Digital Commons Network^™

A Critical Review Of Sociological Research On Sexual Pleasure, Hannah Regan

Faculty Scholarship

Sociologists of sexuality often invoke the theme of pleasure, but it is not always clear what scholars believe the implications and importance of pleasure are. To this end, this paper reviews the existing literature on sexual pleasure, specifically within the field of sociology, to demonstrate what questions about sexual pleasure are (and are not) currently being asked. Through a systematic literature review, I demonstrate that scholars often lack a justification for why pleasure is important. I also connect themes between the kind of questions being asked about pleasure and the justifications attached to these studies, relating to risk mitigation, relationship …

Storylines Of Family Medicine Xii: Family Medicine And The Healthcare System, Kurt C. Stange

Faculty Scholarship

Storylines of Family Medicine is a 12-part series of thematically linked mini-essays with accompanying illustrations that explore the many dimensions of family medicine, as interpreted by individual family physicians and medical educators in the USA and elsewhere around the world. In 'XII: Family medicine and the future of the healthcare system', authors address the following themes: 'Leadership in family medicine', 'Becoming an academic family physician', 'Advocare-our call to act', 'The paradox of primary care and three simple rules', 'The quadruple aim-melding the patient and the health system', 'Fit-for-purpose medical workforce', 'Universal healthcare-coverage for all', 'The futures of family medicine' and …

Examining Adverse Childhood Experiences And Black Youth's Engagement In A Hospital-Based Violence Intervention Program Using Administrative Data, Laura A. Voith, Amy Korsh-Williams

Faculty Scholarship

Background: Stemming from poverty and systemic racism, Black youth are disproportionately represented in hospital-based violence intervention programs (HVIPs) due to greater violence exposure. HVIPs are a critical intervention that have been shown to reduce rates of reinjury in urban hospitals and trauma centers across the United States; however, they are plagued by low enrollment and engagement rates. Few studies have examined factors related to engagement, particularly among Black youth. Methods: Guided by Trauma Theory and Critical Race Theory, this study uses a retrospective cohort design. Between-group differences of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) among engaged youth compared to nonengaged youth who …

Is Postnatal Acetaminophen Therapy Problematic For Preterm Infants?, Richard J. Martin, Anna Maria Hibbs

Faculty Scholarship

In this issue, Srajer et al. report on the neurodevelopmental outcomes at 18–21 months of preterm infants treated with acetaminophen in the NICU.1 Their study shows no evidence of neurological harm from acetaminophen, after adjusting for known risk factors for neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI). Temporal trends in both pain and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) management have led to an increase in acetaminophen use in the NICU in recent years, resulting in a crucial need for long-term safety data in this vulnerable population.

Patient Navigation In Cancer Treatment: A Systematic Review, Matthew Chen, Victoria S. Wu, Derek Falk, Jennifer Cullen, Richard Hoehn

Faculty Scholarship

Purpose of Review: Patient navigation promotes access to timely treatment of chronic diseases by eliminating barriers to care. Patient navigation programs have been well-established in improving screening rates and diagnostic resolution. This systematic review aimed to characterize the multifaceted role of patient navigators within the realm of cancer treatment. Recent Findings: A comprehensive electronic literature review of PubMed and Embase databases was conducted to identify relevant studies investigating the role of patient navigators in cancer treatment from August 1, 2009 to March 27, 2023. Summary: Fifty-nine articles were included in this review. Amongst studies focused on cancer treatment initiation, 70% …

Uncertainty Analysis In Machine Learning Models, Ayorinde E. Olatunde, Weiqi Yue, Pawan K. Tripathi, Roger H. French, Anirban Mondal

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Conceptual Competence In Psychiatric Training: Building A Culture Of Conceptual Inquiry, Awais Aftab

Faculty Scholarship

Building a culture of conceptual inquiry in psychiatric training requires the development of conceptual competence: the ability to identify and examine assumptions that constitute the philosophical foundations of clinical care and scientific investigation in psychiatry. In this article, we argue for the importance of such competence and illustrate approaches to instilling it through examples drawn from our collective experiences as psychiatric educators.

