinase Signaling Guides The Migration Of Interneurons During Cortical Development, Abigail K. Myers
C-Jun N-Terminal Kinase Signaling Guides The Migration Of Interneurons During Cortical Development, Abigail K. Myers
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The cerebral cortex, responsible for higher order functions, is a layered structure that relies on the precise wiring of two main types of neurons, excitatory neurons and inhibitory interneurons. In order to maintain a critical balance of excitation and inhibition in the cortex, a smaller, yet very diverse, population of cortical interneurons provides inhibition to a much larger cohort of excitatory neurons. This makes interneurons a vulnerable population where the slightest perturbations to their location and wiring with excitatory neurons can contribute to the acquisition of neurological disorders like autism, schizophrenia and epilepsy.;During development, cortical interneurons migrate tangentially from the …
Retrospective Evaluation Of Skeletal, Dentoalveolar, And Periodontal Changes Of Microimplant Assisted Rapid Palatal Expansion (Marpe) In Skeletally Matured Patients, Uyen Kelly Nguyen
Retrospective Evaluation Of Skeletal, Dentoalveolar, And Periodontal Changes Of Microimplant Assisted Rapid Palatal Expansion (Marpe) In Skeletally Matured Patients, Uyen Kelly Nguyen
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Introduction: Microimplant-assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) has recently been offered to adult patients as a treatment option for correcting maxillary transverse deficiency. However, there is a lack of information in the literature on the effects of this newer expansion technique specifically related to skeletal maturity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the immediate skeletal, dentoalveolar, and periodontal response to MARPE in skeletally matured patients, as assessed by the cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) method, using cone-beam computed tomography.;Experimental Design and Methods: Eight patients (2 females, 6 males; mean age of 21.9 +/- 1.5 years) treated with the maxillary skeletal …
Beyond Oraldigital: Ghanaian Electronic Literature As A Paradigm For African Digital Textuality, Kwabena Opoku-Agyemang
Beyond Oraldigital: Ghanaian Electronic Literature As A Paradigm For African Digital Textuality, Kwabena Opoku-Agyemang
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
This dissertation speaks to a massive dearth of research in African electronic literature (African e-lit), a discipline that boasts a growing number of works but little scholarship. With African literature incorporating digital technology into its creative process, and with electronic literary criticism focusing on areas outside its predominantly western cannon, African e-lit positions itself as an important area of scholarly endeavor. After considering the implications of placing African e-lit as the direction in which both African literature and electronic literature take, this dissertation looks at three different genres of African e-lit in the context of oral literature. There are analyses …
Costuming "The Trojan Women", Produced At West Virginia University, Cody K. Lorich
Costuming "The Trojan Women", Produced At West Virginia University, Cody K. Lorich
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
This thesis describes the development of the design from the initial reaction to the script, meetings with the director and other designers, research, execution and final evaluation for West Virginia University School of Theatre & Dance's production of The Trojan Women. Additional support includes sketches, research images, renderings, paperwork and production photos.;Euripides' The Trojan Women adapted by Gwendolyn MacEwen depicts a moment in the lives of victims of the Trojan War. This version of the Greek Tragedy utilizes contemporary poetic language paired with a stylized design approach.;From the start, the director intended for this production to be stylized. That is, …
Factors Associated With Health-Related Quality Of Life In Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Ellen M. Manegold
Factors Associated With Health-Related Quality Of Life In Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Ellen M. Manegold
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Youth with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) experience poor health-related quality of life (HRQOL; e.g., Cunningham et al., 2007; De Boer et al., 2005; Greenley et al., 2010). Previous research has demonstrated that factors such as problematic family functioning and increased general anxiety are associated with decreased HRQOL in pediatric IBD (e.g., Guilfoyle et al., 2014; Gumidyala & Greenley, 2014; Herzer et al., 2011a; Kilroy, Nolan, & Sarma, 2011). However, little was known about how specific aspects of the parent-child relationship are related to HRQOL. Furthermore, there was a gap in the literature about the relation of gastrointestinal (GI)-specific anxiety to …