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Opening Up The Box: Exploring The Scaling Out Of The Good Food Box Across Canada, Stephanie Lentz Laporte Potts
Opening Up The Box: Exploring The Scaling Out Of The Good Food Box Across Canada, Stephanie Lentz Laporte Potts
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
The Good Food Box (GFB) program holds a great deal of promise to expand our understanding of Community Food Security (CFS). CFS represents a vision for solving hunger and other problems with the food system through an integrated approach that improves access to good and appropriate food for all while at the same time building community, strengthening local agricultural economies, and maximizing social justice. The GFB, one type of CFS program, is a community-based initiative found across Canada that provides a box of healthy food to customers at near wholesale prices; it has the potential to increase access to healthy …
Investigation Of Craniofacial Morphological Variation At Sully (39sl4), Elizabeth Rose Agosto
Investigation Of Craniofacial Morphological Variation At Sully (39sl4), Elizabeth Rose Agosto
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
This study utilizes a theoretical framework of modern quantitative population genetics to identify factors contributing to the morphological variability between multiple, geographically distinct burial areas associated with the Sully village site (39LS4) in the Middle Missouri region of South Dakota. In particular three burial areas at Sully (A, D, and E) provide adequate samples for assessing intra-site variation. It has been a long-held belief that the observed morphological variability between burials areas is due to temporal sequencing; however, this explanation lacks hard craniometric and archaeological support. This study reassesses the assumption of temporal sequencing through the investigation of post marital …
A Chicken In Every Lot: The 2007 Chicken Ordinance In Missoula, Montana, Kate Margaret Sheridan
A Chicken In Every Lot: The 2007 Chicken Ordinance In Missoula, Montana, Kate Margaret Sheridan
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
In 2007, the City Council of Missoula, Montana passed an ordinance allowing six chickens per urban lot. Missoula followed the lead of many other cities seeking to expand urban agriculture and food security opportunities through microlivestock. This paper gives context to the implementation of a specific ordinance, investigates the benefits and challenges experienced by twenty households in Missoula, and connects it back to the food system as a whole.
Analysis Of Microtopography, Vegetation, And Active-Layer Thickness Using Terrestrial Lidar And Kite Photography, Barrow, Ak, Julia Smith
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Arctic regions underlain by permafrost are among the most vulnerable to impacts from climate change. This study examined changes in the active layer of permafrost near Barrow, Alaska at very fine scale to capture subtle changes related to microtopography and landcover. In 2010, terrestrial LIDAR was used to collect high-resolution elevation data for four 10 m × 10 m plots where maximum active-layer thickness (ALT) and elevation have been monitored on an annual basis since the mid-1990s and had been monitored in the 1960s as well. The raw LIDAR point cloud was analyzed and processed into four 10 cm resolution …
Nearing The End: Reef Building Corals And Bivalves In The Late Triassic And Comparing Corals And Bivalves Before And After The End-Triassic Mass Extinction Using A Taxonomic Database, Hannah Morgan Elliott Shepherd
Nearing The End: Reef Building Corals And Bivalves In The Late Triassic And Comparing Corals And Bivalves Before And After The End-Triassic Mass Extinction Using A Taxonomic Database, Hannah Morgan Elliott Shepherd
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
One of the most important tenants in geology is that the present is the key to the past, but it can also be said that the past is the key to the present. The five great extinction events are some of the key events that can help us to understand how changes in climate and sea chemistry can cause great changes in the ecology of our planet. Today the increase in atmospheric CO2 is causing ocean acidification, which has also been proposed as part of the system that caused the end-Triassic mass extinction. Ocean acidification can be greatly detrimental to …
Pristine Places And Passive People? Responses To Neoliberal Development And Maoist Conflict In Nepal's Northwest Himalayas, Catherine Lee Sanders
Pristine Places And Passive People? Responses To Neoliberal Development And Maoist Conflict In Nepal's Northwest Himalayas, Catherine Lee Sanders
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
