Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Digital Commons Network™

Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Florida Historical Quarterly

Articles 211 - 240 of 329

Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network

The White Flag, Florida Historical Society Apr 2021

The White Flag, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

In the long history of the American Indians no name is more widely known than Osceola. At the time of his death especially, he was talked of throughout the entire country. Towns in a score of states were named for him, and there are three counties which bear his name - in Iowa, Michigan, and Florida. This was largely because of a small piece of white cloth: the violation of a flag of truce under the orders of General Jesup, then in command of the Army in Florida. Standing under the white flag, Osceola was seized, imprisoned, and died soon …


Notes On Modern Seminole Traditions Of Osceola, William C. Sturtevant Apr 2021

Notes On Modern Seminole Traditions Of Osceola, William C. Sturtevant

Florida Historical Quarterly

Romantic interest among whites in the figure of Osceola began even before his death, and has continued ever since. His abilities as a warrior, his dramatic flair, and the well publicized circumstances of his capture and of his death in captivity soon thereafter, account for this interest. Many who know nothing else about the Seminole know Osceola’s name and some of the white folklore about him. He is almost certain to crop up in casual questioning of the Seminole today by tourists and others. On one occasion, I was present when a customer asked a leading Seminole enterpreneur in his …


Cuban Bloodhounds And The Seminoles, James W. Covington Apr 2021

Cuban Bloodhounds And The Seminoles, James W. Covington

Florida Historical Quarterly

Throughout history man has made use of animals in his warfare. During the Middle Ages the “Man on horseback” gained many victories against those on foot who opposed him and it was not until the effective use of the long bow and gun powder that the foot soldier could hold his own in combat. The first animal that European man domesticated was the dog. Even as late as World War II canines of several breeds were used by both sides to guard against surprise attack and to track down fleeing foes and prisoners.


The Marine Forces Of William Augustus Bowles And His State Of Muskogee, Lyle N. Mcalister Apr 2021

The Marine Forces Of William Augustus Bowles And His State Of Muskogee, Lyle N. Mcalister

Florida Historical Quarterly

Among the host of adventurers, dreamers, filibusters and trouble-makers who have added drama to the pages of Florida history, William Augustus Bowles yields to none. Among his enemies, and these were in the majority, he was referred to by epithets ranging from the relatively mild “that fellow Bowles” to the more emphatic “vagabond,” “desperado,” “Black Guard,” “Captain Liar,” and “desperate vile adventurer.” Among his friends and admirers he was known variously as “Beloved Warrior,” “Captain,” “General,” and “Director General.” In the pursuit of his designs Bowles dreamed great dreams, performed remarkable feats of derring-do, executed spectacular escapes, and by a …


Barcia’S History Of Florida, Albert C. Manucy Apr 2021

Barcia’S History Of Florida, Albert C. Manucy

Florida Historical Quarterly

This volume is a translation of the noted Ensayo Cronologico, or Chronological Essay on the General History of Florida, Containing the Discoveries and principal events which came to pass in this Vast Kingdom, touching the Spanish, French, Swedish, Danish, English, and other Nations, as between themselves and with the Indians whose Customs, Characteristics, Idolatry, Government, Warfare, and Stratagems are described; and the Voyages of some Captains and Pilots through the Northern Sea in search of a passage to the Orient, or the Union of that land with Asia. As this inclusive title indicates, the book is a detailed history of …


Relations With The Indians In West Florida, 1770-1781, George C. Osborn Apr 2021

Relations With The Indians In West Florida, 1770-1781, George C. Osborn

Florida Historical Quarterly

As governor of the English Province of West Florida, Peter Chester had many vexing problems to tax his executive abilities and his diplomatic skill. None was more difficult nor more intriguing than that of dealing with the Indians. Even before his arrival in the colony the Indians must have begun to realize that, regardless of which European imperialistic rival eventually won out in the struggle for supremacy in southeastern North America, they were the losers. Friendship proffered by the Spanish, and by the English after 1763 when the Treaty of Paris gave Florida to them and still later by the …


The Railroad Background Of The Florida Senatorial Election Of 1851, Arthur W. Thompson Apr 2021

The Railroad Background Of The Florida Senatorial Election Of 1851, Arthur W. Thompson