Navigating The Maze: The Role Of Pre-Enrollment Socio-Cultural And Institutional Factors In Higher Education In The Age Of Ai, Emily Barnes, James Hutson

Faculty Scholarship

This article explores the complex interplay between pre-enrollment socio-cultural and institutional factors and their impact on the higher education landscape. It challenges traditional metrics of academic achievement, presenting a nuanced perspective on student success that emphasizes the importance of socio-economic backgrounds, cultural capital, and K-12 education quality. The analysis extends to the significant role of institutional attributes in shaping student readiness and decision-making processes. The study advocates for the integration of artificial intelligence (AI)-driven assessments by higher education institutions to cater to the diverse needs of the student body, promoting an inclusive and supportive learning environment. Anchored in an extensive …

Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography Is A Valid Imaging Technique For Tracking Changes In Skeletal Muscle Cross-Sectional Area, Bradley A. Ruple, Christopher G. Vann, Casey L. Sexton, Shelby C. Osburn, Morgan A. Smith, Joshua S. Godwin, Petey W. Mumford, Matt S. Stock, Michael D. Roberts, Kaelin C. Young

Faculty Scholarship

Peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) has recently expanded to quantifying skeletal muscle, however its validity to determine muscle cross‐sectional area (mCSA) compared to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is unknown. Eleven male participants (age: 22 ± 3 y) underwent pQCT and MRI dual‐leg mid‐thigh imaging before (PRE) and after (POST) 6 weeks of resistance training for quantification of mid‐thigh mCSA and change in mCSA. mCSA agreement at both time points and absolute change in mCSA across time was assessed using Bland‐ Altman plots for mean bias and 95% limits of agreement (LOA), as well as Lin's concordance correlation coefficients (CCC). Both …

The Promise And Perils Of Tech Whistleblowing, Hannah Bloch-Wehba

Faculty Scholarship

Whistleblowers and leakers wield significant influence in technology law and policy. On topics ranging from cybersecurity to free speech, tech whistleblowers spur congressional hearings, motivate the introduction of legislation, and animate critical press coverage of tech firms. But while scholars and policymakers have long called for transparency and accountability in the tech sector, they have overlooked the significance of individual disclosures by industry insiders—workers, employees, and volunteers—who leak information that firms would prefer to keep private.

This Article offers an account of the rise and influence of tech whistleblowing. Radical information asymmetries pervade tech law and policy. Firms exercise near-complete …

Defrosting Regulatory Chill, Guillermo J. Garcia Sanchez

Faculty Scholarship

In Homer’s Odyssey, King Odysseus asked his men to tie him to the mast of his ship with the hope that he would not jump into the sea after listening to the Sirens. The Odyssey’s hero made a pact to bind himself in the future. He knew that the temptation would be impossible to resist without restraints. Similarly, the creators and advocates of international investment agreements believe that providing rights to foreign investors through international treaties will chill State policies that would harm the interests of investors in the future. The “rope” to tie the State is the threat of …

The Foreshadow Docket, Bert I. Huang

Faculty Scholarship

Imagine the Supreme Court issuing an emergency order that signals interest in departing from precedent, as if foreshadowing a change in the law. Seeing this, should the lower courts start ruling in ways that also anticipate the law of the future? They need not do so in their merits rulings. That much is clear. Such a signal does not create new binding precedent. Rather, it reflects the Justices’ guess about the future of the law — and what if that guess is wrong?

Yet for a lower court ruling on a temporary stay or injunction, the task seems to call …

The Missing Half: Revisiting Monetary Remedies To Redress Racial Segregation, Olatunde C.A. Johnson

Faculty Scholarship

This Essay considers whether courts should have awarded monetary remedies in housing desegregation cases. By examining the relief awarded in public housing desegregation cases brought in United States federal courts between 1966 and 1994, this Essay reveals the limitations of the almost exclusive reliance on forward-looking integration relief as a remedy. The Essay argues that there is a “missing half” of remedies that courts never awarded: compensatory damages for the loss of wealth and opportunity caused by housing segregation. Forward-looking remedies that promised integration have often gone unfulfilled. Understanding these “missing” damages is crucial given recent Supreme Court rulings on …

