Digital Commons Network^™

Constitutional Law: Freedom Of The Press And A Reporter's Ability To Gather News, Barbara P. Blumenfeld

Faculty Scholarship

The author notes the Supreme Court should re-evaluate statements regarding a newsperson's right to gather news. By according great weight to a reporter's necessary task of gathering information, the press will have the tools necessary to make publishing meaningful and support the first amendment freedom of the press.

Representation Of Women Who Defend Themselves In Response To Physical Or Sexual Assault Arguedas, Elizabeth M. Schneider, Susan B. Jordan, Cristina C. Arguedas

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Judges At The Bedside: The Case Of Joseph Saikewicz, George J. Annas

Faculty Scholarship

In what may prove to be the most controversial medicolegal decision of the year, the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court has ruled that, in certain cases, courts are the proper forum in which life-sustaining medical decisions should be made.1 The controversy goes deep. It involves questions of who should make life-prolonging decisions, in what forum, and on what criteria. Until the last few years, these questions arose almost exclusively in the context of Jehovah's Witnesses cases - cases in which life-saving blood transfusions were being refused for religious reasons. But with society's increasing consciousness about the way people die in hospitals, …

Abortion To Aging: Problems Of Definition In The Medical Expense Tax Deduction, Alan L. Feld

Faculty Scholarship

Administration of the medical expense deduction has generated its share of litigation and rulings. The major areas of dispute center on two questions. By far the more important question is how to distinguish deductible medical expenses from other expenses that should be characterized as personal, living, or family expenses. The statutory definition of medical care is a broad one, encompassing amounts paid for "diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment, or prevention of disease, or for the purpose of affecting any structure or function of the body."' ¹⁰ It also includes transportation to obtain medical care." Because normal expenses of a personal nature, …

The Non-Precedential Precedent - Limited Publication And No-Citation Rules In The United States Courts Of Appeals, William L. Reynolds, William M. Richman

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Requisites Of A Valid Judgment, Geoffrey C. Hazard Jr.

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Evolution Of The Concept Of The Rights Of The Child In The Western World, D. Kelly Weisberg

Faculty Scholarship

The General Assembly of the United Nations has proclaimed 1979 to be the International Year of the Child. It is also the twentieth anniversary of the United Nations' Declaration of the Rights of the Child. The concept of the rights of the child is of relatively recent origin. This modern notion that a child is entitled to special protection, opportunities and facilities emanates from two historical sources. First, it reflects the culmination of the evolution of the concept of childhood. Second, it springs from the development in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries of the juristic concept of the child as …

Guiding Capital Sentencing Discretion Beyond The "Boiler Plate": Mental Disorder As A Mitigating Factor, James S. Liebman, Michael J. Shepard

Faculty Scholarship

In five decisions handed down on July 2, 1976, the United States Supreme Court held that the death penalty may be imposed for the crime of murder, so long as there are clear standards to guide the sentencing authority and the sanction is not imposed mandatorily. The authors examine the eighth amendment doctrinal framework used by the Court in the July 2 Cases, with particular reference to the requirement that individualized mitigating information be considered in the sentencing decision. Illustrating that requirement, they contend that mental disorder should be considered as a possibly mitigating factor and then suggest a standard …

Shadow Prices For Project Selection In The Presence Of Distortions: Effective Rates Of Protection And Domestic Resource Costs, T.N. Srinivasan, Jagdish N. Bhagwati

Faculty Scholarship

The paper addresses the problem of deriving shadow prices for use in project evaluation when the existing allocation is characterized by ad valorem trade distortions. The analysis is used to clarify and resolve the long-standing debate among effective-rate-of-protection and domestic resource-cost proponents as to the respective merits of their measures as methods of project evaluation. The derivation of shadow factor prices is then extended to three major factor market imperfections familiar from extensive trade-theoretic analysis.

