Digital Commons Network^™

Applying An Intergenerational Lens To The Associations Between Childhood Intimate Partner Violence Exposure, Child Maltreatment, And Adolescent Dating Violence Perpetration, Laura A. Voith

Faculty Scholarship

Reports estimate that approximately 35 percent of U.S. adolescents have dated or are currently dating, making the fact that over a third of those youth have reported experiencing some form of adolescent dating violence (ADV) in their relationships, incredibly concerning. An estimated 31 percent (~4.5 million) of dating youth report perpetrating ADV and 35 percent (~5.1 million) report ADV victimization. Childhood exposure to intimate partner violence (eIPV) and child maltreatment have both been linked with the experience of ADV, however, results vary greatly across studies, particularly regarding ADV perpetration. This study is additive by improving upon ADV measurement limitations from …

Ams-Hd: Acute Mountain Sickness Detection With Hyperdimensional Computing, M. Hassan Najafi, Mehran Shoushtari Moghadam

Faculty Scholarship

Acute mountain sickness (AMS) is a potentially life-threatening condition that affects many individuals traveling to high altitudes. Early diagnosis is crucial, especially for travelers who may not have immediate access to medical resources. While traditional machine learning (ML) methods have been used to detect AMS using biomedical data (e.g., heart rate, blood oxygen saturation, respiration rate, blood pressure, and body temperature), hyperdimensional computing (HDC) has yet to be explored for this purpose using the few of biomedical data. Previous classification methods fall short of balancing accuracy with low hardware complexity, but HDC offers a promising solution. HDC provides a hardware-efficient …

Self-Management For People With Epilepsy And A History Of Negative Health Events (Smart): A Randomized Controlled Effectiveness Trial, Martha Sajatovic, Jessica Black, Jacqueline Krehel-Montgomery, Richard Barigye, Joy Yala, Clara Adeniyi

Faculty Scholarship

Objectives: This 2-site, 6-month randomized controlled trial of an epilepsy self-management (ESM) curriculum (SMART) vs. 6-month waitlist (WL) control assessed effects on epilepsy outcomes in 160 people with epilepsy (PWE). Methods: PWE had at least 1 negative health event (NHE) defined as a seizure, emergency department visit, hospitalization or self-harm attempt in the last 6 months. Primary outcomes were differences in proportions of PWE with reductions in NHEs from baseline to 6 months follow up and change in NHE/seizure counts between SMART and WL. Secondary outcomes included the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), 36-Item Short Form Survey (SF-36), Quality of Life …

Systematic Review On The Treatment Of Emotional Abuse Victimization In Women By An Intimate Partner, Günnur Karakurt, Rhea D’Silva, Çerağ Oğuztüzün, Ankita Choudhary, Keming Gao, Shari Bolen

Faculty Scholarship

Purpose: Emotional partner abuse, often closely intertwined with physical assault, involves persistent emotional mistreatment by an intimate partner. Despite its significance, research specifically focusing on emotional IPV is limited. This study systematically reviews the effectiveness of treatments for women victimized by emotional abuse from an intimate partner. Methods: Following the guidelines outlined in the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions, we identified four relevant studies published between 2010 and 2019 with interventions designed for survivors of IPV. Results: The total sample size of 857 was included in the current study (I² = 95%). Our systematic review revealed two …

Development And Feasibility Testing Of An Implementation Evaluation Tool: Recommendations From The Managing Epilepsy Well (Mew) Network Research Collaborative, Martha Sajatovic, Clara Adeniyi, Jessie Black

