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Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

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Relationship Of Self-Concept, Depression, Academic Estimation, And Online Social Networking In Adolescents, Jaime Rebekah Long Jan 2012

Relationship Of Self-Concept, Depression, Academic Estimation, And Online Social Networking In Adolescents, Jaime Rebekah Long

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

The present study investigated the relationship between academic self-concept, academic outcome confidence, and academic estimation in depressed and non-depressed adolescents, with a focus on gender differences. The study also included exploratory questions on online social networking (OSN) usage. Participants (N = 66) were 9th and 10th grade students from one high school, with 40 females and 26 males. Academic self-confidence and outcome confidence were measured with the Student Self-Concept Scale (SSCS) and depressive symptoms were measured with the Center for Epidemiological Studies’ Depression Scale for Children (CES-DC). Standardized test scores and grade point average (GPA) for each student were collected …


Rethinking Drought: Planning For Water Scarcity And Climate Variability In The Clark Fork Basin Of Montana, Molly Smith Jan 2012

Rethinking Drought: Planning For Water Scarcity And Climate Variability In The Clark Fork Basin Of Montana, Molly Smith

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

The purpose of this thesis is to capture experiences of past drought and concerns for future drought conditions in the Clark Fork River Basin of western Montana. These findings could be used to inform drought planning in the Clark Fork River Basin and to guide basin-wide drought planning in the American West. This thesis challenges the assumption of using drought to frame the issue of water deficiency. Deficiencies in precipitation, as a product of natural climate variability, have always existed and will always exist. Water scarcity, on the other hand, is when climate variability and human factors contribute to the …


Women's Views On Conservation-Based Income Generation And Women's Empowerment In Kwandu Conservancy In Caprivi, Namibia, Kathryn Elizabeth Khumalo Jan 2012

Women's Views On Conservation-Based Income Generation And Women's Empowerment In Kwandu Conservancy In Caprivi, Namibia, Kathryn Elizabeth Khumalo

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

While advocates of Community-Based Natural Resource Management (CBNRM) contend that this decentralized approach to natural resource management has higher potential for the distribution of conservation and social benefits throughout civil society than conventional protected area approaches, there is limited empirical research to confirm it, especially regarding goals and claims of gender empowerment. To assess the impact of CBNRM on women's empowerment, this research selected Kwandu Conservancy in Namibia's Caprivi Region for in-depth study, an area with a relatively long and nationally-praised experience with CBNRM. The research was organized around the following two questions: how do women residing in Kwandu Conservancy …


A Shift In Power, Breeana Clare Laughlin Jan 2012

A Shift In Power, Breeana Clare Laughlin

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

After almost 80 years of the Kerr Dam operating on reservation land, the Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes are preparing to become the sole owners of the dam in 2015. The takeover of Kerr Dam would mark a major milestone in a century-long battle of the Confederated Salish and Kootenai tribes to take back lost resources on native land. However, the tribes have a long to-do list to cross off before they can take over the dam including price negotiations, hiring and training workers and creating an energy company to market the power. While tribal representatives say the community will …


Structural, Thermochronological, And Stratigraphic Constraints On The Evolution Of The Clearwater Metamorphic Core Complex, Idaho, Victor Guevara Jan 2012

Structural, Thermochronological, And Stratigraphic Constraints On The Evolution Of The Clearwater Metamorphic Core Complex, Idaho, Victor Guevara

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

The Clearwater metamorphic core complex (CMCC) in northern Idaho is one of several core complexes in the northern Rocky Mountains that were exhumed in the early Eocene and is located in the middle of the dextral Lewis and Clark fault zone (LCFZ). The CMCC has been divided into two lithologically distinct zones: an internal zone that consists of Paleoproterozoic anorthosite and basement schist, and an external zone that consists of Archean to Paleoproterozoic intrusive bodies, basement metasediments, and metasediments of the Mesoproterozoic Belt Supergroup. This thesis is focused on constraining the stratigraphy and structural geology of the eastern external zone, …


Off Risking: Offender Risk Assessment And The Correctional Assessment And Intervention System, Eden Heeder Jan 2012

