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Tourism On A Scenic Byway: Destination Image And Economic Impacts Of The Beartooth Highway, Jacob Daniel Jorgenson
Tourism On A Scenic Byway: Destination Image And Economic Impacts Of The Beartooth Highway, Jacob Daniel Jorgenson
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Many tourism destination managers know who their visitors are and how they are perceived by them. However, when new destinations begin to take shape, understanding these perceptions and meeting the expectations of visitors can be a difficult task. Destination image provides the ability to explore the perceptions of visitors at a tourism place. One such place the Beartooth Highway in south-central Montana and north-central Wyoming is a scenic byway that reaches nearly 11,000 feet in elevation. Previously, little to no research has been conducted regarding travelers that frequent this region. The purpose of this study was to understand the destination …
Variational Methods In Ice Sheet Modelling, Douglas John Brinkerhoff
Variational Methods In Ice Sheet Modelling, Douglas John Brinkerhoff
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
A complete simulation of flowing ice requires knowledge of both the fundamental physical principles that govern the stress and energy balances and a framework for assimilating data into a model to help estimate unknown parameters. Modelling ice is complex, due to the large spatial extent of ice sheets, the multiple scales at which relevant physics operate, and the coupling between heat, stress, and ice rheology. As such, it is usually necessary to make approximations to the equations governing ice flow. At the same time, it is important to have an understanding of the specific assumptions that lead to these approximations. …
Safety In Numbers? The Effect Of Increasing Numbers Of Bicycle Commuters On Bicycle-Automobile Collisions, Luke Anderson
Safety In Numbers? The Effect Of Increasing Numbers Of Bicycle Commuters On Bicycle-Automobile Collisions, Luke Anderson
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
The idea that increasing the numbers of bicycle and pedestrians in an area lowers the automobile collision risk for individual cyclists and pedestrians is called the safety in numbers effect. This paper applies the safety in numbers effect to bicycling and pedestrian commuters in California cities from 2005 to 2011. The results indicate that cities with 10% more bicycle commuters will only see about 6% more collisions between cyclists and automobiles and thus have a lower average risk to bicycle commuters. These results are similar to those found by Jacobson (2003) although this study uses a multiple regression analysis on …
The Last Conservationist: Floyd Dominy And Federal Reclamation Policy In The American West, Ian Robert Stacy
The Last Conservationist: Floyd Dominy And Federal Reclamation Policy In The American West, Ian Robert Stacy
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Historians of the American West have long identified the federal government's important role in shaping the region's physical and social landscapes, especially concerning water development. The Bureau of Reclamation, which built most of the West's major dams and water projects, traces its origins back to the 1902 Reclamation Act and since then has seen its share of political upheavals and colorful personalities. But one figure towers over all: Floyd Dominy, who served as commissioner from 1959 to 1969. By following the career of this one influential bureaucrat from the Great Depression to the end of the Great Society, I show …
Surviving Probation: The Challenges Sexual Offenders Are Faced With In Mainstream Society, Krystal Stevenson
Surviving Probation: The Challenges Sexual Offenders Are Faced With In Mainstream Society, Krystal Stevenson
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
"Society sees us [sexual offenders] as terrible people. Either lock us up or kill us. They don't want us in their community." Sexual offenders are seen as some of the most repulsive criminals through society's eyes. The term "sexual offender" encompasses many different types of people with regards to their crime, but society sees all sexual offenders as child molesters. This causes an over-whelming problem for sexual offenders, specifically in terms of housing, since there are many restrictions on where they can live. Legislation is implementing housing restrictions to prevent these criminals from re-offending, but in some cases, it can …
Teacher And Principal Assessment Literacy, Michael Lee Perry
Teacher And Principal Assessment Literacy, Michael Lee Perry
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
ABSTRACT Perry, Michael, Ed. D., May 2013 Educational Leadership Teacher and Principal Assessment Literacy: A look at the level of assessment literacy of high school principals and high school teachers in the state of Montana. Chair: Dr. John Matt The implementation of the No Child Left Behind (NCLB) Act in 2002 has increased the emphasis on standardized achievement tests. Principals are asked to lead instruction and improve student achievement through assessment. NCLB has sanctions that could include replacing a school principal. The purpose of this study was to look at the level of assessment literacy of high school principals in …
Forecasting Groundwater Responses To Dam Removal, Antony Ray Berthelote
Forecasting Groundwater Responses To Dam Removal, Antony Ray Berthelote