Faculty Scholarship

Aims: The Managing Epilepsy Well (MEW) Network has led the development, testing and scale-up of epilepsy self-management (ESM). The MEW Integrated Database (MEW DB) is a pooled repository of archival studies that facilitates aggregate analysis. This report describes an implementation evaluation tool for ESM adopters. Methods: Publicly available materials on program implementation, adoption and sustainability as well as readiness surveys used by the MEW Network were reviewed, as were content domains and format styles relevant to ESM implementation. Requirements for data Tiers included: 1) survey Tier should be short (≤6 items) and completed quickly (< 3 min), 2) question and response format should be consistent, 3) data elements are relevant to ESM adopters and 4) the tool should be applicable across ESM programs. Iterative review, discussion and item-ranking yielded a final set of 3 distinct data element Tiers. Results: Implementation data elements assess the characteristics of organization that may be a potential ESM adopter (Tier 1), organizational readiness to ESM implementation (Tier 2) and perceptions of ESM program effects or impact by adopters at the individual and program levels (Tier 3). There are 18 data elements, 6 elements in each Tier. Organizational characteristics reflect health disparities among people with epilepsy and common comorbidities. Implementation readiness barriers include motivational factors, training and resources. Implementation experience/outcomes include perceived ESM duration, credibility, impact, likability and effectiveness. Conclusions: A brief and practical implementation evaluation tool for ESM has potential value and important clinical and policy implications in advancing care for people with epilepsy.

Functionalizing Polyethersulfone Membranes: Using Nmr To Avoid Pitfalls When Using Uv-Induced Polymerization To 'Graft From' Surfaces, Priyanka Suresh, Megan M. Sibley, Amy C. Che, Christine E. Duval

Faculty Scholarship

For nearly 30 years, UV-induced free radical polymerization has been used to modify the surface chemistry of polyethersulfone (PES) membranes, films, and coatings. The initial mechanism for the grafting process was introduced in the 1990s and supported without direct evidence of covalent bond formation. Since then, claims of ‘grafting from’ membranes in the literature rely on similar evidence using a combination of gravimetry, attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy, contact angle goniometry, water sorption, and/or water permeance. While these techniques provide evidence of the presence of a polymer coating, they do not provide direct evidence of covalent bond formation between the …

Effect Of Anesthesia And Diurnal Variation On Chronic Vagus Nerve Activity In Rats, Bhanu P. Kotamraju, Grant A. Mccallum, Dominique M. Durand

Faculty Scholarship

The vagus nerve, serving as a pivotal link between the brain and vital organs, regulates crucial physiological functions. It plays a central role in maintaining homeostasis within the body and must dynamically adapt to changing conditions such as anesthesia or sleep. While vagal tone, typically estimated indirectly from heart rate variability, has been extensively studied, direct measurement of vagal activity during sleep and anesthesia remains unreported to date. Recent technological advancements have facilitated the recording of vagus nerve activity in freely moving rodents using small, highly flexible carbon nanotube yarns. Consequently, it is now feasible to directly investigate vagal activity …

A Novel Approach To Competency-Based Education For Pediatric Nurse Practitioners: Bringing Clarity To Competencies, Kristina L. Banks, Carol L. Savrin

Faculty Scholarship

Introduction: Guidance for Pediatric Nurse Practitioner (PNP) competency-based education (CBE) is provided by the National Organization of Nurse Practitioner Faculties (NONPF) and the American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN) The Essentials: Core Competencies for Professional Nursing Education (“Essentials”). The 2021 AACN Essentials update prompted a significant shift from traditional to (CBE)for Nurse Practitioner (NP) faculty. NONPF has responded, updating its NP Role Core Competencies and domains to be congruent with the AACN 2021 Essentials, but NONPF's population-specific competencies remain unchanged since 2013. Methods: Two PNP faculty conducted a multistep crosswalk between the NONPF 2013 population-based competencies for Primary and …

Movement Disorders In Relapsing And Progressive Ms: A Comprehensive Prospective Evaluation Of A Large Real-Life Cohort, Hannah Kelly, Rongyi Sun, Mohamed Elkasaby, Alexander Wang, Hesham Abboud

Faculty Scholarship

Background: Recent studies suggest that movement disorders are common in early MS. However, the frequency and clinical characteristics of movement disorders at all stages of MS remain unknown. Objectives: To evaluate the frequency, clinical characteristics, and anatomical generators of movement disorders in relapsing and progressive MS. Methods: We conducted a prospective study of adult MS patients from 2016 to 2022 at a neuroimmunology clinic. Patients were evaluated for demyelination-related movement disorders via a survey and focused examination. We classified movement disorders based on phenomenology and identified anatomic correlates according to lesion locations and relation to relapses. Findings were compared between …