In Humla District, Nepal, agro-pastoralists' confrontations with forces of change in the last generation have altered villagers' abilities to gain access to scarce resources. Development efforts and Nepal's recent armed conflict, in particular, introduced novel technologies and ideologies that affected Humli vulnerabilities. This dissertation is based on field research comparing two Hindu villages in northwest Nepal during 2009 and 2010. One village had more extensive ties to development than the other, and these villagers and other change agents co-created transitional contexts of vulnerability in the post-conflict setting of rural Nepal. An armed conflict dominated the political landscape in Nepal for …
The Development Of The First Legend For Geomorphologic Mapping Of High Mountain Environments In The United Sates, Mitchell Lee Fyock
The Development Of The First Legend For Geomorphologic Mapping Of High Mountain Environments In The United Sates, Mitchell Lee Fyock
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Geomorphological mapping is the attempt to depict the physical setting of the surface of the earth by mapping the landforms present and the processes responsible for their appearance, and is method that is practiced worldwide. Currently, there is no universally accepted legend for mapping the geomorphological features of all environments, though there have been several attempts made to develop such a legend. Instead, many different European nations have developed their own geomorphologic mapping legends for mapping the landscapes that exist within their national boundaries. In addition, certain countries have even developed highly specific geomorphologic mapping legends for specific geomorphologic environments. …
The Archaeological Investigation Of Cedar Bark Basket Trees In Western Montana: Background, Methods, And Trial Study Of Culturally Modified Trees, Dean Sonneah Nicolai
The Archaeological Investigation Of Cedar Bark Basket Trees In Western Montana: Background, Methods, And Trial Study Of Culturally Modified Trees, Dean Sonneah Nicolai
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
This thesis explores the potential for archaeological investigations of culturally modified trees (CMTs) in the northern Rocky Mountain region of Western Montana. Culturally modified trees are considered to be living artifacts, representations of traditional culture, and a lasting physical manifestation of long term use by inhabitants. The goal of this thesis is to offer an archaeological perspective for investigation of cultural modifications of the cedar basket tree (Thuja plicata), and to contribute to the development of a method for inquiry and analysis. Two primary research questions were posed: How does the study of behavioral archaeology and the methodological approach presented …
The Ethnography Of On-Site Interpretation And Commemoration Practices: Place-Based Cultural Heritages At The Bear Paw, Big Hole, Little Bighorn, And Rosebud Battlefields, Helen Alexandra Keremedjiev
The Ethnography Of On-Site Interpretation And Commemoration Practices: Place-Based Cultural Heritages At The Bear Paw, Big Hole, Little Bighorn, And Rosebud Battlefields, Helen Alexandra Keremedjiev
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Using a memory archaeology paradigm, this dissertation explored from 2010 to 2012 the ways people used place-based narratives to create and maintain the sacredness of four historic battlefields in Montana: Little Bighorn Battlefield National Monument; Nez Perce National Historical Park- Bear Paw Battlefield; Nez Perce National Historical Park- Big Hole National Battlefield; and Rosebud Battlefield State Park. This research implemented a mixed-methods approach of four data sources: historical research about on-site interpretation and land management of the battlefields; participant observations conducted during height of tourism season for each battlefield; 1,056 questionnaires administered to park visitors; and 32 semi-structured interviews with …
Responses To Climate Change In National Park Service Wilderness: What Is Happening In The Field?, Katherine E. Nelson
Responses To Climate Change In National Park Service Wilderness: What Is Happening In The Field?, Katherine E. Nelson
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
As scholars debate whether climate change warrants more or less active management in wilderness, this baseline study identifies what is happening on the ground. This study focuses attention on National Park Service units that administer designated wilderness. Representatives who had been identified by the superintendents from each of these units responded to an online survey (with a 94% response rate). Respondents reported on their concerns, monitoring, and management projects driven by climate change happening in their wilderness. Respondents also discussed whether and how these activities affected wilderness character. This is the first study to characterize the response to climate change …
