Digital Commons Network^™

Waging War Against Terror: An Essay For Sandy Levinson, Philip Chase Bobbitt

Faculty Scholarship

Wars are acts of State, and therefore there has never been a "war on terror." Of course states have fought terrorism, in many guises, for centuries. But a war on terror had to await the development of states – including virtual states like al Qaeda's global ummah – whose constitutional order was not confined to a particular territory or national group and for whom terror could therefore be a permanent state of international affairs, either sought in order to prevent persons within a state's control from resisting oppression by accessing global, empowering resources and networks, or suffered because other states …

The Media As Participants In The International Legal Process, Monica Hakimi

Faculty Scholarship

We know what we know about current international events through the media. The media (with their instantaneous transmission of images and sound across great distances) inform us of everything from the train bombings in Madrid and London, to human rights abuses in Darfur, to the fall of Saddam Hussein’s Iraq. Yet the media do not simply communicate raw information; they selectively filter, define and give shape to the events that they cover — in terms of what is happening, whether it is appropriate, and how relevant international actors should and do respond. The media thus are the nerves of the …

Common Law Property Metaphors On The Internet: The Real Problem With The Doctrine Of Cybertrespass, Shyamkrishna Balganesh

Faculty Scholarship

The doctrine of cybertrespass represents one of the most recent attempts by courts to apply concepts and principles from the real world to the virtual world of the Internet. A creation of state common law, the doctrine essentially involved extending the tort of trespass to chattels to the electronic world. Consequently, unauthorized electronic interferences are deemed trespassory intrusions and rendered actionable. The present paper aims to undertake a conceptual study of the evolution of the doctrine, examining the doctrinal modifications courts were required to make to mould the doctrine to meet the specificities of cyberspace. It then uses cybertrespass to …

Framing Affirmative Action, Kimberlé W. Crenshaw

Faculty Scholarship

With the passage of the Michigan Civil Rights Initiative ("MCRI"), Michigan joins California and Washington to constitute the new postaffirmative action frontier. For proponents such as Ward Connerly, affirmative action is on the edge of extinction. Connerly plans to carry his campaign against what he calls "racial preferences" to eight states in 2008, scoring a decisive Super-Tuesday repudiation of a social policy that he portrays as the contemporary face of racial discrimination.

On the other side of the issue, proponents of affirmative action are struggling to regroup, fearful that the confluence of lukewarm support among Democratic allies, messy presidential politics …

The Essential Role Of Securities Regulation, Zohar Goshen, Gideon Parchomovsky

Faculty Scholarship

This Article posits that the essential role of securities regulation is to create a competitive market for sophisticated professional investors and analysts (information traders). The Article advances two related theses – one descriptive and the other normative. Descriptively, the Article demonstrates that securities regulation is specifically designed to facilitate and protect the work of information traders. Securities regulation may be divided into three broad categories: (i) disclosure duties; (ii) restrictions on fraud and manipulation; and (iii) restrictions on insider trading – each of which contributes to the creation of a vibrant market for information traders. Disclosure duties reduce information traders’ …

Using A Literary Case Study To Teach Lawyering Skills: How We Used Damages By Barry Werth In The First-Year Legal Writing Curriculum, Jeanne M. Kaiser, Myra Orlen

Faculty Scholarship

First-year law students arrive for their first day of classes with varying perceptions about the practice of law and what it means to be a lawyer. Although some students have first-hand knowledge of the profession based on their work in a law office or from family members who are attorneys, many students base their entire conception of what it means to be a lawyer on images from popular media. The Authors discuss how they used a literary account to acquaint students with an authentic picture of litigation, while still teaching the rudiments of legal research and writing. The book used …

Moral Hazard And The Initial Public Offering, A. Christine Hurt

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Combatant Status: It Is Time For Intermediate Levels Of Recognition For Partial Compliance, Eric Talbot Jensen