The Many Faces Of Misuse: An Inquiry Into The Emerging Doctrine Of Comparative Causation, Aaron Twerski

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

A Critique Of The Uniform Product Liability Law -- A Rush To Judgment, Aaron Twerski, A. S. Weinstein

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

The Burger Court And The Fourth Amendment, Larry Yackle

Faculty Scholarship

In his 1974 Holmes Lectures, Anthony Amsterdam likened the Supreme Court in search and seizure cases to a committee "attempting to draft a horse by placing very short lines on a very large drawing board at irregular intervals during which the membership of the committee constantly changes." On that perception of the matter he cautioned against precipitous criticism when the completed draft resembles a camel. That advice, in my judgment, is reliable only in part. On the one hand, only the most arrogant of armchair critics would not concede that the Court's work is as difficult as it is important. …

The Constitution Goes To Harvard, Henry Paul Monaghan

Faculty Scholarship

Doctrinal disorder haunts a generation of Supreme Court decisions construing and applying the strands of the fourteenth amendment. But in a confusion contest between the Court and academic writers on constitutional law, picking a winner would be no simple task. Those of us in the academy, despite our comparatively ample time for reflection, have long resisted discussion of fundamental issues.

Professors Tribe and Michelman, two of our ablest writers, illustrate my point in their provocative recent essays on National League of Cities v. Usery. Neither purports to erect more adequate scaffolding for the decision's federalism foundation. Rather, each attempts …

The Enduring Significance Of Neutral Principles, Kent Greenawalt

Faculty Scholarship

Almost twenty years have passed since Herbert Wechsler delivered his Oliver Wendell Holmes lecture, Toward Neutral Principles of Constitutional Law. Although no one piece fully conveys the richness and rigor of Professor Wechsler's conception of constitutional law and the role of the judiciary, Neutral Principles sets out starkly, eloquently, and courageously some of his fundamental beliefs about constitutional decisionmaking. Shifts in jurisprudential fashion, as well as marked changes in constitutional doctrine and the composition of the Supreme Court, would make this an apt time to review what is almost certainly the most cited and most controversial discussion of constitutional …

Book Reviews, Christopher H. Schroeder

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Socialist Legality And Uncensored Literature In The Soviet Union, Kazimierz Grzybowski

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Inherent Judicial Power: Flexibility Congress Did Not Write Into The Federal Rules Of Evidence , Michael M. Martin

Faculty Scholarship

This Article focuses on the question whether, or to what extent, a federal court is bound by the explicit and implicit restrictions placed by Congress on a court's power to admit evidence. This is a question that did not arise prior to adoption of the Federal Rules of Evidence because previous prospective rulemaking in the procedural area was in truth a judicial exercise. Although Congress had an implicit veto power over rules of procedure prescribed by the Supreme Court, it never exercised that power. Thus, a lower court's decision to disregard a rule of procedure raised, as a practical matter, …

Function Of The Oath In The Ancient Near Eastern International Treaty, Donald Magnetti

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

The Liberty Interest Of Children: Due Process Rights And Their Application, James W. Ellis, Lee E. Teitelbaum

Faculty Scholarship

Few areas pose more difficult problems in the application of due process doctrine than does regulation of parent-child relationships. Determination of the procedural requirements for intervention by the state in the lives of children, at the request or with the agreement of parents, presents novel and troublesome constitutional questions. Special problems arise in the definition of the liberty interests of minors and in determining how much process is due given an infringement of those interests. These problems cannot be resolved by resort to the categorical assumptions of either traditional theory or "children's liberation." Close examination of the interests held by …

Scientific Research With Children: Legal Incapacity And Proxy Consent, Leonard H. Glantz, George J. Annas, Barbara Katz

Faculty Scholarship

Before an investigator can use any person as a subject in biomedical or behavioral research, he must obtain that person's informed consent. This consent must be voluntary, competent, and understanding.¹ There are two questions that arise in regard to experimentation on children. First, is a child legally capable of giving an informed and understanding consent? Second, do parents have the legal capacity to consent to the performance of research on their children? This article will attempt to answer both of these questions.