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
This dissertation contains three papers describing groundwater system responses to dam removals and presents current and new methodologies that managers can use to proactively forecast and mitigate those impacts. The three papers bring together literature, data gathering, data analysis, testing, and modeling techniques that apply groundwater science to forecasting the response of groundwater systems to dam removal actions. Conceptual and numerical models developed as part of this work provide scientists, environmental consultants, regulators and managers with tools to assess the consequences of the removal of stream reservoirs on the adjacent and underlying groundwater system The first chapter/paper, Responses of Groundwater …
Diagnosis Threat In Adults With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Renee Madathil
Diagnosis Threat In Adults With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Renee Madathil
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a complex neurological condition currently defined by the American Psychological Association as "a persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity/impulsivity" (APA, 2000, p. 85). Currently, there is no DSM-IV diagnosis for ADHD in adults, although some researchers estimate that approximately 50-80% of childhood cases of ADHD carry on into adolescence and adulthood (Barkley, Fischer, Smallish, & Fletcher, 2002). Obtaining an accurate estimation is prevented by several factors, including a lack of an objective diagnostic test for ADHD (Stefanatos & Baron, 2007). One construct that has not been well studied in ADHD populations is the effect of negative …
Improved Synthesis Of 3-Aryl-Isoxazoles As Intermediates For Novel G-Quadruplex Binding Anti-Tumor Agents, Matthew Jacob Weaver
Improved Synthesis Of 3-Aryl-Isoxazoles As Intermediates For Novel G-Quadruplex Binding Anti-Tumor Agents, Matthew Jacob Weaver
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
As a promising new target for chemotherapy G-quadruplexes (G4) have drawn great interest from the scientific community. Current chemotherapeutic agents exhibit broad toxicity to patients; G4 has the potential to be selectively targeted by novel chemotherapeutic agents that exhibit toxicity specific towards cancer cells. Anthracenyl isoxazolyl amides (AIMs) have shown potent anti-tumor activity and have evidence to support them as G4 binding molecules. Studies of the AIMs’ unique mechanism of action require an efficient synthesis of target molecules. For our system, methods traditionally used to synthesize isoxazoles were inefficient and gave poor yields. A critical comparison of methods to prepare …
A Qualitative Study Of Returning Study Abroad Students: The Critical Role Of Reentry Support Programs, Raquel Alexandra Arouca
A Qualitative Study Of Returning Study Abroad Students: The Critical Role Of Reentry Support Programs, Raquel Alexandra Arouca
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Reentry Shock had been studied through psychological symptoms and inter-relationship problems. Previous research also focused on quantitative data of post-experience questionnaires. This dissertation examines how reentry support programs help students during the reentry process and how participants integrate the study abroad experience into their academic careers. A case study methodology was employed and qualitative data was gathered from eight students who volunteered to participate in two 90 minute workshops and an individual interview. A grounded theory approach was used to analyze the data with NVivo. Thematic analysis revealed a reentry process where students became aware of: a) the different ways …
Indoor Coarse Particulate Matter: Evaluating Exposures And Health Effects In Asthmatic Children, Marcy Lynn Mcnamara
Indoor Coarse Particulate Matter: Evaluating Exposures And Health Effects In Asthmatic Children, Marcy Lynn Mcnamara
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
The primary aim of the ARTIS study (Asthma Randomized Trial of Indoor Wood Smoke) is to improve the quality of life of asthmatic children living in wood stove homes by reducing in-home fine particulate matter (PM2.5). In the original project, characterizing exposure to the coarse fraction of particulate matter (consisting of particles <10 μm and >2.5 μm; PMc) was not proposed. The coarse fraction has been shown to elicit increased pulmonary inflammation compared to PM2.5. This may be due to biogenic constituents of PMc such as endotoxin, a component of the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria. Scientific interest in the coarse fraction is …
I Have An Enemy And I Am Glad: An Evaluation Of The Effects Enemyship Has On The Individual, Laura Janelle Gornick
I Have An Enemy And I Am Glad: An Evaluation Of The Effects Enemyship Has On The Individual, Laura Janelle Gornick
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Despite its prevalence in popular culture, little research has specifically investigated the topic of enemyship and how it affects our lives. This research proposes to fill that gap by focusing on the effects involved with claiming to have an enemy. Specifically, this research introduces a theory of "optimal enemyship" which suggests that (1) there are both positive and negative psychological consequences for having an enemy, and (2) there are specific circumstances that maximize the positive benefits of enemyship. The focus of this research is to assess when "optimal enemyship" occurs by looking at characteristics of both the enemyship relationship and …