Florida Historical Quarterly

The national schism concerning the state of the Union following the Mexican War affected the character and intensity of political debate on the Florida scene no less than it did that of other areas throughout the nation. In Congress, Jefferson Davis and other eminent defenders of the Southern position gained the ardent support of Florida’s Democratic senior Senator, David L. Yulee. In his advocacy of the principle of the concurrent majority, as applied to the bicameral nature of the national legislature, Yulee was dealt a devastating blow by Webster and Clay. By late July of 1850, the proponents of the …


St. Augustine During The Civil War, Omega G. East Apr 2021

St. Augustine During The Civil War, Omega G. East

Florida Historical Quarterly

Three days before Florida seceded from the Union about 125 state artillerymen marched resolutely on Fort Marion’s Federal garrison as ordered by Governor M. S. Perry. The action which resulted cannot be recorded as one of the major engagements of the war, if we are to believe Private J. Gardner (a member of the expedition), who reminisced: “We took possession of the fort, and captured the entire garrison, consisting of one lonely sergeant, well advanced in years, who surrendered very graciously.“


Negro Slavery In Florida, Edwin L. Williams, Jr. Mar 2021

Negro Slavery In Florida, Edwin L. Williams, Jr.

Florida Historical Quarterly

Negro slavery existed in Florida long before it became American territory and the Negro began to play his part in the drama of Florida history at a very early date. If we are to credit the narrative of Cabeca De-Vaca, as translated by Buckingham Smith, at least two Negroes accompanied the Narvaez expedition to Florida in 1528, though no mention is made as to whether they were slave or free. One of these Negroes was among the few survivors of this ill-fated expedition who finally reached Mexico. A few Negro slaves accompanied the great expedition of Hernando DeSoto when it …


Diego Pena’S Expedition To Apalachee And Apalachicolo In 1716, Mark F. Boyd Mar 2021

Diego Pena’S Expedition To Apalachee And Apalachicolo In 1716, Mark F. Boyd

Florida Historical Quarterly

Prior to the settlement of Charles Town in 1670, the Spanish, through the mission reductions, dominated many of the southeastern Indian tribes. Although the mission Indians generally accepted the discipline imposed, several revolts against Spanish rule nevertheless occurred, the suppression of which doubtless produced many malcontents. Furthermore the Spanish regarded the English settlement of Carolina as an encroachment on Spanish territory, although evidently not unwelcome by Indians who had become hostile to the Spaniards.


Carpetbag Imperialism In Florida, 1862-1868 Part Ii, George Winston Smith Mar 2021

Carpetbag Imperialism In Florida, 1862-1868 Part Ii, George Winston Smith

Florida Historical Quarterly

Before the Florida Direct Tax Commissioners couId hope to make extensive tax assessments and sales of “rebel”property in Florida, further military operations were essential in the Jacksonville area. Nevertheless, Fernandina and St. Augustine already were in possession of the Union forces, and Stickney could see before him a limited entree to southern wealth. Before he made a leisurely journey southward at the end of 1862, he quietly began to make preparations.


The Everglades Before Reclamation, J. E. Dovell Mar 2021

The Everglades Before Reclamation, J. E. Dovell

Florida Historical Quarterly

This account of the Everglades and their early history is one result of the author’s extensive research into all available sources. The full story of the Everglades including reclamation is the subject of an unpublished dissertation by the author which was accepted as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the University of North Carolina.


Stephen Russell Mallory Part Ii, Occie Clubbs Mar 2021

Stephen Russell Mallory Part Ii, Occie Clubbs

Florida Historical Quarterly

Of those who have been identified with early Key West, one who has been given highest acclaim is Ellen Mallory, Stephen R. Mallory’s mother.


Stephen Russell Mallory, Occie Clubbs Mar 2021

Stephen Russell Mallory, Occie Clubbs

Florida Historical Quarterly

Perhaps Charles Mallory, as he worked at his carpenter’s bench somewhere in New England, dreamed that some day he might have a son to work beside him or to follow him at the same bench; and later, now a building superintendent and contractor in the island of Trinidad off the coast of South America, he may have dreamed again that the little Stephen playing about his shop or office, might become a great man. But if so, the reality far surpassed his dreams-for the boy became a member of the foremost legislative body of the world, and later was one …


Pioneer Florida: Mexican Squadron At Key West, 1827, T. Frederick Davis Mar 2021

Pioneer Florida: Mexican Squadron At Key West, 1827, T. Frederick Davis

Florida Historical Quarterly

All general encyclopedias of American biography include an account of the life of David Porter (1780-1843), United States naval officer, whose exploits while in command of the Essex in the South Pacific in the War of 1812, remain a saga in the history of our early navy. These accounts, however, do not include an important event in Commodore Porter’s career, the scene of which was laid at and around Key West, Florida, in 1827, and therefore is a part of Florida’s history.


