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Articles 181 - 210 of 448
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Getting Real About Race And Prisoner Rights, Michael B. Mushlin, Naomi Roslyn Galtz
Getting Real About Race And Prisoner Rights, Michael B. Mushlin, Naomi Roslyn Galtz
Fordham Urban Law Journal
This Article explores the connection between the dramatic increases in the incarceration of non-whites and the parallel decline in the legal protections for prisoners over the same period. Using the social sciences, the Article suggests that racial tensions play a role in the decisions made by both guards and prison administrators. Further, the authors argue that the communities of these non-white prisoners are the least well equipped to advocate for their well-being. Ultimately, the Article concludes that the law is not currently equipped to confront the possibility of dealing with race-based tensions and structural inequities that are present in the …
Eighth Amedment Gaps: Can Conditions Of Confinement Litigation Benefit From Proportionality Theory?, Alexander A. Reinert
Eighth Amedment Gaps: Can Conditions Of Confinement Litigation Benefit From Proportionality Theory?, Alexander A. Reinert
Fordham Urban Law Journal
This Article focuses on two separate issues deriving from the Eighth Amendment's "cruel and unusual punishment" clause. Specifically, it discusses classic conditions of confinement litigation and sentencing proportionality litigation. Confinement litigation includes cases challenging the lived experiences of prisoners such as overcrowding, excessive force, failure to provide adequate medical care, and deprivation of material needs. Sentencing proportionality litigation involves challenges to the length of a prison sentence or mode of punishment. The Article, unlike modern contemporary scholarship, attempts to draw connections between each doctrinal area, ultimately suggesting ways in which proportionality litigation can invigorate conditions litigation. Part I consists of …
The Path Of Mentally Ill Offenders, William J. Rich
The Path Of Mentally Ill Offenders, William J. Rich
Fordham Urban Law Journal
Beginning with the premise that both the number and percentage of mentally ill inmates as sharply risen in recent years, this Article explores the path of mentally ill offenders in the American criminal justice system. It seeks to identify points of relief from the current crisis, in which a recent report stated that over 40% of state prisoners reported symptoms that met the criteria for mania. The challenge is exacerbated by the fact that prisons now provide a large share of the mental health treatment in the United States, taxing the resources of even the most progressive correctional systems. Part …
Public Rights, Global Perspectives, And Common Law, Martha F. Davis
Public Rights, Global Perspectives, And Common Law, Martha F. Davis
Fordham Urban Law Journal
This Article sets out the case that common law adjudication involving such claims as contractual breaches, wrongful termination, and tort can be, and often are, public rights litigation. Many common law decisions have significant impacts in the community, and—because of the nature of precedent—become quickly embedded in the law where they contribute to the outcomes of future cases as well. Common law cases are a particularly important aspect of public rights litigation because of the paucity of constitutional protections for economic and social rights. In the absence of constitutional protections for such rights, rigorous enforcement of common law claims addressing …
A "New Beginning" For Adolescents In Our Criminal Justice System, Judith S. Kaye
A "New Beginning" For Adolescents In Our Criminal Justice System, Judith S. Kaye
Fordham Urban Law Journal
As I step away from the bench, I am feeling more than ever what Dr. Martin Luther King called “the fierce urgency of now.” Now is the time for all of us who care about justice in this country to roll up our sleeves and get to work. We may be in a moment of crisis, but as the saying goes, a crisis is a terrible thing to waste. We urgently need to change our focus from jails and prisons to treatment, education, job training. So where is the “new beginning”? The “new beginning” is not a search for new …
Deconstructing The Pipeline: Evaluating School-To-Prison Pipeline Equal Protection Cases Through A Structural Racism Framework, Chauncee D. Smith
Deconstructing The Pipeline: Evaluating School-To-Prison Pipeline Equal Protection Cases Through A Structural Racism Framework, Chauncee D. Smith
Fordham Urban Law Journal
No abstract provided.
Challenges Facing Society In The Implementation Of The Death Penalty, Fernando J. Gaitan
Challenges Facing Society In The Implementation Of The Death Penalty, Fernando J. Gaitan
Fordham Urban Law Journal
No abstract provided.
The Hippocratic Paradox: The Role Of The Medical Profession In Capital Punishment In The United States, Jonathan I. Groner
The Hippocratic Paradox: The Role Of The Medical Profession In Capital Punishment In The United States, Jonathan I. Groner
Fordham Urban Law Journal
No abstract provided.