Evaluating And Role Of Standards And Guidelines In National Forest Planning, Emily E. Schembra
Evaluating And Role Of Standards And Guidelines In National Forest Planning, Emily E. Schembra
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
There is longstanding conflict related to planning standards and guidelines (S & Gs) used by the U.S. Forest Service to guide and constrain National Forest System land management. The role these prescriptions have played in the past in forest management, and the role they ought to play in the future, is often disputed. However, the National Forest Management Act (NFMA) and the new 2012 NFMA planning regulations require S & Gs, so they must be included in forest plans in the future. The goal of this research was to provide a common understanding of how planning S & Gs were …
Biological Effects Of Trogocytosis On Cd4+ T Lymphocytes, Douglas Grant Osborne
Biological Effects Of Trogocytosis On Cd4+ T Lymphocytes, Douglas Grant Osborne
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Antigen recognition by CD4+ T cells leads to large-scale spatial and temporal molecular redistributions, forming the immunological synapse. We have previously shown that upon dissociation, T cells capture large membrane fragments from antigen-presenting cells directly from the immunological synapse. The mechanism and biological significance of this process, termed trogocytosis, is still unclear. In this thesis I examined the impact that trogocytosis has on the individual T cell after capturing molecules from the antigen presenting cell. I employed murine fibroblast cell lines expressing an I-Ek molecule loaded with a covalently attached antigenic peptide (moth cytochrome C 88-103) and with or without …
Modeling Connectivity In Landscape Genetics: Applications, Optimization And Assessing Uncertainty, Brian Kevin Hand
Modeling Connectivity In Landscape Genetics: Applications, Optimization And Assessing Uncertainty, Brian Kevin Hand
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Connectivity modeling and corridor identification are an essential part of landscape genetics and important tools for the future of conservation biology. The previous decade has shown a steadily increasing interest and rise in publications in landscape genetics. This enthusiasm has led to advances in the methods and theoretical background of the field; however, there remain important, yet unresolved, challenges. Many of these are related to validation and uncertainty testing for resistance surfaces (hypotheses of connectivity). These fundamental issues need to be addressed before landscape genetics can gain the full recognition of a scientific discipline such as population genetics or landscape …
Working Memory Capacity Training And The Effect On Reading Comprehension, Numerical Reasoning, And Vocational Progress, David Evans Johnson
Working Memory Capacity Training And The Effect On Reading Comprehension, Numerical Reasoning, And Vocational Progress, David Evans Johnson
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
An individual’s working memory capacity determines their ability to control attention and discard irrelevant and interfering information in large environments. It also plays an important part in information processing of goal-relevant tasks. It is important to study the ways in which learners can augment the capacity of an important cognitive construct and investigate the potential benefits to improving attention, reasoning, and comprehension. In educational settings, students actively seek help from assistance programs that target academic performance. However, it is often the case that this assistance comes in the form of a targeted specific skill that is focused on a particular …
Three Facets Of Pau Casals' Musical Legacy, Silvia Maria Lazo
Three Facets Of Pau Casals' Musical Legacy, Silvia Maria Lazo
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Pau Casals (1876-1973, better known to American audiences as Pablo Casals) was a notable Catalan cellist, conductor and composer, also widely known as a humanitarian. He was raised in El Vendrell, a small village in Catalonia (Spain). He went into exile in Prades, France in 1939, towards the end of the Spanish Civil War, subsequently relocating to Puerto Rico in 1957. In October 1945, following the end of World War II, the lack of Allied intervention in Spain ignited Casals' international artistic boycott, wherein Casals vowed not to perform in any country recognizing General Francisco Franco's regime. To date, a …
Investigation Of Craniofacial Morphological Variation At Sully (39sl4), Elizabeth Rose Agosto
Investigation Of Craniofacial Morphological Variation At Sully (39sl4), Elizabeth Rose Agosto
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
This study utilizes a theoretical framework of modern quantitative population genetics to identify factors contributing to the morphological variability between multiple, geographically distinct burial areas associated with the Sully village site (39LS4) in the Middle Missouri region of South Dakota. In particular three burial areas at Sully (A, D, and E) provide adequate samples for assessing intra-site variation. It has been a long-held belief that the observed morphological variability between burials areas is due to temporal sequencing; however, this explanation lacks hard craniometric and archaeological support. This study reassesses the assumption of temporal sequencing through the investigation of post marital …
