Digital Commons Network^™

Judge Parker And The Public Service State, Peter G. Fish

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Exhaustion Of Administrative Remedies: The Lesson From Environmental Cases, Marcia R. Gelpe

Faculty Scholarship

The law governing exhaustion of administrative remedies is complex and confusing and fosters needless litigation: litigation that is burdensome to the courts and costly to defendants, that adversely affects agency decision making and that by its very existence, wrongly influences courts to dispense with the exhaustion requirement. Exhaustion remains troublesome to the courts; many of the decisions are confusing and poorly reasoned. A reexamination of the exhaustion doctrine is called for, not only to indicate how the cases should be decided, but also to clarify the issues sufficiently to guide parties' behavior so that they may avoid litigation over exhaustion's …

Trust Termination: Unborn, Living, And Dead Hands–Too Many Fingers In The Trust Pie, Gail Boreman Bird

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Compensation For Victims Of Hazardous Substance Exposure, J. David Prince

Faculty Scholarship

Hazardous wastes, threatening environmental and human safety, are being generated at an alarming rate. In this Article, J. David Prince discusses the threats posed by hazardous wastes and the remedies that are available in Minnesota for dealing with those threats. Professor Prince analyzes a proposed compensation scheme for victims of hazardous waste exposure in Minnesota and suggests that a modification of that scheme be adopted by the Minnesota Legislature.

Legal Informality And Redistributive Politics, William H. Simon

Faculty Scholarship

Until recently, one of the most consistent themes in both right and left critiques of the legal system has been the repudiation of procedural formality, that is, of specialized, rule-bound procedures. The left critique portrayed formality as facilitating the manipulation of the legal system by the privileged to the disadvantage of others. Both right and left critiques portrayed formality as expressing and fostering alienation and antagonism.

In recent years, however, attitudes toward formality on the left have become increasingly complex and ambivalent. This development may be partly a reaction to the rising prominence of a conservative rhetoric that links proposals …

The Invention And Reinvention Of Welfare Rights, William H. Simon

Faculty Scholarship

This essay contrasts the jurisprudence of welfare entitlement developed by social workers during and after the New Deal with the lawyers' welfare jurisprudence of the past two decades.

I find this contrast interesting for two reasons. First, it brings to light an episode in the intellectual history of the American welfare state that lawyers have ignored – the development of an understanding of welfare as a legal right by another profession long before Charles Reich's The New Property and the literature that followed it made such a notion current among lawyers. Second, the contrast between the social workers' and the …

Babbitt V. Brandeis: The Decline Of The Professional Ideal, William H. Simon

Faculty Scholarship

The vision of professionalism that entranced the liberal legal elite for a century now strikes most lawyers and law students as implausible or uninteresting or both. The papers in this symposium by Robert Nelson and by Ronald Gilson and Robert Mnookin are outstanding examples of two of the current modes of repudiation of this vision: the mode of skepticism and the mode of indifference. Nelson takes the claims of the professional vision seriously, and, using a methodology responsive to them, sets out to refute them. Gilson and Mnookin ignore the vision, and, using a methodology that assumes the vision's invalidity, …

Sharing Among The Human Capitalists: An Economic Inquiry Into The Corporate Law Firm And How Partners Split Profits, Ronald J. Gilson, Robert H. Mnookin

Faculty Scholarship

Large corporate law firms seem to be in a state of extraordinary flux. Success and failure are both on the rise. Large firms appear to supply a substantial and growing proportion of the legal services consumed by American business enterprises and to hire a significant fraction of the graduating classes of elite American law schools. Moreover, the last twenty years have witnessed a remarkable expansion in both the number of large firms and the absolute size of the biggest. But accompanying this striking success, there are also signs of serious institutional instability. During the last few years, several previously successful …

Price Adjustment In Long-Term Contracts, Victor P. Goldberg

Faculty Scholarship

After parties enter into a contract, changed circumstance might result in one of them being dissatisfied with the price. Anticipating this, the parties could include a price adjustment mechanism in the agreement. If the mechanism is imperfect, some dissatisfaction will remain. This dissatisfaction may result in litigation with the dissatisfied party asking the court either to excuse performance or revise the contract price. For example, large changes in fuel prices since 1973 generated considerable litigation.