The Attorney-Client Privilege Protection Act: The Prospect Of Congressional Intervention Into The Department Of Justice's Corporate Charging Policy, Andrew Gilman
Fordham Urban Law Journal
This Note analyzes the Privilege Protection Act, focusing on how it might change corporate white-collar prosecutions. Part I of this Note explores the mechanics of the corporate privilege, the development of the DOJ's waiver policy, and the structure of the Privilege Protection Act. Part II addresses the conflicting views on whether the Privilege Protection Act will bolster corporate attorney-client privilege, provide for the effective and efficient prosecution of white-collar crime, and promote ethical prosecutorial practices. Finally, Part III argues that the Privilege Protection Act is a misguided attempt to correct a greater systemic problem with the corporate attorney-client privilege and …
Barriers To Participation: Challenges Faced By Members Of Underrepresented Racial And Ethnic Groups In Entering, Remaining, And Advancing In The Adr Field, Maria R. Volpe, Robert A. Baruch Bush, Gene A. Johnson, Jr., Christopher M. Kwok
Barriers To Participation: Challenges Faced By Members Of Underrepresented Racial And Ethnic Groups In Entering, Remaining, And Advancing In The Adr Field, Maria R. Volpe, Robert A. Baruch Bush, Gene A. Johnson, Jr., Christopher M. Kwok
Fordham Urban Law Journal
This Article discusses research aimed to understand barriers to participation of underrepresented racial and ethnic groups in ADR practices. The research includes ADR in and around New York City. The article discusses methodology, challenges of the research, preliminary findings, remedies, future research, and the significance of the findings. Universal and specific barriers include: (i) informational and professional; (ii) social, institutional, and cultural; and (iii) economic. The authors encourages future research of barriers affecting underrepresented groups and emphasizes the need to reduce these barriers.
Securing Online Transactions: Crime Prevention Is The Key, Michael Ena
Securing Online Transactions: Crime Prevention Is The Key, Michael Ena
Fordham Urban Law Journal
This Comment illustrates how government regulation, criminal justice, private legal actions, and market forces contribute to the security of online transactions. Further, it argues that government regulation aimed at the prevention of cybercrime should be the primary focus of the efforts to improve online security. Ultimately, the Comment argues that as more businesses more online, securing online transactions becomes more critical to protect against fraud, to cut off source of illegal income for organized crime and terrorists, and to ensure the future growth of the national economy.
The Lethal Injection Debate: Law And Science, Deborah W. Denno
The Lethal Injection Debate: Law And Science, Deborah W. Denno
Fordham Urban Law Journal
No abstract provided.
Methods Of Execution And Their Effect On The Use Of The Death Penalty In The United States, Richard C. Dieter
Methods Of Execution And Their Effect On The Use Of The Death Penalty In The United States, Richard C. Dieter
Fordham Urban Law Journal
No abstract provided.
Anomalies: Ritual And Language In Lethal Injection Regulations, Leigh B. Bienen
Anomalies: Ritual And Language In Lethal Injection Regulations, Leigh B. Bienen
Fordham Urban Law Journal
No abstract provided.
Nonparty Remote Electronic Access To Plea Agreements In The Second Circuit, David L. Snyder
Nonparty Remote Electronic Access To Plea Agreements In The Second Circuit, David L. Snyder
Fordham Urban Law Journal
Widespread electronic access to case files gives rise to security concerns previously unrealized in the era of paper records. As the United States Department of Justice noted, the emergence of a "cottage industry" of websites that republish court filings online for the purposes of witness intimidation, retaliation, and harassment poses "a grave risk of harm" to cooperating witnesses and defendants. Accordingly, the benefits associated with remote electronic availability and dissemination of judicial documents may come at a considerable cost. This Note describes the options that district courts within the Second Circuit could implement to mitigate these concerns. Part I of …
Restorative Justice: How Law Schools Can Help Heal Their Communities, Rachel King
Restorative Justice: How Law Schools Can Help Heal Their Communities, Rachel King
Fordham Urban Law Journal
This Essay argues that the justice system should establish a parallel system, using restorative justice, designed to "heal" those individuals affected by crime, but who are not the victim, i.e. the victim's family. Additionally, the author proposes that law schools should help develop this parallel system.