Shaffer V. Heitner: A New Attitude Toward State Court Jurisdiction, Paul George

Faculty Scholarship

Mr. Justice Frankfurter's observation is equally suited to the overruling of the century-old case, Pennoyer v. Neff, by the recent decision in Shaffer v. Heitner Shaffer ended not only Pennoyer's reign, but also a jurisdictional perspective which rested on the distinction between in personam and in rem jurisdiction and the concept of a state's sovereignty over property within its borders. The basis of the Pennoyer doctrine was the concept that a state had authority over all persons and property within its territory, and no authority whatsoever outside its territorial limits. Modifying previous theory slightly, Pennoyer became the …

The Disposition Process Under The Juveniles Justice Standards Project, Stanley Z. Fisher

Faculty Scholarship

The Juvenile Justice Standards Project volumes were publicly discussed for months prior to their publication. Unavoidably, much of the discussion was based upon rumor regarding their contents. In that context, critics charged that the proposed Standards would "destroy the nation's juvenile court system and replace it with a 'junior criminal system' "1 and claimed that the Standards substitute the philosophy of "just deserts" for the traditional rehabilitative goals of juvenile justice.' The news media described the Standards on disposition of delinquents as designed to "fit the penalty to the crime, no matter what the age of the perpetrator. '3 I …

The Standards' Recommendations On Dispositions: A Panel Discussion, Stanley Z. Fisher, Howard A. Levine, Fred Cohen

Faculty Scholarship

ROFESSOR STANLEY FISHER, MODERATOR: Good evening. I'd like to welcome you all here. Of all of the volumes of the Juvenile Justice Standards Project, I suppose the most controversial are those dealing with the disposition stage. They have elicited a good deal of critical comment, even though they haven't yet been published, and many of the comments and criticisms have apparently been on the basis of speculation and rumor as to what the Standards actually say. We have with us tonight to discuss these Standards two persons who have a great deal of expertise in this field. The first, on …

Radiation From Nuclear Power Plants: The Need For Congressional Directives, Michael S. Baram

Faculty Scholarship

Congress often responds to a complex problem by empowering an independent regulatory agency to enforce its legislative will. Acknowledging its own lack of knowledge and time, Congress gives the agency a measure of freedom to modify the legal requirements to fit a variety of circumstances that the legislature could not foresee. Ordinarily Congress restrains this autonomy by prescribing general criteria that the agency must consider and objectives that must be met.' These provisions enable Congress to measure the agency's progress and make necessary changes in the law. In addition, competition from other bureaus forces the agency to act vigorously or …

Javorek V. Larson: Insurer's Obligation To Defend And Indemnify Insufficient To Establish Jurisdiction--Seider Sours In California, James P. George

Faculty Scholarship

With its recent decision in Javorek v. Larson, the California Supreme Court has joined the growing number of states which have rejected the exercise of jurisdiction based upon the quasi in rem attachment of automobile liability insurance policies. This particular jurisdictional basis was first recognized in the New York case of Seider v. Roth, where the insurer's obligation to defend and indemnify the insured was found to be an attachable debt, yielding jurisdiction to the plaintiff's home state of New York, even though the defendant was a Canadian resident and the accident occurred in Vermont. The only …

Surface Water Flooding In Urban Areas: Rights And Remedies Under The Common-Enemy Doctrine, James P. George

Faculty Scholarship

Urban flooding is an ever increasing problem as land development intensifies in expanding metropolitan areas. This situation not only has a significant impact on the physical environment, but has substantial legal consequences as well. In urban flooding situations, rivers and streams pose obvious flood threats, but the damaged area is generally restricted to a definable flood plain. Surface water presents a more subtle and pervasive problem; with heavy rainfall or poor drainage, surface runoff can submerge land not ordinarily considered subject to flood damage, further increasing riparian problems as the concentrated runoff finds its way to streams and rivers. Although …

Legislative Note, Metallic Mining And Reclamation In Michigan: Environmental Management As A Gentler Approach, John C. Dernbach

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Housing And Technology: The Mobile Home Experience, Bailey Kuklin

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Justice Tobriner: Portrait Of The Judge As An Artist, Joseph R. Grodin

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Scientific Reasoning Ability In Adolescence: Theoretical Viewpoints Andeducational Implications. Advancing Education Through Science-Oriented Programs ,Programs., David I. Levine, Marcia C. Linn

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.