Off Risking: Offender Risk Assessment And The Correctional Assessment And Intervention System, Eden Heeder

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

In 2010 the State of Montana Department of Corrections (DOC) licensed the Correctional Assessment and Intervention System (CAIS) to address the high rate of recidivism among Co-occurring and Native American offenders. Montana DOC reported a significantly lower rate of revocation among the offenders assessed by the CAIS. Quantitative and Qualitative analyses were conducted to determine what aspects of the program facilitated the lower rates of revocation. Results of this analysis determined that several factors acting in concert contributed to the lower rates of revocation with the most meaningful contribution being that of rapport built between the probation officer and offender.


Ph Modulation Of Fibril Dissociation And Copper Binding Properties Of The Prion Protein, Xu Qi Jan 2012

Ph Modulation Of Fibril Dissociation And Copper Binding Properties Of The Prion Protein, Xu Qi

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

The cellular form of prion protein (PrPC) is a cell-surface glycoprotein attached to lipid rafts via its glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor. Conversion of PrPC to its "scrapie" conformer (PrPSc, the fibrillar form) constitutes the key event of the etiology of prion diseases. Fibril dissociation is necessary for efficient conversion and continued propagation of the disease state. Recent studies have revealed that conversion occurs along the endocytic pathway. To better understand the dissociation process, we have investigated the effect of low pH on the stability of recombinant prion fibrils. We show that under conditions that mimic the endocytic …


Private Property Owner Regard Of Hazard Fuel Mitigation In The Wildland Urban Interface, Jennifer Ann Martynuik Jan 2012

Private Property Owner Regard Of Hazard Fuel Mitigation In The Wildland Urban Interface, Jennifer Ann Martynuik

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

The objective of this research was to document and to analyze private property owner reasons and justifications for implementing, or not, the fire prevention effort of hazard fuel mitigation. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with 42 property owners in the forest proximate community of Seeley Lake, Montana. Using an interpretive approach and grounded theory methodology, the content analyses of transcribed interviews was completed for the purpose of capturing the variations in WUI property owner behaviors and viewpoints on hazard fuel mitigation. The property owners provided diverse reasons and nuanced justifications for their decisions. Hazard fuel mitigation was often undertaken for …


An Analysis Of Demographic And Socio-Economic Change In The Clark Fork Watershed Between 2000 And 2010, Benjamin C. Brewer Jan 2012

An Analysis Of Demographic And Socio-Economic Change In The Clark Fork Watershed Between 2000 And 2010, Benjamin C. Brewer

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Over the past several decades, noticeable socio-economic changes have occurred in the Rocky Mountain region of the United States, most notably with regard to rapid population growth and concurrent land development. Scholars find this to be characteristic of a transition from the Old West of resource production and extraction to a New West of landscape consumption. This thesis uses indicators of socio-economic changes associated with the New West such as rapid population growth caused by amenity migration to examine changes in the Clark Fork watershed between 2000 and 2010. Using census and economic data, several categories of demographic, economic, and …


An Effectiveness Evaluation Of Motivational Interviewing As An Addition To An Internet-Based Health Promotion Program For Vocational Rehabilitation Consumers, Casey Nicole Ruggiero Jan 2012

An Effectiveness Evaluation Of Motivational Interviewing As An Addition To An Internet-Based Health Promotion Program For Vocational Rehabilitation Consumers, Casey Nicole Ruggiero

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

People with disabilities (PWD) frequently experience preventable and/or manageable secondary health conditions such as weight problems, depression, and chronic pain (Jones & Bell, 2003; Seekins, Clay, & Ravesloot, 1994). Importantly, high rates of secondary conditions are correlated with low employment rates in Vocational Rehabilitation (VR) consumers (Ipsen, Seekins, & Ravesloot, 2010; Ipsen, Seekins, & Arnold, 2011). Thus, one pathway to improving employment outcomes in rehabilitation programs may involve enhancing health through the reduction of limiting secondary conditions (Ipsen, 2006; Ipsen et al., 2010). This pilot study tested whether the addition of telephone-based Motivational Interviewing (HPE+MI) to Health Plans for Employment …