Women’S Water, Women’S Work: Evaluating Decentralized Management Of Deep Borehole Wells For Improved Rural Water Access In Tawa Fall Village, Senegal, Tenly Elizabeth Snow
Women’S Water, Women’S Work: Evaluating Decentralized Management Of Deep Borehole Wells For Improved Rural Water Access In Tawa Fall Village, Senegal, Tenly Elizabeth Snow
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Throughout the developing world, countries face a number of issues regarding the health and welfare of their populations. One issue that stands out with critical and growing importance is the availability-and accessibility-of water. Across the Sahel, access to potable water for domestic use, as well as contaminant-free water for agricultural and animal husbandry purposes is of growing concern. This study evaluates Government of Senegal efforts at improving rural water access through public-private operation contracts to manage deep groundwater resources. In West Africa, Senegal currently counts itself among the few Sahelian countries having sufficient freshwater supplies to support its population’s growing …
Statistical Modeling Of Rare Stochastic Disturbance Events At Continental And Global Scales: Post-Fire Debris Flows And Wildland Fires, Karin Lynn Riley
Statistical Modeling Of Rare Stochastic Disturbance Events At Continental And Global Scales: Post-Fire Debris Flows And Wildland Fires, Karin Lynn Riley
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Chapter 1: Frequency-magnitude distribution of debris flows compiled from global data, and comparison with post-fire debris flows in the western U.S. Forecasting debris flow hazard is challenging due to the episodic occurrence of debris flows in response to stochastic precipitation and, in some areas, wildfires. In order to facilitate hazard assessment, we have gathered available records of debris flow volumes into the first comprehensive global catalog of debris flows (n = 988). We also present results of field collection of recent debris flows (n = 77) in the northern Rocky Mountains, where debris flow frequency increases following wildfire. As a …
Paying To Play: Supply Management In Montana's Dairy Industry, Laura Ginsburg
Paying To Play: Supply Management In Montana's Dairy Industry, Laura Ginsburg
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Montana’s dairy industry is unique among US states because of its supply management program, which allocates quota to limit how much fluid milk can be produced and sold within the state. The amount of quota is set and price varies with market conditions; therefore, quota adds to a farm’s production costs. This paper presents findings from in-depth interviews with 17 dairy farmers to learn how quota has affected on-farm decision-making and how they perceive the impacts of quota on the statewide industry. Farmers tend to be spilt between those who think it affected their on-farm decisions and those who felt …
Inventory Of Mongolian Glaciers For The Global Land Ice Measurements From Space (Glims) Program, Caleb Gikai Pan
Inventory Of Mongolian Glaciers For The Global Land Ice Measurements From Space (Glims) Program, Caleb Gikai Pan
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Glaciers in the Altai Mountains of Mongolia provide an estimated 10 % of the total water resources within the country. Yet, the number and area of glaciers within the Altai Mountains is inconsistent and conflicting. Glacier mapping attempts by previous author groups did not mention their mapping methods, data source, and/or date of analysis. Therefore, making it difficult to analyze and compare glacier base data. Due to a combination of climate change and land use management practices, the necessity of inventorying glaciers in the Altai Mountains of Mongolia is of great importance. The practice of glacier monitoring using remote sensing …
Land-Cover Change Within The Peatlands Along The Rocky Mountain Front, Montana: 1937-2009, Joseph Tyler Milbrath
Land-Cover Change Within The Peatlands Along The Rocky Mountain Front, Montana: 1937-2009, Joseph Tyler Milbrath
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Aerial photographs of nine peatlands along the Rocky Mountain Front, Montana, were analyzed in a GIS. The boundary of wetland extent was hand-digitized and the area within was classified into land-cover types including: total area, open fen, open water, woody vegetation, and non-wetland/agriculture. Changes in wetland extent and land-cover categories were evaluated from the earliest available imagery in 1937 to the last available imagery in 2009. Images prior to 1995 were orthorectified to correct inherent distortions. Results indicate little change in overall peatland area between 1937 and 2009 despite increasing air temperatures in the region. Open water area and the …