Cgas/Sting-Independent Induction Of Type I Interferon By Inhibitors Of The Histone Methylase Kdm5b, Monica M. Montano, I. Ju Yeh, Wannarasmi Ketchart

Faculty Scholarship

Studies support the role of hexamethylene bis-acetamide [HMBA] induced protein 1 (HEXIM1) as a tumor suppressor. We previously reported that the histone demethylase, KDM5B, inhibits the expression of HEXIM1, and KDM5B inhibitors (KDM5Bi) upregulate HEXIM1 expression. As a consequence, KDM5Bi inhibited cell proliferation, induced differentiation, potentiated sensitivity to cancer chemotherapy, and inhibited breast tumor metastasis. HEXIM1 is crucial for the regulation of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) phenotype by KDM5Bi. Type I Interferon (IFN-I) employs the immune system in the tumor microenvironment to restrict tumor growth. Moreover, therapeutic approaches (including mainstay chemotherapy) engage IFN-I signaling. We report herein that HEXIM1 and …

Surface-Electromyography Characteristics Of Clonic Seizures With No Scalp-Eeg Correlate: A Comparative Analysis With Tremors, Akshaya R. Sivaji, Shwetank Singh, Zachary Scicchitano, Roohi Katyal, Neel Fotedar

Faculty Scholarship

Introduction: Clonic seizures are characterized by twitching movements at a frequency of 0.2–5 Hz. The clonic “twitch” is produced by a brief synchronized contraction of agonist and antagonist muscles, followed by a synchronized silent period. In this study, we aimed to compare the surface-electromyography (sEMG) characteristics of scalp-EEG negative clonic seizures with those of nonepileptic movements like tremors that can resemble clonic seizures. Methods: We retrospectively identified patients who were diagnosed with scalp-EEG negative clonic seizures or tremors. We only included patients (n = 6) who were monitored simultaneously with video-EEG and sEMG electrodes. sEMG was placed on agonist and …

Congress Of Neurological Surgeons Systematic Review And Evidence-Based Guidelines For The Role Of Imaging In Newly Diagnosed Who Grade Ii Diffuse Glioma In Adults: Update, Chaitra Badve, Abraham Nirappel

Faculty Scholarship

Target population: Adult patients with suspected or histologically proven WHO Grade II diffuse glioma. Question 1: In adult patients with suspected or histologically proven WHO Grade II diffuse glioma, do advanced MRI techniques using magnetic resonance spectroscopy, perfusion weighted imaging or diffusion weighted imaging provide superior assessment of tumor grade, margins, progression, treatment-related effects, and prognosis compared to standard neuroimaging? Recommendation: Level II: The use of diffusion imaging and dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC), dynamic contrast enhancement (DCE) and arterial spin labeling (ASL) sequences are suggested to differentiate WHO Grade II diffuse glioma from higher grade gliomas when this is not …

Predicting Sorption Of Diverse Organic Compounds In Soil-Water Systems: Meta-Analysis, Machine Learning Modeling, And Global Soil Mapping, Jiachun Sun, Kai Zhang, Huichun Zhang

Faculty Scholarship

In recent decades, the environmental detection of various organic compounds (OCs) has highlighted the limitations of conventional soil-water sorption models, which simplify complex experimental conditions and often overlook OCs with polyfunctional and ionizable structures. To address these shortcomings, we compiled a comprehensive soil-water sorption dataset encompassing 20,945 data points for 419 OCs with various functional groups and 1037 different soils. Meta-analysis of the dataset revealed the trends of soil sorption associated with OC substructures, soil properties, and solution conditions. Machine learning models employing the XGBoost algorithm, in conjunction with MACCS fingerprints and experimental conditions, were developed to cover the entire …

The Built Environment And Adverse Cardiovascular Events In Us Veterans With Cardiovascular Disease, Skanda Moorthy, Zhuo Chen, Tong Zhang, Sai Rahul Ponnana, Santosh Kumar Sirasapalli, Kanimozhi Shivanantham, Haitham Khraishah, Jean Eudes Dazard, Sadeer G. Al-Kindi, Salil V. Deo, Sanjay Rajagopalan