Bison Conservation In The Northern Great Plains, Michel Thomas Kohl Jan 2012

Bison Conservation In The Northern Great Plains, Michel Thomas Kohl

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Temperate grasslands are the least protected ecosystem in the world. In North America, only < 4% of tallgrass prairie, 64% of mixed-grass prairie, and 66% of shortgrass prairie are intact. Historically, grazing played an important role in maintaining prairie landscapes through nutrient cycling and the diversification of vegetation structure and composition. Within grasslands, the plains bison (Bos bison) was the most numerous and influential grazer. However, by 1900 bison were reduced to ¡Ü 1,000 animals throughout North America. Today, bison are scattered throughout their historical range, numbering > 500,000 individuals. Recent questions have surfaced regarding the success of this effort, however, because < 21,000 plains bison are managed as conservation herds (n = 62) and 8% of those herds are managed on areas of > 2,000 km2. In addition, >100,000,000 cattle now graze rangelands in the U.S. and Canada leading to questions regarding the ecological significance of replacing bison with livestock. Our objectives were to increase knowledge regarding the ecological similarities between bison and cattle, and to determine how both species can be managed to mimic ecological patterns that approximate historical bison populations. We used behavioral observations, movement analyses, and Resource Selection Function (RSF) analyses too quantify …


Capitalism, Contraception And Chemicals: A Medical Anthropological Analysis Of The Premature Sexual Development Epidemic In Puerto Rican Females, Holly Lynn Horan Jan 2012

Capitalism, Contraception And Chemicals: A Medical Anthropological Analysis Of The Premature Sexual Development Epidemic In Puerto Rican Females, Holly Lynn Horan

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

An Investigation of Etiologies: The Biosocial Exploration of Premature Sexual Development in Puerto Rico Objective: The purpose of this study was to argue for an anthropological approach in the investigation of the world’s highest recorded prevalence of precocious puberty and premature thelarche that occurred in Puerto Rico in the late 1970s. After 30 years of biomedical research, definite etiologies of this epidemic remain unknown; prompting for a more dynamic, biosocial approach in studying this pediatric health phenomenon. Methods: This research began with a literature review of mixed-methods data. Literature sources were segmented by qualitative and quantitative methods. Each source was …


College Dating Couples' Use Of Conflict Management During A Prisoner's Dilemma Task: An Exploratory Study, Kristen E. Waldemayer Jan 2012

College Dating Couples' Use Of Conflict Management During A Prisoner's Dilemma Task: An Exploratory Study, Kristen E. Waldemayer

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Dating violence that occurs in young college-aged couples is unique when compared to other types of violence. Aggression occurring in these couples is often bidirectional, highly impacted by situational stressors, and perpetrated by both males and females at relatively equal rates. Most importantly, dating aggression occurs within a developmental context when individuals are attempting to balance autonomy and intimacy within their relationships. However, little is known about conflict management within dating couples or if conflict management processes differ substantially for aggressive and non-aggressive dating couples. Although there has been extensive research in marital processes in conflict, only recently have researchers …


Coming To The Surface: The Environment, Health, And Culture In Butte, Montana, Stacie Lynn Barry Jan 2012

Coming To The Surface: The Environment, Health, And Culture In Butte, Montana, Stacie Lynn Barry

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Butte is a small town in southwest Montana that was profoundly shaped by over a century of mining and smelting activities. Today, Butte is a post-industrial city that is the focal point of America's largest Superfund site as well as the nation's largest National Historic District. There are two types of remediation occurring in Butte: environmental and cultural. Environmental remediation occurs throughout the city, most notably at the operable units of the Butte Superfund sites. This remediation does not restore the environment to its original state but instead reclaims it to a level of risk deemed acceptable by the EPA. …


Composition, Distribution, And Conservation Of The Herpetofauna Of Santa Barbara Mountain, Honduras, Alicia Marie Ward Jan 2012

Composition, Distribution, And Conservation Of The Herpetofauna Of Santa Barbara Mountain, Honduras, Alicia Marie Ward