Brandeisian Banking, Kathryn Judge

Faculty Scholarship

Banking law shapes the structure of the banking system, which in turn shapes the structure of the economy. One of the most significant ways that banking law in the United States traditionally sought to promote Brandeisian values of stability and decentralization was through a combination of carrots and sticks that enabled small banks across the country to thrive. To see this requires a richer understanding of Brandeis as someone who valued not just atomistic competition but also small business and broad flourishing. It also requires a deeper understanding of the ways different parts of banking law worked together during the …

Racing Dobbs, Katherine M. Franke, Ria Tabacco Mar

Faculty Scholarship

In Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization, the U.S. Supreme Court reversed Roe v. Wade's limits on a state's ability to restrict, and indeed completely outlaw, abortion. The case raises fundamentally important questions about rights to reproductive autonomy, bodily integrity, sex equality, privacy, and health.

Upon closer examination, Dobbs is also about race and the nation's racial history, as the two papers published here argue. In Dreding Dobbs, Professor Katherine Franke suggests that Dobbs should be read alongside the Supreme Court's 1857 decision in Dred Scott v. Sandford, in which the Court held that Black people-even free or freed Black …

Researcher Access To Social Media Data: Lessons From Clinical Trial Data Sharing, Christopher J. Morten, Gabriel Nicholas, Salomé Viljoen

Faculty Scholarship

For years, social media companies have sparred with lawmakers over how much independent access to platform data they should provide researchers. Sharing data with researchers allows the public to better understand the risks and harms associated with social media, including areas such as misinformation, child safety, and political polarization. Yet researcher access is controversial. Privacy advocates and companies raise the potential privacy threats of researchers using such data irresponsibly. In addition, social media companies raise concerns over trade secrecy: the data these companies hold and the algorithms powered by that data are secretive sources of competitive advantage. This Article shows …

Patient Access To Health Device Data: Toward A Legal Framework, Charles Duan, Christopher J. Morten

Faculty Scholarship

New health care devices, including at-home diagnostic devices, are generating and aggregating data on patients’ health at a staggering pace. Yet much of that data is inaccessible because it is held in data siloes, most often cloud services controlled by device manufacturers. This proprietary siloing of patient data is problematic from ethical, economic, scientific, and broad public policy perspectives. This chapter frames these concerns and begins to sketch a regulatory framework for patient access to health care device data. As with other consumer data, breaking down siloes and securing patients’ access to their device data safeguards patients’ ownership interests, promotes …

Orders Without Law, Thomas P. Schmidt

Faculty Scholarship

This Review has two goals. The book, by design, largely steers clear of concrete reform proposals; its object is to trace the ways that the Court’s practices around emergency applications shifted over the Trump years and to urge that these developments warrant critical attention (pp. 24–25). My first goal, then, is to propose some reforms. These proposals orbit around a central contention: Any critique of the shadow docket and any proposed solution must depend, explicitly or implicitly, on a theory of the Court — its role in the constitutional order and how it can best serve that role. As a …

Clinical And Sociodemographic Characteristics As Predictors For Quality Of Life In Transmasculine And Transfeminine Individuals Receiving Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy, Saloni U. Lad, Jacob Sinopoli, Britt Conroy, Adam T. Perzynski, Juan P. Del Rincon

Faculty Scholarship

Healthcare systems and providers have increasingly acknowledged the role and impact of social determinants in overall health. However, gender-diverse individuals face persistent health disparities due to their identities. There is limited research on the impact of clinical and sociodemographic characteristics on mood and quality of life (QoL) for transgender (TG) individuals. Our study aims to understand and better elucidate social and clinical characteristics of transmasculine (TM) and transfeminine (TF) individuals and their impact on quality of life and depressive symptoms. In this cross-sectional study, 298 TF and TM individuals on gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) were surveyed about their demographic characteristics …

Keynote Address: "Attacking And Defending The Administrative State", Jack M. Beermann

Faculty Scholarship

At the beginning of this semester I told my students at Boston University that this is the most interesting time to take administrative law since I started teaching it nearly forty years ago. Doctrines that seemed settled just a few years ago have been questioned and significant change seems to be on the horizon. Don't get me wrong, we've been here before. In the 1970s and 1980s there were a few Supreme Court decisions on separation of powers¹ that indicated the possibility of big changes, but ultimately it fizzled out into the administrative law revolution that wasn't.