The Negro Abraham, Kenneth W. Porter Mar 2021

The Negro Abraham, Kenneth W. Porter

Florida Historical Quarterly

One of the most remarkable personalities produced by the African race in this country before general emancipation was an illiterate runaway slave who spent almost all his mature life among Seminole Indians. This judgment is, perhaps, either too cautious to be meaningful or too bold to be convincing, according to the direction from which one chooses to approach it.


The Contest For Pensacola Bay And Other Gulf Ports, 1698-1722, Part I, Stanley Faye Mar 2021

The Contest For Pensacola Bay And Other Gulf Ports, 1698-1722, Part I, Stanley Faye

Florida Historical Quarterly

John Law’s Mississippi Bubble of speculation began to inflate itself on September 26, 1717, when Law’s Company of the West made ready to colonize Louisiana. Yet Law in Paris already knew that a sandbar had blocked up the one seaport of Louisiana that he thought suitable for receiving his transatlantic vessels. Five years later the bubble persisted only in memory, the bubble-maker lingered in exile and necessity persuaded light-draft French shipping to enter the Mississippi river. In the course of those five years the Company of the West had searched unavailingly for another deep, suitable and almost necessary port, and …


The Spring Grove Guards, Samuel E. Cobb Mar 2021

The Spring Grove Guards, Samuel E. Cobb

Florida Historical Quarterly

It was in the spring of 1835, a few months before the actual commencement of that long, harrassing conflict between the Indians of Florida and the whites. Pioneer settlers in Florida had been subject to sporadic attacks by the Indians for many months. A few lives had been lost but, at this time, the conflict between the Indians, who claimed prior possession of the country, and the whites, who claimed ownership under the treaties of 1823 and 1832 had hardly reached a state of warfare.


The Gibraltar Of The Gulf Of Mexico, Albert Manucy Mar 2021

The Gibraltar Of The Gulf Of Mexico, Albert Manucy

Florida Historical Quarterly

A hundred years ago the United States was suffering frequent growing pains. The Louisiana and Florida cessions had uncorked the Mississippi, and the hardy pioneers of its valley were floating tons of produce down-river to New Orleans. From that growing port Yankee merchantman, flying Dutchman, and British brig edged out into the Gulf Stream and headed for the narrow mouth of the Gulf where they swept through the Straits past Tortugas with the Havannah to starboard, and the two scarce thirty leagues apart.


British And Spanish Fortifications Of Pensacola, 1781-1821, Stanley Faye Mar 2021

British And Spanish Fortifications Of Pensacola, 1781-1821, Stanley Faye

Florida Historical Quarterly

Late in the war for the independence of the United States, Spain joined France and this country in their contest with British power. The Spanish commandant of St. Louis sent a. company across the Illinois prairies to attack a British post beyond Lake Michigan; a larger force from New Orleans occupied the district of Baton Rouge and other western regions of British West Florida, and in March 1781 the governor of Spanish Louisiana came by land and sea and laid siege to British Pensacola.


Spanish Fortifications Of Pensacola, 1698-1763, Stanley Faye Mar 2021

Spanish Fortifications Of Pensacola, 1698-1763, Stanley Faye

Florida Historical Quarterly

Spain knew toward the end of the seventeenth century that her enemy France soon would be colonizing the Mississippi valley. Wilderness guarded Mexico (New Spain) from an attack by any French soldiers who should garrison the future posts of Louisiana. In order that a hostile fleet might not sail against Spanish ports of the Gulf, Spain took steps to occupy the one still unoccupied Gulf port deep enough to serve as base for such a fleet. 1 So in April of 1693 a Mexican mathematician, Don Carlos de Siguenza y Gongora, led an official expedition into Pensacola bay to investigate …


The Confederate Baggage And Treasure Train Ends Its Flight In Florida: A Diary Of Tench Francis Tilghman Mar 2021