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Santa Barbara Mountain is an important and unique ecosystem in Honduras because of its topography and high proportion of endemic species. Despite its prospects for valuable discoveries and the profusion of threats to its biodiversity, there is almost no scientific information about Santa Barbara Mountain. This study is the first systematic investigation of hepetofauna species on the mountain. Research objectives included inventorying of the reptile and amphibian species present on Santa Barbara Mountain, identifying locations and microhabitat types where each species can be found, and determining if the amphibian disease chytridiomycosis is present and in which locations. A community education …


Consequences Of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Activation In Steady-State And Inflammatory Dendritic Cells, Thomas Simones Jan 2012

Consequences Of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Activation In Steady-State And Inflammatory Dendritic Cells, Thomas Simones

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a steroid-like transcription factor that mediates the toxicity of various environmental pollutants, including 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and TCDD-like compounds. Exposure to environmentally relevant levels of TCDD and TCDD congeners has been shown to cause immune suppression, yet the mechanisms underlying TCDD-induced immune suppression remain poorly understood. Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen presenting cells (APCs) that play an integral role in both innate and adaptive immune responses. DCs constitutively express AhR and represent a highly sensitive immune cell population to AhR activation by environmental pollutants. In a murine inflammatory bone marrow-derived DC (BMDC) model, AhR …


Developing Guiding Options For Educational Curriculum For Public Administrators In Tajikistan, Oleg Salimov Jan 2012

Developing Guiding Options For Educational Curriculum For Public Administrators In Tajikistan, Oleg Salimov

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Since freeing itself from the autocratic control of the former Communist regime, the republic of Tajikistan has confronted numerous problems of underdevelopment which threaten to sink the republic in a new wave of authoritarianism and misery. Implementing democratic reforms aimed at modernizing a developing country requires a cadre of competent and professionally trained public administrators who understand and are committed to basic democratic values and sound administrative principles. Unfortunately, such a cadre does not now exist in Tajikistan and no educational program has yet been introduced to develop such a cadre. The answer does not lie in attempting to transfer …


Fire-On-Fire Interactions In Three Large Wilderness Areas, Casey Teske Jan 2012

Fire-On-Fire Interactions In Three Large Wilderness Areas, Casey Teske

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Current knowledge about wildfire occurrence is not complete. Fire researchers and managers hold the assumption that previous wildfires affect subsequent wildfires; however, research regarding the interactions of large wildfires at their common boundaries is missing from the literature. This research focuses on understanding the influence of previous large wildfires on subsequent large wildfires in three wilderness areas: The Greater Bob Marshall, the Selway-Bitterroot, and the Frank Church. Data from the Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity (MTBS) project, which mapped large wildfires in the western United States occurring since 1984, are used for the research. The combination of using wilderness areas …


Forgotten Sepulchers: The Uninscribed Tombs In The Valley Of The Kings In Luxor, Egypt, Roselyn Campbell Jan 2012

Forgotten Sepulchers: The Uninscribed Tombs In The Valley Of The Kings In Luxor, Egypt, Roselyn Campbell

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

The elaborately decorated tombs in the Valley of the Kings in Luxor, Egypt, have captured the imagination of scholars and tourists alike for thousands of years. Yet despite the attention lavished on these tombs, they are outnumbered in the Valley of the Kings uninscribed tombs that have been largely ignored. Excavations in several of the uninscribed tombs have demonstrated that although their walls may be bare, the tombs are certainly not empty, and a variety of finds ranging from scattered funerary objects and human remains to several nearly intact burials of high officials have been uncovered. This thesis will assemble …


Geoarchaeological Assessment Of Horseshoe Cave (24rb1094, Rosebud County, Montana, Norman Bernard Smyers Jan 2012

Geoarchaeological Assessment Of Horseshoe Cave (24rb1094, Rosebud County, Montana, Norman Bernard Smyers