Things feel …

Ogoni Activism And Access To Remedy: Business And Human Rights From The Bottom Up, Ayodeji Kamau Perrin

Faculty Scholarship

Do court victories result in social change? Can victories in court result in losses outside of court? If victories in court are no guarantee of victory outside of court, how much worse are court defeats? This Article explores these questions in part through analyzing Ogoni litigation against Royal Dutch/Shell. In 2002, Esther Kiobel and several co-plaintiffs tried to hold Royal Dutch/Shell accountable for its role in the death of Kiobel’s husband and for wider corporate abuses and related state human rights violations in Ogoniland. But in 2013, a unanimous United States Supreme Court held that the Alien Tort Statute (ATS) …

Cell-Type Specific Molecular Expression Levels By Restricted-Dimensional Cytometry, David Kaplan, Hillard M. Lazarus

Faculty Scholarship

Background: Cytometric analysis has been commonly used to delineate distinct cell subpopulations among peripheral blood mononuclear cells by the differential expression of surface receptors. This capability has reached its apogee with high-dimensional approaches such as mass cytometry and spectral cytometry that include simultaneous assessment of 20–50 analytes. Unfortunately, this approach also engenders significant complexity with analytical and interpretational pitfalls. Methods: Here, we demonstrate a complementary approach with restricted-dimensionality to assess cell-type specific intracellular molecular expression levels at exceptional levels of precision. The expression of five analytes was individually assessed in four mononuclear cell-types from peripheral blood. Results: Distinctions in expression …

Brief For Amici Curiae Legal Scholars Supporting Respondent, Nicole Huberfeld, Timothy S. Jost, Linda C. Mcclain, Wendy E. Parmet, Erwin Chemerinsky, Elizabeth Mccuskey, Danielle Pelfrey Duryea, Gabriel Scheffler, George J. Annas

Faculty Scholarship

QUESTION PRESENTED: Whether the Emergency Medical Treatment and Labor Act, 42 U.S.C. § 1395dd, preempts Idaho law in the narrow but important circumstance where terminating a pregnancy is required to stabilize an emergency medical condition that would otherwise threaten serious harm to the pregnant woman’s health but the State prohibits an emergency-room physician from providing that care.

Nonpharmacologic Rate Control Of Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation In The Canine Sterile Pericarditis Model, Seungyup Lee, Don Wallick, Celeen Khrestian, Dragan Juzbasich, Daniel Laurita, Gregory Rushing, Jayakumar Sahadevan

Faculty Scholarship

Introduction: Postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is common following open heart surgery, and is associated with significant morbidity. Medications used for ventricular rate control of POAF may not be effective in controlling rapid ventricular rates during the postoperative period because of increased sympathetic tone. The purpose of this study was to develop nonpharmacologic rate control of POAF by atrioventricular node (AVN) fat pad stimulation using clinically available temporary pacing wires in the canine sterile pericarditis model. Methods: We studied 10 sterile pericarditis dogs in the closed-chest state on postoperative days 1−3. The AVN fat pad stimulation (amplitude 2–15 mA; frequency 20 …

The Transformation Of Social Work In Ukraine Before And During The War, Jaroslaw Richard Romaniuk, Kathleen J. Farkas

Faculty Scholarship

Background: This article aims to review the development of the social work profession in Ukraine and to describe the impact of social, economic and political changes on social work practices and education. Methods: A comprehensive literature review and participant observation methods informed this study. A case study of a Polish community’s response to Ukrainian war refugees illustrates how social workers might capitalize on current social structures to continue strengthening civil society in Ukraine. Findings and Discussion: Social Work, focusing on the fit between person and environment, is shaped by knowledge, culture and belief systems. Ukraine’s history and transition from communist/centralized …

Preserving Linguistic Diversity In The Digital Age: A Scalable Model For Cultural Heritage Continuity, James Hutson, Pace Ellsworth, Matt Ellsworth