Judicial Performance Review: A Balance Between Judicial Independence And Public Accountability, Jean E. Dubofsky
Judicial Performance Review: A Balance Between Judicial Independence And Public Accountability, Jean E. Dubofsky
Fordham Urban Law Journal
This article discusses judicial appointment and judicial independence in Colorado. The article argues that in Colorado, the independence of the judiciary needs to be protected, perhaps more than at any other time in the state’s history. While public accountability is important, it is achieved through the executive and legislative branches of the government. The courts function best if judges are free to decide each case without regard to how the general public might put a thumb on the scales of justice. To the degree that judicial performance commissions can protect judicial independence, while providing voters in retention elections with sufficient …
A Comparison Of The Criminal Appellate Decisions Of Appointed State Supreme Courts: Insights, Questions, And Implications For Judicial Independence, Aman L. Mcleod
Fordham Urban Law Journal
This Article presents the results of a study conducted to see whether state supreme courts selected in states with dissimilar appointment systems differ in the way they decide criminal appeals. Comparing the criminal decisions of courts selected with different appointment systems may also suggest something about how different appointment systems impact judicial independence.
Re-Conceptualizing Poverty Law Clinical Curriculum And Legal Services Practice: The Need For Generalists, Jonel Newman
Re-Conceptualizing Poverty Law Clinical Curriculum And Legal Services Practice: The Need For Generalists, Jonel Newman
Fordham Urban Law Journal
This Essay argues that law schools should adopt a program for training more legal generalists, especially in the field of poverty law. Furthermore, poverty law clinics should be the vehicle used to train these generalists.
Achieving Better Outcomes For Litigants In The New York State Courts, Chief Administative Judge Jonathan Lippman
Achieving Better Outcomes For Litigants In The New York State Courts, Chief Administative Judge Jonathan Lippman
Fordham Urban Law Journal
Remarks at the Inaguargal Fordham Dispute Reolution Society Symposium "ADR as a Tool for Achieving Social Justice."
Undermining Individual And Collective Citizenship: The Impact Of The Exclusion Laws On The African-American Community, S. David Mitchell
Undermining Individual And Collective Citizenship: The Impact Of The Exclusion Laws On The African-American Community, S. David Mitchell
Fordham Urban Law Journal
The purpose of this Article is to demonstrate that felon exclusion laws are not race neutral and that the application of the laws has a racially discriminatory effect, and to call for their abolition. The laws contribute to the erosion of citizenship rights for the individual African-American ex-felon, and the undermining of the collective citizenship rights of the larger African-American community. Part II discusses the conceptualization of citizenship that underscores the premise of the Article. Part III discusses the exclusions that ex-felons encounter and the resulting impact on the individual and the community. Using Alabama as a case study, Part …
Lessons Unlearned: Women Offenders, The Ethics Of Care, And The Promise Of Restorative Justice, Marie A. Failinger
Lessons Unlearned: Women Offenders, The Ethics Of Care, And The Promise Of Restorative Justice, Marie A. Failinger
Fordham Urban Law Journal
This article focuses on the reality that women's relationality, and particularly their relationships with men in their lives, profoundly affects the behavior that lands them in the criminal justice system. The author argues that restorative justice, which is essentially grounded on an ethical understanding of crime and treats the offender an as interacting subject/agent, is a necessary avenue of response to most women offenders' crimes, and that corrections must go beyond a psychological approach that treats crimes as a form of illness, or a systematic model which attempts primarily to rectify deficits in women's social situation.
Miranda, Please Report To The Principal's Office, Meg Penrose
Miranda, Please Report To The Principal's Office, Meg Penrose
Fordham Urban Law Journal
This Article addresses whether Miranda v. Arizona should apply to students interrogated by school officials during school hours. First, the article provides a brief overview of the law of minors and confessions. Next, it considers the increasing law enforcement presence on our school campuses and evaluates how this presence affects the role of school officials. Finally, the high level of cooperation between law enforcement and school officials in criminal law enforcement is considered to determine whether Miranda should apply in the principal's office.