Acceptance Of Wildlife Crossing Structures On Us Highway 93 Missoula, Montana, Jeremiah P. Purdum
Acceptance Of Wildlife Crossing Structures On Us Highway 93 Missoula, Montana, Jeremiah P. Purdum
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Wildlife and humans have always interacted on the landscape. However, growing transportation infrastructure and its associated use are causing a large increase in direct and indirect effects on wildlife populations. Humans can also directly be affected, for example, through wildlife-vehicle collisions that impact human safety and lead to economic costs for individuals and society. In some cases transportation and wildlife agencies have implemented substantial mitigation measures along roadways in an attempt to reduce wildlife-vehicle collisions and to provide for safe crossing opportunities for wildlife. Wildlife-specific crossing structures are now increasingly considered in road construction. Reconstruction projects and a range of …
Analysis Of Microtopography, Vegetation, And Active-Layer Thickness Using Terrestrial Lidar And Kite Photography, Barrow, Ak, Julia Smith
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Arctic regions underlain by permafrost are among the most vulnerable to impacts from climate change. This study examined changes in the active layer of permafrost near Barrow, Alaska at very fine scale to capture subtle changes related to microtopography and landcover. In 2010, terrestrial LIDAR was used to collect high-resolution elevation data for four 10 m × 10 m plots where maximum active-layer thickness (ALT) and elevation have been monitored on an annual basis since the mid-1990s and had been monitored in the 1960s as well. The raw LIDAR point cloud was analyzed and processed into four 10 cm resolution …
Climate As Assemblage: Imagining An Ecological Metaphysic, Andrea Rae Gammon
Climate As Assemblage: Imagining An Ecological Metaphysic, Andrea Rae Gammon
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Human interventions have resulted in striking changes to the global climate. I work from the understanding of anthropogenic climate change as the product of 250 years of emissions brought about through industrialization and continued by our fossil fuel economies and lifestyles. The instrumentalism of such activities can be traced back to our modern metaphysic, where inanimate matter becomes object and falls away from ‘man,’ the knowing, active subject. In this thesis, I specifically address how this division of passive object from active subject pervades our understanding of climate and conditions the ethics of our human responses to climate change. I …
Energy Controls On Diurnal Snowmelt Events And Stream Recharge, Lost Horse Canyon, Bitterroot Mountains, Mt, Brett Woelber
Energy Controls On Diurnal Snowmelt Events And Stream Recharge, Lost Horse Canyon, Bitterroot Mountains, Mt, Brett Woelber
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Streamflow and groundwater response to snowmelt in forested subalpine catchments carry integrated information about snowmelt events within the basin at different temporal scales. High frequency snowmelt events are often dominated by the day-night cycle, which is reflected in groundwater and streamflow dynamics. Prior studies have highlighted the importance of sub-daily streamflow fluctuations in these catchments for nutrient cycling, riparian aquifer pumping, and surface water availability. In studies that predict stream response to snowmelt or precipitation, sub-daily fluctuations in hillslope water storage are rarely considered as a tool to assess the role of hillslopes in moderating stream recharge from snowmelt runoff …
Is Gun Crime Learned? Social Learning Theory And Guns, Krista Pearl Caffrey
Is Gun Crime Learned? Social Learning Theory And Guns, Krista Pearl Caffrey
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
This study examines the relationship between specific childhood experiences and the use of guns in crime in a sample of incarcerated males in American prisons. Two specific childhood experiences are examined: exposure to violence in the home and exposure to guns in the home. Utilizing social learning theory, I argue that adult male felons who used guns in the commission of crimes will have had greater levels of exposure to violence and exposure to guns in their childhood home. Using a data set collected by sociologists James Wright and Peter Rossi, I conducted a binary logistic regression to determine the …
Opportunities And Constraints To Community Forest User Groups Participating In Redd+ Payment Programs In Nepal, Alexander Cuthbert Smith
Opportunities And Constraints To Community Forest User Groups Participating In Redd+ Payment Programs In Nepal, Alexander Cuthbert Smith
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
In response to global concern for the consequences of climate change, the United Nations’ Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) program was developed to support greenhouse gas emission reduction and carbon sequestration in developing countries. While still being developed around the world, in Nepal a REDD+ pilot project is being conducted with the involvement of the Nepali government’s Department of Forestry (DoF) and its community forestry program. The pilot project is called “REDD+ in Community Managed Forests in Nepal” (RCMFN). The commitment of Nepal’s government to carry out this project makes it an ideal location to study carbon …