Mapping The Distribution And Abundance Of Western Larch (Larix Occidentalis Nutt.) With Multi-Temporal Satellite Imagery And Gradient Modeling, Steven Joseph Touzel
Mapping The Distribution And Abundance Of Western Larch (Larix Occidentalis Nutt.) With Multi-Temporal Satellite Imagery And Gradient Modeling, Steven Joseph Touzel
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Western larch (Larix occidentalis Nutt.) is one of three native North American larch species, it occupies the mountainous regions of northwestern North America, and it is a deciduous conifer. Western larch is among the most ecologically and economically important conifer tree species in the northern Rockies region. This study explores the viability of mapping western larch via the analysis of multi-temporal Landsat imagery and gradient modeling. Larch presence and abundance data from 300 field plots correlated with Normalized Difference Vegetation Index seasonal change (NDVIsc) explains 46% of the variability in larch basal area. Multivariate models built with NDVIsc and additional …
Lithic Technology And Risk: Winter Houses At Bridge River Villages, Kelly French
Lithic Technology And Risk: Winter Houses At Bridge River Villages, Kelly French
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
The 2012 excavation of a single housepit (Housepit 54) at the Bridge River Village site (EeR14) offers the unique opportunity to look at lithic organization and techinological strategies during the Fur Trade era in the Middle Fraser Canyon. The main goal of this research is to understand how the winter occupation of Housepit 54 may have affected the lithic technological strategies carried out at Bride River Village. As a winter pithouse, lithic raw material sources would be inaccessible during the three months of occupation. The hypothesis of this thesis is structured with a theory of risk framework in order to …
The Sweet Grass Hills And Blackfeet Indians: Sacredness, Land, And Institutional Discrimination, Cassie Sheets
The Sweet Grass Hills And Blackfeet Indians: Sacredness, Land, And Institutional Discrimination, Cassie Sheets
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
The Sweet Grass Hills of north-central Montana are part of the four Tribes of the Blackfoot Confederacy’s traditional territory and play a vital role in perpetuating Blackfeet culture. The Blackfeet Tribe of Montana was forced to sell the Sweet Grass Hills to the federal government in 1888 after the decimation of bison populations. In 1992, the first large-scale corporate mining proposal in the Sweet Grass Hills was proposed by Lehmann and Associates and Manhattan Mineral, Ltd. In response to public outcries, environmental impact statements were issued by the Bureau of Land Management, the agency that manages the area, and Secretary …
Tourism Sector Perceptions Of Vulnerability To Environmental Change In Glacier National Park, U.S.A., Nicholas Youngstrom
Tourism Sector Perceptions Of Vulnerability To Environmental Change In Glacier National Park, U.S.A., Nicholas Youngstrom
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Glacier National Park, a highly visible example of climate change impacts, is also extremely important for local inhabitants that depend on park resources to generate tourism. Consequently, if those resources are altered, tourism could be adversely affected. To explore this range of climate change impacts on the human community, as well as how vulnerability is perceived and experienced, twenty-three operators in the Glacier region were interviewed. These interviews were then analyzed using content analysis, which allowed themes related to vulnerability to be detailed. Operators identified several ways in which they experience vulnerability to climate change, particularly through wildfire, extreme weather, …
Household Organization In The Fur Trade Era: Socioeconomic And Spatial Organizations Of Housepit 54, Alexandra Christine Williams
Household Organization In The Fur Trade Era: Socioeconomic And Spatial Organizations Of Housepit 54, Alexandra Christine Williams
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Households are fundamental units of society that possess powerful explanatory potential; however, few studies have approached household organization during the critical contact period within the Mid-Fraser Canyon. The 2012 excavation of Bridge River’s Housepit 54 (HP 54) offers a rare opportunity to investigate such socioeconomic relationships and their spatial manifestations. Hypotheses structured with a household archaeology theoretical framework emphasize household socioeconomic strategies. The first hypothesis outlines a network strategy characterized by greater centralization of power, hierarchical complexity, and material-wealth that is reflected in residential units with individual features and disparate accumulations of prestige goods and high utility resources. Such floor …