Faculty Scholarship

Under current international law, combatant status is an all-or-nothing proposition. Either a fighting force qualifies under all the criteria of article 4 of the GPW and receives all the privileges and immunities of combatant status, or a force does not qualify, and is provided no protection above that of any other civilian in the area, and may even be disqualified from the protections afforded to civilians. Given the reality of today's battlefields where the conflict is seldom between the armed forces of two nations, these requirements are counterproductive and provide a disincentive for fighters to distinguish themselves from the civilian …

Human-Centric International Law: A Model And A Search For Empirical Indicators, John King Gamble, Charlotte Ku, Chris Strayer

Faculty Scholarship

This Article is the result of the authors' application of an explicit model of the evolving international legal situation and an empirical test using multilateral treaties. The authors examine all the multilateral treaties signed over the last 350 years, about 6000 treaties, and discuss the "humanization" of international law.

The Market For Justice, The "Litigation Explosion," And The "Verdict Bubble:" A Closer Look At Vanishing Trials, Frederic N. Smalkin, Frederic N. C. Smalkin

Faculty Scholarship

Recently, a respected jurist has lamented the declining number of federal jury trials. Chief Judge William Young of the United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts, writing in the Federal Lawyer, pointed out that jury trials in federal civil cases declined 26% in the decade between 1989 and 1999, which he attributed to four factors: the district court judiciary’s “loss of focus” on the core function of trying jury cases; the business community’s loss of interest in jury adjudication (“opting out of the legal system altogether” in favor of arbitration); Congress’s “marginalizing the district court judiciary”; and …

The Billable Hours Derby: Empirical Data On The Problems And Pressure Points, Susan Saab Fortney

Faculty Scholarship

This article considers the consequences of law firm use of the hourly billing method and the recent increase in billable hour requirements. Part I of this article describes the rationale and methodology of an empirical study conducted in 2005 that explored attorney work-life issues and employer efforts to assist attorneys in dealing with work-life conflicts. Part II summarizes select study findings related to billable hours requirements and pressure. Part III concludes by considering what forces and players will change the current course of conduct in which law firm leaders treat increases in billable hours expectations as a necessary evil.

Reform Of Public Company Disclosure In Europa, Roberta S. Karmel

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Reform Of Public Company Disclosure In Europe, Roberta S. Karmel

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Still Dissatisfied After All These Years: Intellectual Property, Post-Wto China, And The Avoidable Cycle Of Futility, Peter K. Yu

Faculty Scholarship

Commentators have widely discussed the piracy and counterfeiting problems in China. Every year, the United States is estimated to lose billions of dollars due to piracy and counterfeiting in the country alone. Published as part of the U.S.-China Trade: Opportunities and Challenges Symposium, this Essay focuses on the recent debate about whether the U.S. administration should file a formal complaint against China with the Dispute Settlement Body of the World Trade Organization over inadequate enforcement of intellectual property rights.

The Essay begins by articulating four reasons why the administration should not do so. It then compares the approach recently proposed …

An Unnatural Disaster: The Aftermath Of Hurricane Katrina, David M. Driesen, Alyson Flournoy, Sheila Foster, Eileen Gauna, Robert L. Glicksman, Carmen G. Gonzalez, David J. Gottlieb, Donald T. Hornstein, Douglas A. Kysar, Thomas O. Mcgarity, Catherine A. O'Neill, Clifford Rechtschaffen, Christopher Schroeder, Sidney Shapiro, Rena I. Steinzor, Joseph P. Tomain, Robert R.M. Verchick, Karen Sokol

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Tackling Employment Discrimination With Adr: Does Mediation Offer A Shield For The Haves Or Real Opportunity For The Have-Nots, Michael Z. Green

Faculty Scholarship

This paper explores the benefits of using mediation in addressing employment discrimination disputes. It highlights the difficulties for those who expect too much out of mediation by expecting it to transform relations while exposing concerns with those who limit mediation's potential by supporting mythical notions about mediators being neutral. The paper suggests that employers develop comprehensive conflict resolution systems and include mediation as a process that is case-specific and focused on the needs of all parties and not the needs of the mediator.