Revisiting Anna Moscowitz's Kross's Critique Of New York City's Women's Court: The Continued Problem Of Solving The "Problem" Of Prostitution With Specialized Criminal Courts, Mae C. Quinn
Fordham Urban Law Journal
This article explores New York City's non-traditional, judicially based response to prostitution. This article first recounts the history of New York City’s Women’s Court. It then examines the work of the Midtown Community Court, the “problem-solving court” established in 1993 to address criminal issues, like prostitution, in Midtown Manhattan. It also discusses the renewed concerns about sex work in New York and describe the movement, propelled by modern reformers, to address prostitution through specialty courts. It then contrasts the shared features and attributes of the Women’s Court and Midtown Court models. Finally, the article urges modern reformers to step back …
No Penis, No Problem, Kay L. Levine
No Penis, No Problem, Kay L. Levine
Fordham Urban Law Journal
Over the past century and a half, the gendered essence of statutory rape has become deeply embedded in the purpose of the statute, extending its tentacles far beyond the statutory language, such that we can no longer extricate the male-on-female image from the formal law's requirements for prosecution. The reality of statutory rape is, however, far more complex than the traditional gender construct implies. Female sex abusers and male victims exist, in substantial numbers and varieties. Part I documents the statutory rape law's gendered essence, explaining the formal law's traditional gendered classification scheme, the Supreme Court's approval of that approach, …
Sex Before Violence: Girls, Dating Violence, And (Perceived) Sexual Autonomy, Cheryl Hanna
Sex Before Violence: Girls, Dating Violence, And (Perceived) Sexual Autonomy, Cheryl Hanna
Fordham Urban Law Journal
This article explores the phenomenon of girl violence by examining teen dating violence and girls' experiences with intimate abuse both as victims and as perpetrators. While there is a tendency to view women's experiences as victims of violence as separate and distinct from their experiences as victims of violence, the two phenomena are interrelated. A girl's violent victimization can lead her to victimize someone else, just as her own violence can lead her to violent victimization. These conversations about young women and sexual behavior are especially important for lawyers and advocates. While the implementation of legal strategies such as civil …
The Construction Of Pregnant Drug-Using Women As Criminal Perpetrators, Nancy D. Campbell
The Construction Of Pregnant Drug-Using Women As Criminal Perpetrators, Nancy D. Campbell
Fordham Urban Law Journal
Despite clear lack of intent to harm those whom they carry, drug-using pregnant women have been constructed de facto criminal perpetrators. However, drug use falls short of being prima facie evidence of intent to harm, particularly in social circumstances where drug-using economics are endemic. The cases in this article signal the limits of tolerance and the increasingly conditional nature of public welfare provision by raising the specter of a generation of urban mothers - and grandmothers - unable to care for their kids. These cases also reflect the policy-making role into which hospitals and the courts have stepped in the …
Rare & Inconsistent: The Death Penalty For Women, Victor L. Streib
Rare & Inconsistent: The Death Penalty For Women, Victor L. Streib
Fordham Urban Law Journal
Previous studies of the national landscape around the death penalty for women have identified and analyzed past themes and issues.22 This Article brings the analysis current through 2005, beginning with a reprise of the conversations about gender bias and disparity in the death penalty system. It appears that female offenders have always been treated differently from male offenders in the death penalty system, sometimes for reasons that are easily justifiable but too often simply because of sex bias. The next section of this Article explores the current death penalty era, identifying those women who have been sentenced to death, those …
Sexual Abuse Of Women In United States Prisons: A Modern Corollary Of Slavery, Brenda V. Smith
Sexual Abuse Of Women In United States Prisons: A Modern Corollary Of Slavery, Brenda V. Smith
Fordham Urban Law Journal
This paper addresses the sexual abuse of women in custody as a more contemporary manifestation of slavery. Part II situates the sexual abuse of women in custody and women slaves in their historical context. Part II also charts the creation of the first penitentiaries in the United States and the "Reform Movement," led by Quaker women who were also involved in the abolition movement, and later in the suffrage movement. It further examines the impact that women's entry into male prisons as workers in the 1970s and 1980s - pursuant to Title VII - had on the sexual abuse of …
A Lie For A Lie: False Confessions And The Case For Reconsidering The Legality Of Deceptive Interrogation Techniques, Miriam S. Gohara
A Lie For A Lie: False Confessions And The Case For Reconsidering The Legality Of Deceptive Interrogation Techniques, Miriam S. Gohara
Fordham Urban Law Journal
This Article reviews the law on deceptive interrogation practices, discusses empirical evidence of the role police deception plays in eliciting false confessions and argues that the law should circumscribe interrogation techniques that rely on misrepresentation to induce suspects into incriminating themselves. This Article also asserts that there are good policy reasons, in addition to the increasing exposure of wrongful convictions, which should encourage courts and legislators to proscribe the use of deception by law enforcement in a criminal justice system expressly designed to elicit the truth about a crime.