Using Landsat Imagery To Evaluate Landscape-Level Impacts Of Natural Gas Field Development: Tazovsky Penninsula, Russia, 1984-2007, Jesse Stevens Wallace
Using Landsat Imagery To Evaluate Landscape-Level Impacts Of Natural Gas Field Development: Tazovsky Penninsula, Russia, 1984-2007, Jesse Stevens Wallace
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
The Yamburg gas condensate field in northwestern Siberia sits atop the largest natural gas and petroleum basin in the world. Infrastructure related to the extraction and transport of natural gas is both geographically widespread, and has been shown to affect a much larger area than the immediate infrastructural footprint. Because field studies of the environmental impacts of development are often costly or unfeasible given the remoteness of these areas and access restrictions, the use of remote-sensing technologies is a valuable asset for assessing and quantifying disturbance over large areas. Freely available 30 meter resolution Landsat imagery from 1984 to 2007 …
Measurements Of Reactive Trace Gases And Variable Ozone Formation Rates In South Carolina Biomass Burning Plumes, Sheryl Kashi Akagi
Measurements Of Reactive Trace Gases And Variable Ozone Formation Rates In South Carolina Biomass Burning Plumes, Sheryl Kashi Akagi
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Biomass burning (BB) is the second largest source of trace gases and the largest source of primary fine carbonaceous particles in the global troposphere. BB trace gases and particles are of both regional and global importance. In the US, prescribed fire and wildfire are the two major fire types and they occur frequently. Prescribed fires are ignited to improve and aid forest health, maintenance, and management. Land managers strive to minimize the impact of smoke on local communities. However, smoldering combustion can still occur, leading to complaints of smoke exposure and reduced visibility. It is clear that we need better …
Community Resilience Training Project Proposal, Delyla Wilson
Community Resilience Training Project Proposal, Delyla Wilson
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
The Community Resilience Training (CRT) Project Proposal is a design for the creation and implementation of a multi-level, adaptive curriculum designed to improve community resilience to disasters and other major disruption. Grounded in chaos theory and the complexity paradigm of disaster response, the CRT program is designed to provide information at the community level to promote change throughout the disaster preparedness, response, relief, and recovery process. The CRT project incorporates permaculture technology, wilderness medicine protocols, community organizing skills, and transnational advocacy competencies with traditional community knowledge to create a culturally specific training curriculum. Through the research process, community knowledge and …
The Effect Of Random And Spatially Explicit Lightning And Human-Caused Ignitions On Simulated Burn Probabilities At Small Scales, James Lowery
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Our overall goal was to assess the difference between annual wildfire burn probability (BP) generated from simulation models using random ignitions versus spatially explicit ignitions for wildland urban interface (WUI) areas and designated wilderness in the Rocky Mountain West, and infer whether one may be more useful than the other at small scales. We collected all available ignition data from logbooks, spreadsheets and the internet for a 1282 km2 study area within a 10 km buffer of the Rattlesnake National Recreation Area (RNRA) and Rattlesnake Wilderness (RW), Montana, which also included WUI. These ignitions were on small private landholdings, as …
An Inquiry Into Eco-Labeling: The Promise Of Predator Friendly Certification (Pfc), Melissa Ellen Katherine Early
An Inquiry Into Eco-Labeling: The Promise Of Predator Friendly Certification (Pfc), Melissa Ellen Katherine Early
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Agricultural landscapes play key roles in preserving biodiversity through habitat protection while providing ecosystem services necessary for rural livelihoods. There is a small, but growing movement among agricultural producers to live with nature rather than to dominate nature. Within this larger agriculture movement are efforts to live with predators rather than eliminating them through lethal means. This is reflective of the changing conversation around predators in the New West. Means of co-existence include livestock guardian animals, electric fencing, fladry, range rider patrols, rotational grazing, and lights etc. One grassroots effort in this area is Predator Friendly Certification (PFC). PFC is …