The Aftermath Of Hurricane Katrina, An Unnatural Disaster, Eileen Gauna

Faculty Scholarship

This report analyzes key policy decisions, as well as actions and inaction under health, safety, and environmental laws, that could have better protected New Orleans from the effects of Katrina before the hurricane and those that could have improved the emergency response in its wake. In the area of public health, safety, and the environment, the paper explores the implementation of wetlands law and policy, bad decisions regarding the construction and maintenance of the levee system designed to protect New Orleans, pollution prevention and clean-up laws, and energy policy. In the area of emergency response, it reviews policy decisions related …

A Theory In Search Of A Court, And Itself: Judicial Minimalism At The Supreme Court Bar, Neil S. Siegel

Faculty Scholarship

Cass Sunstein has prominently and provocatively advocated a theory of judicial minimalism. He has claimed that minimalism provides both an accurate descriptive account of how the Supreme Court decides constitutional cases and a persuasive normative theory of how the Justices should exercise their power of judicial review. In fact, he has written that the October 2003 Term demonstrates the Court's commitment to judicial minimalism.

In this Article, I demonstrate a deep tension between Professor Sunstein's aspiration that minimalism serve as an empirically testable (and thus descriptively accurate) account of the Supreme Court's work, and his ambition that minimalism provide a …

Broadening The Holistic Mindset: Incorporating Collateral Consequences And Reentry Into Criminal Defense Lawyering, Michael Pinard

Faculty Scholarship

In this article, Professor Michael Pinard highlights the holistic model of criminal defense representation, which seeks to address the myriad issues that often lead to the client’s involvement with the criminal justice system with the overarching goal of providing a comprehensive solution to those underlying factors. While lauding these developments, however, Professor Pinard argues that the holistic model has largely overlooked two facets of the criminal justice system that impact greatly the client’s life once the formal representation has concluded: the collateral consequences of criminal convictions and reentry. Professor Pinard explores the emerging attention devoted to these two components, but …

From "Federalization" To "Mixed Governance" In Corporate Law: A Defense Of Sarbanes-Oxley, Robert B. Ahdieh

Faculty Scholarship

Since the very moment of its adoption, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 has been subject to a litany of critiques, many of them seemingly well-placed. The almost universal condemnation of the Act for its asserted 'federalization' of corporate law, by contrast, deserves short shrift. Though widely invoked - and blithely accepted - dissection of this argument against the legislation shows it to rely either on flawed assumptions or on normative preferences not ordinarily acknowledged (or perhaps even accepted) by those who criticize Sarbanes-Oxley for its federalization of state corporate law.

Once we appreciate as much, we can begin by replacing …

Liability For Direct Advertising Of Drugs To Consumers: An Idea Whose Time Has Not Come, Aaron Twerski

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Fair Use: Threat Or Threatened?, Wendy J. Gordon

Faculty Scholarship

Thank you for inviting me to address the Symposium. It is an honor to participate in the exchange of such interesting and informed views, and to be back at Case.

The original title for my talk had been Warring Frameworks for Fair Use. I had intended to discuss two interpretations of market failure analysis, and to suggest how resolving the conflict between those warring frameworks might resolve a variety of fair use issues.

But then it struck me that this might not be what you, a group made up of both generalists and specialists, would most want in a luncheon …

Instructions In Inequality: Development, Human Rights, Capabilities, And Gender Violence In Schools, Erika George

Faculty Scholarship

This Article argues that the international community's gender equality targets will not be realized by 2015 because the problems associated with sexual violence against girls in schools are situated at an intersection of contested conceptual divides between human rights (civil and political liberties) and development aims (social and economic needs). Cracks in the conceptual foundations of both the liberal and utilitarian theories of justice and equality, which support traditional human rights advocacy and economic development plans, respectively render each approach inadequate to fully identify and address the grave danger sexual violence and harassment in schools pose to educational equality. In …