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Horseshoe Cave is located south of Ashland, Montana and at the northern end of the Powder River Basin. Its earliest documented human use and occupation dates to 2,000 years before the present. Evidence of that past use and occupation includes diagnostic bone and stone tools, hearth features and animal remains. The geoarchaeological investigation of this sandstone cave site reveals the cave host rocks to be sandstones of the Tongue River Member of the Early Tertiary Fort Union Formation. Results of the geoarchaeological inquiry demonstrate that a difference in the calcite cementation between the two host sandstone units is the leading …


How Ch-Paa-Qn Got It's Name: A Sixth-Grade Geography Curriculum Unit For Indian Education For All In Montana, Mary Elizabeth Nellis Jan 2012

How Ch-Paa-Qn Got It's Name: A Sixth-Grade Geography Curriculum Unit For Indian Education For All In Montana, Mary Elizabeth Nellis

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Nellis, Mary, M.A., Summer 2013 Geography How Ch-Paa-Qn Got Its Name: A Sixth-Grade Geography Curriculum Unit for Indian Education for All in Montana Chair: Sarah J. Halvorson This thesis reports on the design and implementation of a sixth-grade geography curriculum based on Montana House Bill 412 (HB412), a bill whereby the legislature mandated the removal of the word “squaw” from public places in Montana. The framework for this unit is founded on place-based education principles and is tailored to fit within the concepts of Indian Education for All as mandated in the Montana State Constitution. Furthermore, as a place-based unit …


Improving Patient-Provider Communication In The Health Care Context, Charlotte M. Glidden Jan 2012

Improving Patient-Provider Communication In The Health Care Context, Charlotte M. Glidden

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

The following study focuses on ways in which health care providers seem to competently breaking bad news to patients that are college age (18-25yrs old). Breaking bad news is an inevitable and daunting part of working in the health care profession. Delivering this type of news to college age students could occur more frequently than with other cohorts. Buckman (1992) presents methodology for teaching breaking bad news to health care providers in the form of the SPIKES model, which are similar to the identified “essential elements” of communication in medical encounters described by communication scholars (Makoul, 2001). Several interviews were …


Diagnosis Threat In A Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Population, Haley Gail Trontel Jan 2012

Diagnosis Threat In A Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Population, Haley Gail Trontel

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

The present study examined the effect of diagnosis threat on neuropsychological test performance. Forty-nine participants with a history of mTBI were randomly assigned to either a Diagnosis Threat group or a Control group. The Diagnosis Threat group was told that they were selected to participate based on their history of head injury and that they might expect to perform more poorly on testing. Participants in the Control group were told to perform to the best of their ability. It was hypothesized that individuals who had a history of mild Traumatic Brain Injury (mTBI) made salient prior to testing (Diagnosis Threat …


Down Low Under The Big Sky, Amee Marie Schwitters Jan 2012

Down Low Under The Big Sky, Amee Marie Schwitters

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Often synonymous with the rural environment is a sense of a heteronormativity and pervasive homophobia. Despite stories of gay men fleeing rural, conservative areas for larger, more accepting cities, not all men have chosen to leave. Some have chosen to quietly maintain their identity, modifying their sexual schemata in response to the desire to stay within the rural cultural environment. It is known that homophobia and stigmatization of same-sex sexual acts regulate a person's ability to be open about their sexual encounters, but exactly how they influence the daily lives of down low men who have sex with men (MSM) …


The Relationship Between Principal Support And Teacher Retention In Hard To Staff Schools, Amy Lee Hughes Jan 2012

The Relationship Between Principal Support And Teacher Retention In Hard To Staff Schools, Amy Lee Hughes

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

This dissertation examines the relationship between principal support and retention of teachers in hard to staff schools. The purpose of this study was to, (a) to determine the relationship between teacher retention and principal support, (b) to examine the perception of support between teachers and principals and how these perceptions affect teacher retention in hard to staff schools, and (c) to discover if there is a correlation between the principal's supports and teacher retention. Within these school environments, the participants were both administrators and teachers who are employed in the sample schools. Findings in this study verified information found within …


Psychometric Evaluations Of An Acculturation Scale And An Acculturation Stress Scale With American Indian University Students, Michael Brian Trahan Jan 2012

Psychometric Evaluations Of An Acculturation Scale And An Acculturation Stress Scale With American Indian University Students, Michael Brian Trahan