The Changing Role Of Sámi Women In Reindeer Herding Communities In Northern Norway And The 1970-1980s Women’S Resistance And Redefinition Movement, Marcie Kaye Bremmer
The Changing Role Of Sámi Women In Reindeer Herding Communities In Northern Norway And The 1970-1980s Women’S Resistance And Redefinition Movement, Marcie Kaye Bremmer
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Historically, different nations-states at different times have tried to claim authority over the Sámi in the circumpolar north. After the nation state borders were drawn in the 1700s and 1800s, separating Russia, Norway, Sweden and Finland, Norway introduced a harsh and 1800s separating Russia, Norway, Sweden and Finland, Norway introduced a harsh assimilation policy that lasted over a century. Cultural Darwinist views and national assimilationist legislation and social strategies chipped away at Sámi society and its identity as an indigenous people. Over time Sámi women found their accustomed social, economic, and political autonomy eroded. Post World War II, the emerging …
The Whale And The World In Melville’S Moby-Dick: Early American Empire And Globalization, Zachary Michael Radford
The Whale And The World In Melville’S Moby-Dick: Early American Empire And Globalization, Zachary Michael Radford
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Reading Moby-Dick; or, the Whale (1851), this study examines literary arguments regarding Melville’s capacity to appear prophetic through his written works in his predictions of the vast empire that America would one day become and the strategies which the country would employ to do so. In my introduction I assert that Melville is not a “Prophet,” but rather, he is a keenly analytical observer of the world around him as he recognized in America patterns of imperialism: structures he charted in his global voyages as a merchant and then a whaler. In his observations, he saw that America was not …
Developmental Mathematics In Two-Year Community Colleges And Student Success, Brenda Catherine Frame
Developmental Mathematics In Two-Year Community Colleges And Student Success, Brenda Catherine Frame
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Poor success rates of developmental mathematics courses at community colleges have currently received nationwide attention. Efforts to remedy the situation include complete course redesigns and intervention strategies. A recent intervention strategy in use is the implementation of success courses that are aimed at changing the learning perspectives of developmental students. The purpose of this mixed-method comparative study was to closely examine this strategy as it relates specifically to students studying developmental mathematics at the lowest level at one community college. Students taking the lowest level developmental mathematics course at the participating community college were designated into one of two groups: …
King Of Kings: Human Rights Rhetoric And Regional Security In The Shah's Iran, 1968-1978, Bennett Gabriel Sherry
King Of Kings: Human Rights Rhetoric And Regional Security In The Shah's Iran, 1968-1978, Bennett Gabriel Sherry
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
In the spring of 1968, Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi’s personal rule and Iran’s domestic stability were at an all-time high. For five years, Iran had enjoyed the boons of the Shah’s White Revolution. This program of economic and social reform had placed Iran on the path to becoming one of the most populous, prosperous, and powerful nations in the Middle East. In January 1968 the United Kingdom announced it would withdraw its military from the Persian Gulf. The Shah seized upon this opportunity and that provided by the promulgation of the Nixon Doctrine in 1969 to put Iran on the …
Spectral Identification Of Wild Rice (Zizania Palustris L.) Using Indigenous Knowledge And Landsat Multispectral Data, Michael Wassegijig Price
Spectral Identification Of Wild Rice (Zizania Palustris L.) Using Indigenous Knowledge And Landsat Multispectral Data, Michael Wassegijig Price
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Landsat-7 ETM+ (SLC-off) multispectral satellite imagery was tested to identify and delineate natural stands of wild rice (Zizania palustris L.) from other aquatic vegetation growing on area lakes of the Leech Lake Native American reservation in northern Minnesota. Leech Lake is located within the Mississippi River Headwaters drainage ecosystem and contains some of the largest natural stands of wild rice in the country. Local indigenous knowledge; in this case, the knowledge of Ojibwe tribal elders who have traditionally harvested wild rice by canoe for centuries, was utilized to build training data polygons for a supervised classification. By testing several supervised …