The Confederate Baggage And Treasure Train Ends Its Flight In Florida: A Diary Of Tench Francis Tilghman

Florida Historical Quarterly

Editor’s note : The widespread interest aroused by A. J. Hanna’s latest publication FLIGHT INTO OBLIVION suggests that readers of the QUARTERLY will wish to read the diary of Tench Francis Tilghman on which a chapter of that book is based. In editing the diary Professcr Hanna* has used the mass of materials he assembled through years of research for his book to give us a picture of conditions in Florida in 1865. For this he has a noteworthy heritage, as each branch of his family came to Florida before the War, and two of his great-grandfathers were here before …


Spanish Contributions In Florida To American Culture, Verne E. Chatelain Mar 2021

Spanish Contributions In Florida To American Culture, Verne E. Chatelain

Florida Historical Quarterly

Among the numerous steps taken by Spain during the sixteenth century in its efforts to establish dominion over the New World, none are deserving of greater attention from the standpoint of our own national history than the founding of St. Augustine in the year 1565. The fact that this little settlement which was only one of approximately 200 Spanish towns and cities then existing in the Indies, remained a Spanish colony for nearly two centuries and was always an indispensable factor in the defensive strategy employed by Spain for safe-guarding its commerce as well as in perpetuating its control over …


The Florida Militia And The Affair At Withlacoochee, Samuel E. Cobb Mar 2021

The Florida Militia And The Affair At Withlacoochee, Samuel E. Cobb

Florida Historical Quarterly

Many varied types of organizations, generally spoken of as the militia, came into existence during the Seminole wars in Florida. They ranged from ephemeral units, organized for a particular purpose and at a particular time which were disbanded after a retaliatory attack had been made on the Indians, or the raiding Indians had been dispersed to the fairly well organized military unit, mobilized under the authority of the territorial and national governments and attached to the Federal army.


Why Two Connecticut Yankees Went South, Samuel H. Fisher Mar 2021

Why Two Connecticut Yankees Went South, Samuel H. Fisher

Florida Historical Quarterly

General Edmund Kirby Smith was an outstanding figure in the War between the States, particularly in its closing years when he was in command of the Trans-Mississippi Department. He was Florida-born and his native State was proud to place his statue in the Capitol at Washington.


The St. Joseph Convention (Continued), F. W. Hoskins Mar 2021

The St. Joseph Convention (Continued), F. W. Hoskins

Florida Historical Quarterly

Next year marks the one-hundredth anniversary of the convention which framed Florida’s first constitution. The legislature at its last session provided for the celebration of that centennial at the site of old St. Joseph, where on December 3, 1838 there gathered a body of Floridians which has never been equalled in prominence and ability*. In the last issue of the Quarterly the known facts were told of the decision to hold the convention, the election of delegates, the preparations made for the meeting, and the first day’s proceedings. The account will be continued through the next several numbers. It is …


Soldiers Connected With Florida History Since 1812, Charles P. Summerall Mar 2021

Soldiers Connected With Florida History Since 1812, Charles P. Summerall

Florida Historical Quarterly

This address was delivered before the annual meeting of The Florida Historical Society, Feb. 10, 1931.


The Significance Of William Augustus Bowles’S Seizure Of Panton’S Apalachee Store In 1792, Lawrence Kinnaird Mar 2021

The Significance Of William Augustus Bowles’S Seizure Of Panton’S Apalachee Store In 1792, Lawrence Kinnaird

Florida Historical Quarterly

William Augustus Bowles accompanied by William Cunningham and a band of Indians made up of Cowitas, Broken Arrows, Hitchetas, Ufales, Chichas, and Ousutches captured the Apalachee trading post of Panton, Leslie and Company on the 16th day of January 1792. This event was one of the most important incidents in the commercial warfare waged by the merchants of New Providence against the house of Panton.


The Significance Of Florida's History, James Alexander Robertson Mar 2021

The Significance Of Florida's History, James Alexander Robertson

Florida Historical Quarterly

This address was delivered by Dr. Robertson before the Society at its recent annual meeting.


The Panton, Leslie Papers: A Letter Of Edwin Gairdner To William Panton, 1798, Edwin Gairdner Dec 2020

The Panton, Leslie Papers: A Letter Of Edwin Gairdner To William Panton, 1798, Edwin Gairdner

Florida Historical Quarterly

No abstract provided.