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Acculturation and acculturation stress are constructs studied with various minority groups. This study tests the factor loadings for both the Native American Acculturation Scale (N.A.A.S.) and the Social, Attitudinal, Familial, and Environmental Acculturation Stress Scale (S.A.F.E.), as well as the reliability of these measures with American Indian undergraduate and graduate students in a university setting. The first hypothesis was that the factor loadings of the N.A.A.S. with this sample would not resemble the original factor structure found by Garrett and Pichette (2000). It was also believed that the N.A.A.S. would exhibit robust reliability with this sample, based upon a previous, …


Paraffin: An Economic And Ecological Alternative For Bone Conservation, Victoria E. Luksha Jan 2011

Paraffin: An Economic And Ecological Alternative For Bone Conservation, Victoria E. Luksha

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Fragile bone materials are ubiquitous in archaeological museum and forensic settings. Although there are many chemical and industrial options for conservation, these may adversely affect the bone objects undergoing preservative treatment. Here, paraffin is explored as a biologically friendly alternative to bone material conservation. Modern domestic pig ribs were subjected to paraffin treatment and then to isotopic analysis to quantify and investigate the chemical effects of paraffin. Although the results showed that paraffin had a limited impact, the sample size proved too small to display the definitive parameters of paraffin’s effects. The results were nevertheless compelling enough to warrant more …


The Columbia Gardens Amusement Park: Company Sponsored Community In Butte, Montana, Matthew R. Carl Jan 2011

The Columbia Gardens Amusement Park: Company Sponsored Community In Butte, Montana, Matthew R. Carl

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

In 1899, William A. Clark, one of Butte, Montana’s famous “Copper Kings,” purchased 21 acres of land east of Butte, on which he created the Columbia Gardens amusement park. Clark ran his park at personal expense, refusing to charge admission and regularly offering special deals so that Butte residents, particularly children, could enjoy the park. After Clark’s death in 1925, his estate sold most of his Montana holdings, including the Columbia Gardens, to the Anaconda Copper Mining Company in 1928. Without the sentimental attachment to the park that Clark had had, the fact that the Columbia Gardens was not created …


Effects Of Stereotype Activation On Self-Concepts: Differences Between Native American & Caucasian College Students, Laura R. John Jan 2011

Effects Of Stereotype Activation On Self-Concepts: Differences Between Native American & Caucasian College Students, Laura R. John

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Prior research has shown that when individuals are exposed to stereotype activation (SA) mechanisms, such as priming, their subsequent behavior often conforms to stereotypical expectations. Previous studies have focused on measuring stereotype activation primarily with manipulations of task completion after subjects are exposed to a prime. This study intended to expand the current research by exploring the effect of SA on an individual’s self-concept. Research was conducted with Native American and Caucasian college students using an ethnicity salient questionnaire as a means of SA. Participants then completed self-report measurements associated with Native American stereotypes. It was hypothesized that priming Native …


Synthesis Of NB-Aryl-Aspartamides, NA-Arylamide-Aspartates, And Hydroxy-L-Proline Derivatives As Inhibitors Of Amino Acid Transport For Evaluating The Glutamine / Glutamate Cycle, Brent Russell Lyda Jan 2011

Synthesis Of NB-Aryl-Aspartamides, NA-Arylamide-Aspartates, And Hydroxy-L-Proline Derivatives As Inhibitors Of Amino Acid Transport For Evaluating The Glutamine / Glutamate Cycle, Brent Russell Lyda

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

The glutamate / glutamine cycle is most traditionally described as the recycling of L-glutamate and L-glutamine via a concerted effort by a variety of cell membrane spanning amino acid transporters and amino acid converting enzymes, glutaminase and glutamine synthetase. This work details the design and synthesis of amino acid analogs, based off of an L-aspartate or L-proline scaffold, to be evaluated as inhibitors of the amino acid transporters ASCT (subtypes 1 & 2) and the excitatory amino acid transporters EAATs (subtypes 1-3), both involved in the glutamate / glutamine cycle. Furthermore, we have identified a number of potent substrate and …