Faculty Scholarship

Question: Can AI-extracted interpretable built environment features predict major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in a national veteran population? Findings: In this cohort study of 770,990 U.S. veterans, seven built environment features were significantly associated with an increased risk of MACE. Two features, old/dilapidated buildings and visible wire, were associated with a decreased risk. Greenery was only linked to increased risk in higher social deprivation index quartiles. Meaning: Built environment features can serve as predictors of MACE, highlighting the potential role of neighborhood characteristics in cardiovascular risk stratification beyond traditional factors. Importance: The relationship between built environment features and major adverse …

Role Of Fluid-Structure Interactions In Mechanosensation During Hovering Flapping Flight, Menglong Lei, Chengyu Li

Faculty Scholarship

Insect wings, known for their intricate structure and function, inherently deform during flapping motion. These deformations can be classified into chordwise cambering, spanwise bending, and root-to-tip twisting, arising from non-uniform venation distribution, aerodynamic loading, and wing inertia. Crucially, such deformations play a vital role in enhancing both aerodynamic performance and mechanosensory function. To investigate the complex interplay between wing structure, unsteady aerodynamics, and mechanosensation, we developed a fully coupled three-dimensional fluid-structure interaction (FSI) solver. This framework integrates an in-house Navier-Stokes equations solver for resolving the flow field with the open-source Vega FEM code to solve the solid structure dynamics. Our …

A Continuous-Heat-Flux Phase Change Model For Simulating Realistic Two-Phase Unsaturated Evaporation Processes, Thanh Hoang Phan, Cho Ning Huang, Chirag R. Kharangate

Faculty Scholarship

Accurately modeling liquid-vapor mass transfer rates is essential for optimizing cryogenic fluid management processes critical to advancing future space missions. This study introduces a continuous-heat-flux phase change model proposed to simulate conditions observed in realistic two-phase unsaturated evaporation phenomena. The mass transfer rate across the two-phase interface is calculated directly based on the local interfacial continuous heat flux on both liquid and vapor phases, effectively accounting for superheated, saturated, and subcooled liquid effects without requiring any empirical tuning parameters. Moreover, phase change occurs exclusively within interfacial cells, ensuring the sharp representation of deformed evaporating interfaces with high accuracy. The proposed …

Integrating Pre-Colonial Indigenous Australian Art Into Global Art History, Allison Bell, James Hutson

Faculty Scholarship

Art history as a discipline remains dominated historically through Eurocentric frameworks, systematically marginalizing Indigenous artistic traditions, particularly pre-colonial Australian Aboriginal art. Despite evidence of profound antiquity and cultural richness, such art often occupies peripheral spaces in global narratives. This article addresses these limitations through an interdisciplinary approach, integrating precise archaeological dating methods—including radiocarbon analysis of mud wasp nests and uranium-series dating—with detailed art historical inquiry. Case studies focus specifically on landmark findings, such as the Gwion Gwion rock paintings in the Kimberley region (over 16,000 years old) and Australia’s oldest known in-situ kangaroo painting, dated approximately 17,300 years old. Comparative …

Letter To The Fda Proposing Major Changes In The Us Clozapine Package Insert Supported By Clozapine Experts Worldwide. Part Ii A Review Of Fatal Outcomes In Us Pharmacovigilance Data And Proposed Changes, Martha Sajatovic

Faculty Scholarship

Purpose/Background: This is the second part of a 2-part article that proposes improving the United States (US) clozapine package insert. Part II focuses on fatal outcomes and the 5 boxed warnings, 4 specifically for clozapine: severe neutropenia, seizure, orthostatic hypotension and myocarditis, and 1 for all antipsychotics (elderly with dementia). Methods: US reports to the World Health Organization's global pharmacovigilance database were analyzed from clozapine's introduction to January 15, 2023. Findings/Results: The US was the top reporter worldwide for clozapine with 56,003 reports and 9587 associated fatal outcomes. The 4 clozapine boxed warnings were associated with 534 fatal outcomes (218 …