Faculty Scholarship

In the face of the rapid erosion of both tangible and intangible cultural heritage globally, the urgency for effective, wide-ranging preservation methods has never been greater. Traditional approaches in cultural preservation often focus narrowly on specific niches, overlooking the broader cultural tapestry, particularly the preservation of everyday cultural elements. This article addresses this critical gap by advocating for a comprehensive, scalable model for cultural preservation that leverages machine learning and big data analytics. This model aims to document and archive a diverse range of cultural artifacts, encompassing both extraordinary and mundane aspects of heritage. A central issue highlighted in the …

Bipolar Symptoms, Somatic Burden And Functioning In Older-Age Bipolar Disorder: A Replication Study From The Global Aging & Geriatric Experiments In Bipolar Disorder Database (Gage-Bd) Project, Martha Sajatovic, Farren B.S Briggs, Kaylee Sarna, Joy Yala

Faculty Scholarship

Objectives: The Global Aging & Geriatric Experiments in Bipolar Disorder Database (GAGE-BD) project pools archival datasets on older age bipolar disorder (OABD). An initial Wave 1 (W1; n = 1369) analysis found both manic and depressive symptoms reduced among older patients. To replicate this finding, we gathered an independent Wave 2 (W2; n = 1232, mean ± standard deviation age 47.2 ± 13.5, 65% women, 49% aged over 50) dataset. Design/Methods: Using mixed models with random effects for cohort, we examined associations between BD symptoms, somatic burden and age and the contribution of these to functioning in W2 and the …

Outcomes Of Hepatic Artery-Based Therapies And Systemic Multiagent Chemotherapy In Unresectable Colorectal Liver Metastases: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Henry Stitzel, Victoria Wu, David Bajor, Sakti Chakrabarti, Madison Conces, Lauren Henke, Melissa Lumish, Amit Mahipal, Amr Mohamed, Jordan M. Winter, Jeffrey M. Hardacre, John B. Ammori, Jennifer E. Selfridge, Lee M. Ocuin

Faculty Scholarship

Background: Treatment of unresectable colorectal liver metastases (UCRLM) includes locoregional and systemic therapy. A comprehensive analysis capturing long-term outcomes of these treatment options has not been performed. Objective: A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to calculate pooled outcomes of hepatic artery infusion with systemic chemotherapy (HAI-S), transarterial chemoembolization with systemic chemotherapy (TACE-S), transarterial radioembolization with systemic chemotherapy (TARE-S), doublet (FOLFOX, FOLFIRI), and triplet chemotherapy (FOLFOXIRI). Methods: Outcomes included overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), rate of conversion to resection (CTR), and response rate (RR). Results: A total of 32, 7, 9, and 14 publications were included in the HAI-S, …

Seeking Sufficient And Appropriate Care During The First Year After Spinal Cord Injury: A Qualitative Study, Anne M. Bryden, Brian Gran

Faculty Scholarship

Study design: Longitudinal qualitative study, based on a constructivist grounded theory and transformative approach. Objectives: This study investigated experiences of individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) while navigating rehabilitation, resources for recovery, and community reintegration during the first year after injury. Setting: An acute inpatient rehabilitation facility in the Midwest United States. Methods: In-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 individuals with newly-acquired SCI. Interviews were conducted approximately every other month for one year, beginning at acute inpatient rehabilitation. Data were analyzed and interpreted using a constructivist grounded theory approach and transformative paradigm, which examines power and social structures within …

Association Of Semaglutide With Reduced Incidence And Relapse Of Cannabis Use Disorder In Real-World Populations: A Retrospective Cohort Study, William Wang, Nathan A. Berger, Pamela B. Davis, David C. Kaelber, Rong Xu

Faculty Scholarship

Cannabis is the most frequently used illicit drug in the United States with more than 45 million users of whom one-third suffer from a cannabis use disorder (CUD). Despite its high prevalence, there are currently no FDA-approved medications for CUD. Patients treated with semaglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) approved for treating type 2 diabetes (T2D) and for weight management have reported reduced desire to drink and smoke. Preclinical studies have shown that semaglutide decreased nicotine and alcohol consumption. Preclinical and preliminary clinical evidence of semaglutide’s potential beneficial effects on various substance use disorders led us to evaluate if …