In this paper, I suggest a framework for analyzing price adjustment in private contracts. Contrary to most economists and lawyers, I argue that price adjustment …

Motivation, Rationality, And Secular Purpose In Establishment Clause Review, Frederick Mark Gedicks

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Sociological And Human Developmental Explanations Of Crime: Conflict Or Consensus , Deborah W. Denno

Faculty Scholarship

This paper examines multidisciplinary correlates of delinquency in an attempt to integrate sociological and environmental theories of crime with human developmental and biological explanations of crime. Structural equation models are applied to assess links among biological, psychological, and environmental variables collected prospectively from birth through age 17 on a sample of 800 black children at high risk for learning and behavioral disorders. Results show that for both males and females, aggression and disciplinary problems in school during adolescence are the strongest predictors of repeat offense behavior. Whereas school achievement and family income and stability are also significant predictors of delinquency …

Regulating Heart And Liver Transplants In Massachusetts: An Overview Of The Report Of The Task Force On Organ Transplantation, George J. Annas

Faculty Scholarship

Organ transplantation has been a favorite topic of health lawyers since its inception. Organ procurement was addressed with the adoption of the Uniform Anatomical Gift Act in all fifty states, and "brain death" has been recognized both judicially and legislatively across the country. Nonetheless, it is now apparent that the major problems in organ transplantation are not legal and thus neither are their solutions. Heart and liver transplants are extreme and expensive interventions that few individuals can afford and few hospitals can offer. In an era of economic scarcity, how (if at all) should organ transplant procedures and other extreme …

Limits To Attorney-Client Confidentiality: A Philosophically Informed And Comparative Approach To Medical And Legal Ethics, Nancy J. Moore

Faculty Scholarship

The proper limits to attorney-client confidentiality are hotly debated by lawyers and legal scholars. Various drafts of the proposed Model Rules of Professional Conduct have included controversial provisions which call for the disclosure of adverse evidence and client perury, as well as more liberal disclosure of completed and intended client wrongdoing than is currently permitted under the Model Code of Professional Responsibility. This Article takes a comparative approach to the problem, utilizing a body of philosophical literature which explores the principle of confidentiality in the physician-patient context This "philosophically informed" approach sets out an analytical framework in which the controversies …

Antitrust: Fear Of Fairness, Gary S. Lawson

Faculty Scholarship

In December 1985, a comprehensive Reagan administration plan for both substantive and procedural reform of the antitrust laws was made public. Under the plan, the Justice Department's 1984 merger guidelines would be codified in the Clayton Act; restrictions on interlocking directorates would be relaxed; industries affected by imports could seek antitrust waivers as an alternative to tariffs or quotas; plaintiffs could be assessed attorneys' fees for filing frivolous antitrust suits; treble damages would be eliminated in many cases; and the full share of damages of settling defendants (instead of just the settlement amount) would be deducted from the damages available …

Calculating Fees Of Special Masters, David I. Levine

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Federal Tort Claims At The Agency Level: The Ftca Administrative Process, George A. Bermann

Faculty Scholarship

Tort actions against the federal government and its agencies are currently governed by the FTCA and various other statutes, agency rules and procedures. Claims against the government are increasing rapidly, and the agencies enjoy broad settlement authority, often at the expense of coordination among the appropriate statutes. This Article examines the various procedures allowed and those that are actually practiced by the agencies. The author points out that, though claims officers are supposed to be fair-minded, the process can take on an adversarial nature, often a prelude to litigation rather than settlement. He proposes that the current processes be made …

Constitutional Remedies For Underinclusive Statutes: A Critical Appraisal Of Heckler V. Mathews, Bruce K. Miller

Faculty Scholarship

The power of the federal courts to remedy injuries caused by constitutional violations is a fundamental assumption of our constitutional scheme. The Supreme Court's equal protection decisions of the past generation illustrate the extent to which we take this power completely for granted. When confronted with a statute that denies a litigant's fifth or fourteenth amendment right to equal treatment, the Court has rarely limited itself to a simple declaration that the statute is unconstitutional. Such declarations, rather, have been routinely accompanied by awards of often substantial relief to the persons injured by the unconstitutional inequality. The author analyzes Heckler …