Pv Backsheets Survey Protocol: A Framework For Geo-Spatial Field Surveys For Bulk Material Characterization And Reliability Analysis Applied Across 41 Pv Systems, Raymond J. Wieser, Zelin Li, Xuanji Yu, Laura S. Bruckman

Faculty Scholarship

As widespread adoption of photovoltaic (PV) technologies continues, understanding the lifetime of modules is paramount to the viability of the industry as an environmentally conscious alternative to traditional energy generation. Although power degradation can affect the total energy production of a module over its lifetime, module safety failures necessitate the removal of a module leading to a loss of not only the particular asset, but the earning potential of the device. Therefore, it is critical to ensure that the components that provide essential safety functions for PV module operate for their entire rated lifetime. PV backsheets provide necessary electrical insulation …

Building Layered Defenses To Reduce Illegal Gun Violence, Samuel Kan

Faculty Scholarship

This article examines a multifaceted approach to reducing illegal gun violence in the United States through the implementation of layered defense strategies. While acknowledging the constitutional protections afforded by the Second Amendment, the author argues that targeted legislative and community-based interventions can effectively reduce gun violence without infringing on lawful gun ownership rights. The analysis explores several key defensive measures, including extreme risk laws (risk protection orders), which allow for temporary firearm removal from individuals posing credible threats to themselves or others—a practice recently upheld by the Supreme Court in United States v. Rahimi. The article further examines the constitutional …

Trump Attacks On Climate Science May Violate Numerous Federal Laws, Michael B. Gerrard

Faculty Scholarship

Starting on its first day on January 20, 2025, the second Trump administration has launched an unprecedented rollback of efforts to fight climate change. The Sabin Center for Climate Change Law’s Climate Backtracker already has 117 items.

Much of this is aimed at scientific research on climate change, or has the effect of inhibiting the conduct and dissemination of this research. Many of these actions may also violate federal laws.

This article discusses these actions, some of their legal implications, and the litigation challenges that have already been brought. It begins with actions that are specifically aimed at climate research, …

Administrative Law And The Pandemic, Gillian E. Metzger

Faculty Scholarship

American administrative law’s relationship to change is, as they say, compli­cated. On the one hand, continual evolution has been an endemic feature of American administrative law. Doctrines such as Chevron deference to agency statutory interpretations were born, grew, and declined in just the period from the 1980s to today. On the other, the United States (US) Supreme Court regularly rejects such common law development in administrative law as illegitimate and insists that federal judges must adhere to the original terms of the 1946 Administrative Procedure Act (APA) and other statutes, unless the Constitution requires otherwise. And to this day scholars …

Simulating Chill: Exploring The Cognitive And Therapeutic Potential Of Cold Vr Environments, Jessica Turner, Piper Hutson, James Hutson

Faculty Scholarship

This study investigates the cognitive and therapeutic potential of immersive virtual reality (VR) environments designed to simulate cold conditions. Through the engagement of participants through multisensory stimuli—including vivid visual representations of the Athabasca Glacier, auditory effects of icy winds, and corresponding haptic feedback—the research evaluates neurological and physiological responses associated with attention, emotional regulation, and stress modulation. Participants experienced virtual scenarios featuring icy winds and snow, activating specific neurological pathways involving the occipital lobe, primary visual cortex, superior colliculus, and insula, thus reinforcing sensory integration. Through predictive coding, the anterior insula and hypothalamus were engaged, prompting thermoregulatory simulations and subconscious …

1785 Parisian Salon Project: New Methods And Practical Innovations In Digital Heritage Reconstruction, James Hutson, Charles O'Brien, Wesley Wolfe, Kayla Kraff, Trent Olsen

Faculty Scholarship

The 1785 Salon Unreal Engine Reconstruction Project represents a significant advance in digital heritage and immersive art historical research by combining generative AI-based asset creation, modular user experience (UX) design, and historically informed workflows. During the Spring 2025 phase, the project achieved major milestones, including the successful development of a replicable pipeline for transforming 2D reference images into period-accurate 3D sculpture models using generative AI and digital sculpting tools. Simultaneously, a robust and adaptable Inspection System was engineered within Unreal Engine, offering granular interaction controls, bilingual (English/French) content integration, dynamic metadata display, and enhanced accessibility. These innovations collectively enabled historically …