Imagining Boundaries: (Post) Humanist Understandings And Ecological Ethics In The Fiction Of Margaret Atwood, Megan Kathleen Telligman
Imagining Boundaries: (Post) Humanist Understandings And Ecological Ethics In The Fiction Of Margaret Atwood, Megan Kathleen Telligman
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Atwood’s concern for the environment has spanned nearly the entirety of her career, informing her fears about the future and providing the grounding for her speculative fiction. In Atwood’s understanding, ecological ruin stems from human estrangement from the natural environment, an estrangement fortified by capitalism and consumerism in contemporary societies. Instead, she strives to situate the creative, imaginative human species within a larger natural order that inspires ethical treatment of the more-than-human world. Atwood attempts to provide us with a model of interconnection and respect for nature that we must imagine if we desire to avoid the apocalyptic future she …
Getting On Nicely In The Dark: The Perils And Rewards Of Annotating Ulysses, Barbara Nelson
Getting On Nicely In The Dark: The Perils And Rewards Of Annotating Ulysses, Barbara Nelson
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
The problem of how to provide useful contextual and extra-textual information to readers of Ulysses has vexed Joyceans for years. The debate has generated lively and opinionated discussions in print and at Joyce meetings, forums and listservs. On one side are scholars who argue for scaled-down annotations that present only basic information as simply as possible, minimizing the amount of interpretation involved. On the other side are the actual first-time readers, struggling to make sense of Joyce’s complex, highly allusive text, and willing to accept help wherever it may be found. The work of annotation is both complicated and enriched …
Performing At The Block: Scripting Early Modern Executions, Jennifer Lillian Lodine-Chaffey
Performing At The Block: Scripting Early Modern Executions, Jennifer Lillian Lodine-Chaffey
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
This thesis explores the executions of noble men and women in Tudor and early Jacobean England and the theatrical representations of executions that mirrored real life spectacles of deadly punishment. Historical scaffold confessions followed a formulaic pattern and condemned traitors performed their final moments before a crowd of witnesses with the power to judge the quality of the actor’s deportment, costuming and words. As a public stage, the scaffold allowed the traitor a chance to assert and define his or her own individuality in the face of death and formulaic requirements, which I outline in the first chapter. Dramatic representations …
The Damage Done, Kelly Beth Conde
The Damage Done, Kelly Beth Conde
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Conde, Kelly, M.A., Spring 2013 Journalism The Damage Done Chairperson: Dennis Swibold The water that ran from Helen Ricker’s faucet stank of rotten eggs and of chemicals. It ran orange and greasy. It stained her clothes and clung to her skin. Ricker lives on the Fort Peck Indian Reservation, three miles north of Poplar, Mont. From Ricker’s home, the oil wells from the East Poplar oilfields can be seen in the distance. Her water started to change in the early 1970’s, twenty years after the first oil well was drilled. It took about that long for the contamination from poorly …
The Archaeological Investigation Of Cedar Bark Basket Trees In Western Montana: Background, Methods, And Trial Study Of Culturally Modified Trees, Dean Sonneah Nicolai
The Archaeological Investigation Of Cedar Bark Basket Trees In Western Montana: Background, Methods, And Trial Study Of Culturally Modified Trees, Dean Sonneah Nicolai
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
This thesis explores the potential for archaeological investigations of culturally modified trees (CMTs) in the northern Rocky Mountain region of Western Montana. Culturally modified trees are considered to be living artifacts, representations of traditional culture, and a lasting physical manifestation of long term use by inhabitants. The goal of this thesis is to offer an archaeological perspective for investigation of cultural modifications of the cedar basket tree (Thuja plicata), and to contribute to the development of a method for inquiry and analysis. Two primary research questions were posed: How does the study of behavioral archaeology and the methodological approach presented …
Reconceiving Romantic Agency: A Question Concerning Its Extent, Richard Edward Swatek
Reconceiving Romantic Agency: A Question Concerning Its Extent, Richard Edward Swatek
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
This professional paper investigates and questions the extent to which romantic love is a matter of agency. Toward this end, I draw a distinction between two contrasting conceptions of romantic love—the “agent-external” conception and the “agent-centered” conception. In this paper I make the assumption that the agent-external conception is pervasive and commonplace in contemporary culture, and that it conceives of romantic love as being involuntary and without agency. My investigation then questions the accuracy of this agent-external conception by juxtaposing it with what I consider to be an agent-centered conception of romantic love. An agent-centered conception, I claim, conceives of …