Are Rights Efficient? Challenging The Managerial Critique Of Individual Rights, David A. Super

Faculty Scholarship

This Article contends that enforceable individual rights can improve the efficiency of government operations. The last decade has seen enforceable individual rights eliminated in a wide range of areas, from welfare to the treatment of immigrants and prisoners in U.S. jails to, most recently, the treatment of prisoners in Abu Ghraib and elsewhere overseas. In most instances, opponents of enforceable individual rights have quarreled little with the substantive norms underlying these rights. Instead, they have argued that enforceable legal rights would unduly burden government administration. Supporters of individual rights have tended to concede that they are inefficient, arguing instead that …

Review Essay: A Prescription For Perilous Times, Neil S. Siegel

Faculty Scholarship

It seldom happens that a scholar makes a lasting contribution both to legal history and to the most pressing constitutional issues of the day in the same work. It is more rare that an academic does so in a book accessible to a general audience. Perilous Times accomplishes that feat. For these reasons, and for another as well, the book should be regarded as a triumph.

Measuring Kleinman-Disallowed Hyperpolarizabilities By Time-Resolved Hyper-Rayleigh Scattering, G. Mao, Rolfe G. Petschek, Kenneth D. Singer

Faculty Scholarship

Time-resolved single photon counting is used for measuring Kleinman-disallowed nonlinear tensor components in order to evaluate molecular materials for chiral axial organic nonlinear optical materials. The experimental setup and results are described.

Calvert Versus Carroll: The Quit-Rent Controversy Between Maryland's Founding Families, Garrett Power

Faculty Scholarship

This essay examines the historical background behind the 1826 U.S. Supreme Court case of Cassell v. Carroll. The legal merits in the case concerned arcane questions of feudal property law which the Court avoided and left unanswered. Today the case is of little jurisprudential significance. It is the historical record behind Cassell v. Carroll that tells a story that continues to be of interest and importance today. It provides a window on the economic and social life in provincial Maryland. It tells the tale of two dysfunctional dynasties—the Barons of Baltimore (the Calverts), who lost their faith, their fortune …

Intellectual Property And The Information Ecosystem, Peter K. Yu

Faculty Scholarship

This short essay proceeds in two parts. The first part examines the controversy surrounding the use of the term intellectual property. It discusses the common criticisms of the term's usage, including those articulated by Richard Stallman. It also challenges the myth that intellectual property did not acquire any property attributes until the establishment of the World Intellectual Property Organization. The essay suggests that the term may remain in common usage despite its uneasy analogy to real property, and a more nuanced understanding of property law may alleviate some of the problems caused by using the term.

The second part focuses …

Destabilizing The Normalization Of Rural Black Land Loss: A Critical Role For Legal Empiricism, Thomas W. Mitchell

Faculty Scholarship

Mitchell's study exemplifies the New Legal Realist goal of combining qualitative and quantitative empirical research to shed light on important legal and policy issues. He also demonstrates the utility of a ground-level contextual analysis that examines legal problems from the bottom up. The study tracks processes by which black rural landowners have gradually been dispossessed of more than 90% of the land held by their predecessors in 1910. Mitchell points out that despite the continuing practices that contribute to this problem, there has been very little research on the issue, and what little attention legal scholars have paid to it …

Addressing Race Discrimination Under Title Vii After Forty Years: The Promise Of Adr As Interest-Convergence, Michael Z. Green

Faculty Scholarship

The thesis of this Essay is that litigation and legal enforcement strategies, including any new legislation that would force employers to address discrimination in the workplace, should no longer be the focus of civil rights activists. Instead, those seeking to root out race discrimination in the workplace must focus on including non-legal options such as alternative dispute resolution (ADR) activities. Any new strategies must address the concerns of workplace discrimination and the use of ADR in a way that merges those issues with the interests and incentives of employers. Derrick Bell has referred to the merger that forms when the …