Deepfakes In Domestic And International Perspective, Jane C. Ginsburg, Graeme W. Austin

Faculty Scholarship

Have you always (or ever) yearned to produce your own recording of Elvis Presley singing great baritone arias from Italian opera? Or to make a movie starring Nicole Kidman as Lady Macbeth? Or a videogame featuring the bully who tormented you in high school suffering repeated tortures worthy of the Christian martyrdoms recounted with gusto in The Golden Legend? You can fulfill all these wishes, and more, thanks to the AI technology enabling the creation of “deepfakes” — known in legal documents as “digital replicas” — capable of simulating the visual and vocal appearance of real people, living or …

Letter To The Fda Proposing Major Changes In The Us Clozapine Package Insert Supported By Clozapine Experts Worldwide. Part I A Review Of The Pharmacokinetic Literature And Proposed Changes, Martha Sajatovic

Faculty Scholarship

Purpose/Background: Clozapine was approved in the United States (US) using 1989 regulations and knowledge. After 30 years, many sections of the US package insert (PI) are outdated. Methods: We comprehensively reviewed the literature to propose PI updates. We present the information in 2 articles. In Part I, we focus on basic pharmacology based on 407 relevant articles. Part II focuses on clinical aspects and pharmacovigilance. Findings/Results: Based on more recent expectations of Food and Drug Administration regulations, we reviewed clozapine basic pharmacology including the following: 1) clearance, 2) pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, and 3) monitoring tools. We identified 9 major problems …

Trade Integration, Petros C. Mavroidis

Faculty Scholarship

Accounts concerning the world trading system usually start the debate from the negotiation of the GATT. Trade integration before the First World War, though, had been quite remarkable, and the study of this era enriches our understanding of modern institutions in at least two ways. First, a number of GATT provisions had already been shaped during discussions following the advent of the League of Nations. Second, trade integration before the First World War did not manage to put a brake on belligerent behaviour, putting to rest the old Montesquieuan idea of doux commerce. Recent developments (like the invasion of …

Political Threads In Legal Tapestry: A Computational Analysis Of Executive Branch Legal Interpretation, 1934–2022, Reilly S. Steel

Faculty Scholarship

How does the push and pull between law and politics shape the work of executive branch lawyers charged with providing “neutral” interpretations of the law? To shed light on this longstanding question, this Article undertakes the first large-scale computational analysis of legal interpretation in the executive branch of the United States federal government. Using a new dataset comprised of the texts of 12,879 pages of opinions issued by the Office of Legal Counsel (OLC) in the Department of Justice (DOJ), I use machine learning methods to explore markers of partisanship and ideology in these high-profile executive branch decisions.

Several important …

Law And Political Economy: Missing Markets, Missing Law, And Missing Political Economy, Andrew P. Morriss, Roger E. Meiners

Faculty Scholarship

This Article critiques the "Law and Political Economy" (LPE) framework. It aims to challenge the Law and Economics (L&E) approach. We argue that LPE lacks a coherent theoretical foundation and fails to engage with empirical evidence, rendering its critiques of markets, law, and political economy incomplete and unpersuasive. By contrast, L&E provides robust analytical tools and a well-developed understanding of legal and market dynamics, is grounded in empirical research, and has theoretical consistency. We illustrate these points through historical examples in the evolution of L&E and suggest ways LPE can evolve to offer a meaningful alternative. Rigorous intellectual competition will …

Antiracist Expert Evidence, Jasmine Gonzales Rose, Asees Bhasin, Spencer Piston

Faculty Scholarship

Since 2020, when mass protests against racism swept across the United States, scholars, lawyers, and the general public have become increasingly aware that racism permeates society and the criminal legal system, from overt racial animus to the nuanced effects of structural racism. Demonstrating the influence of racism is therefore vital to the practice of criminal defense, yet many attorneys do not know how to prove racism in court. We surveyed over seven hundred criminal-defense attorneys across the United States, and nearly half had never heard of expert witnesses testifying or submitting written reports on racism—what we call “antiracist expert evidence.” …