A Transaction Theory Of Crime?, George P. Fletcher

Faculty Scholarship

The most difficult questions are foundational. It is no surprise then that one of the most puzzling questions in criminal law frames the whole inquiry: what is the nature of crime? Positivists dispose of the question easily. If the law is whatever the legislature and courts say it is, then crime is whatever these authoritative agencies designate as crime. The question becomes more interesting, however, if we regard crime as a prepositive concept, a concept that exists logically prior to the positive law. It is not that conduct is criminal because the legislature speaks; rather the legislature speaks because conduct …

Kidnapping: A Modern Definition, John L. Diamond

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

A New Service On The Texas Legal Horizon: Texas Supreme Court Index, James Hambleton, Jim Paulsen

Faculty Scholarship

Since the late 1950's the Texas Supreme Court Journal has been a mainstay of Texas lawyers, offering speedy copies of all supreme court opinions as well as writ dispositions. Though the Texas Supreme Court Journal is invaluable, it does have one major deficiency. Marian Boner's Reference Guide to Texas Law and Legal History puts the problem succinctly: "There is no cumulation, and the cases are not indexed."

A new publication, Texas Supreme Court Index+, is now making a creditable bid to fill that gap. A weekly service originating in Houston, the Index+ contains up-to-date data on the …

Whatever Happened To 1845 - The Missing Decisions Of The Texas Supreme Court, Jim Paulsen, James Hambleton

Faculty Scholarship

Have you ever noticed a gap in the publication of Texas Supreme Court decisions? Both the Harvard "Blue Book" and the University of Texas "Green Book" inform readers that opinions of the court from 1840 to 1844 (the Republic period) can be found in Dallam's Decisions, while decisions from 1846 on (statehood) are available in Texas Reports or the Southwestern Reporter. That's all very clear, but whatever happened to 1845? This article will supply half an answer to this question; perhaps some reader can provide the other half.

Three questions arise. The first, and simplest: Are there any …

Writ Writing Revisited: The Auto-Cite Approach, James Hambleton, Jim Paulsen

Faculty Scholarship

The November 1984 issue of the Texas Bar Journal contains an article discussing Texas writs of error and writ history ("Does West Write the Right Writs?"). The article examines the two most commonly used sources for Texas writ history: the West Writs of Error and Discretionary Review Tables, and Shepard's Texas Citations. The conclusion was that both contain a number of significant error and omissions.

Actually, there is a third and generally more accurate source for recent Texas writ history. Marketed by Lawyers' Cooperative, the same folks who publish A.L.R. and the Lawyer's Edition of the U.S. Reports, …

Joseph Story's Commentaries On The Constitution: A Belated Review, H. Jefferson Powell

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Charting The Future Course For Corporate Management Of Health Risks, Michael S. Baram

Faculty Scholarship

Corporations engage in technological activities of benefit to society, but thereby also create new health risks for workers, consumers, and communities. Government regulatory agencies deal with this chronic problem by conducting risk analyses and imposing various duties on private firms. Despite agency efforts and corporate compliance, health risks continue to arise and take their toll. To what extent will private firms voluntarily assume greater responsibility for preventing these health risks? This question is of increasing social importance, because the limitations of regulatory efforts are now obvious, whereas health risks are now being identified at what appears to be an increasing …

Political Interference In Law School Clinical Programs: Reflections On Outside Interference And Academic Freedom, Elizabeth M. Schneider

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Redeployment Of Tax Expenditures For Housing, Alan L. Feld

Faculty Scholarship

This article assesses housing-related tax expenditures and evaluates some of the proposals for changes in these programs, so as to make better use of tax aids for housing.

The Right To Know And The Duty To Disclose Hazard Information, Michael S. Baram

Faculty Scholarship

In late 1983, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) promulgated its final rule on "hazard communication." This rule establishes for many workers the right to know certain health hazard information held by their employers. Concurrently, the rule imposes on these employers the duty to disclose such privately held information. ^I

The OSHA rule is limited and late, and joins a crowded field. It follows in the wake of several decades of legal developments which have established various rights to know and duties to disclose. Since the latter part of the nineteenth century, state common law for personal injuries has …

Psychosocial, Legal, And Ethical Dimensions Of Ultrasound Imaging In Pregnancy, Karen H. Rothenberg

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

The Separation Of Powers Under Carter, Peter E. Quint

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Rethinking Novotny In Light Of United Brotherhood Of Carpenters & Joiners V. Scott: The Scope And Constitutionally Permissible Periphery Of Section 1985 (3), Taunya Lovell Banks

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.