Digital Commons Network^™

The Longitudinal Relationship Between Broken Windows And Sexual Behaviors Among African American Girls In Juvenile Detention: The Moderating Effects Of Sexual Sensation Seeking And Parental Monitoring, Dexter R. Voisin

Faculty Scholarship

Objective: Broken windows theory has been applied in public health to understand how neighborhood disadvantage contributes to health risk and disparities. This longitudinal study examined the relationship between a broken windows index (i.e., a proxy for neighborhood disadvantage) and sexual behaviors and whether sexual sensation-seeking behaviors and parental monitoring moderated that relationship. Method: Participants were 188 African American adolescent girls incarcerated in a short-term detention facility in Atlanta, GA. Participants completed audio computer-assisted self-interviews at baseline, 3, and 6 months; interviews assessed neighborhood disadvantage, sexual risk behaviors, sexual sensation seeking, parental monitoring, and demographics. Results: Longitudinal findings indicate that the …

Immigration Detention And Illusory Alternatives To Habeas, Fatma Marouf

Faculty Scholarship

The Supreme Court has never directly addressed whether, or under what circumstances, a writ of habeas corpus may be used to challenge the conditions of detention, as opposed to the fact or duration of detention. Consequently, a circuit split exists on habeas jurisdiction over conditions claims. The COVID-19 pandemic brought this issue into the spotlight as detained individuals fearing infection, serious illness, and death requested release through habeas petitions around the country. One of the factors that courts considered in deciding whether to exercise habeas jurisdiction was whether alternative remedies exist, through a civil rights or tort-based action. This Article …

Omicron Infection Milder In Nursing Home Residents, Robin L.P. Jump

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Toward Evidence-Based Antiracist Policymaking: Problems And Proposals For Better Racial Data Collection And Reporting, Neda Khoshkhoo, Aviva Geiger Schwarz, Luisa Godinez Puig, Caitlin Glass, Geoffrey S. Holtzman, Elaine O. Nsoesie, Jasmine Gonzales Rose

Faculty Scholarship

The study of data concerning racial and ethnic inequities and disparities allows us to better understand experiences of racism, and to see more clearly how and where racism manifests. Studying the effects of racism, in turn, allows us to more easily identify racist policies, so that we can craft antiracist interventions.

Existing race and ethnicity data collection efforts are riddled with gaps and errors, including missing and incomplete data, insufficiently disaggregated data, lack of meaningful longitudinal data, infrequently updated data, non-standardized methodologies, and other problems. These deficiencies significantly hinder evidence-based antiracist policymaking.

This policy report examines the state of racial …

The Public/Private Distinction In Public Health: The Case Of Covid-19, Jason Jackson, Aziza Ahmed

Faculty Scholarship

In this Essay, we argue that the paradigm of the public/private distinction is implicitly operating as a primary frame in the public health response to the pandemic. The public/private distinction is particularly evident in the guidance around masking and other risk-mitigation policies and advice issued by public health agencies. This public health approach reifies the notion of the home as an exceptional private space that exists outside of the possibility of COVID-19 transmission, obscuring the reality of the high risk of transmission in some households. 8 We argue that the manifestation of the public/private distinction in the COVID-19 response is …

The Potentials And Challenges Of Zoom Live Theatre During Coronavirus Lockdown: Pandemic Therapy And Corona Chicken (Part Two), Khaled Mostafa Karam

Faculty Scholarship

This study discusses the potentials and challenges of Zoom theatre performances during the lockdown caused by the Covid-19 pandemic. It examines the utilization and applicability of videoconferencing software Zoom, and other streaming software compatible with it, in creating a viable performance option for theatre practitioners and audiences during mandatory social distancing. Such software can be a strategy for social inclusion, alleviating the adverse effects of extended quarantine. The article also discusses the technical and performative aspects of Zoom theatre, pointing out its pros and cons. It uses a critical and analytical approach to performances of two Zoom plays, Pandemic Therapy …

The Time-Varying Cardiovascular Benefits Of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist Therapy In Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Evidence From Large Multinational Trials, Salil V. Deo, Yakov Elgudin

Faculty Scholarship

Aims: To evaluate the time-varying cardio-protective effect of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) using pooled data from eight contemporary cardiovascular outcome trials using the difference in the restricted mean survival time (ΔRMST) as the effect estimate. Material and Methods: Data from eight multinational cardiovascular outcome randomized controlled trials of GLP-1RAs for type 2 diabetes mellitus were pooled. Flexible parametric survival models were fit from published Kaplan-Meier plots. The differences between arms in RMST (ΔRMST) were calculated at 12, 24, 36 and 48 months. ΔRMST values were pooled using an inverse variance-weighted random-effects model; heterogeneity was tested with Cochran's Q statistic. …

Consumer Law As An Axis Of Economic Inequality, Daniel Markovits, Barak D. Richman, Rory Van Loo

Faculty Scholarship

In the standard paradigm of consumer law, a voluntary transaction is supposed to be welfare enhancing for each of the parties involved. We challenge this foundational presumption and ask to what extent many common consumer contracts are in fact extractive despite resulting from voluntary exchanges. With inequality growing throughout the world, to a degree that threatens the stability of both the economies and governments of even the wealthiest nations, we ask this fundamental question in an effort to identify root causes of inequality and to mark some guideposts for the articles that follow. Taken together, our speculations suggest that the …

Comparing Learning Retention In Medical Students Using Mixed-Reality To Supplement Dissection: A Preliminary Study, Preethy S. Sridharan, Curtis Tatsuoka, Mark A. Griswold, Susanne Wish-Baratz

Faculty Scholarship

Objectives: To evaluate student impressions of learning anatomy with mixed-reality and compare long-term information retention of female breast anatomy between students who learned with a mixed-reality supplement and their classmates who dissected cadavers. Methods: In Part 1, 38 first-year medical student volunteers, randomly divided into two groups, completed a mixed-reality module and cadaveric dissection on the female breast in a counterbalanced design. Participants also completed post-quizzes and surveys. Part 2 was a non-randomized controlled trial, 8-months after completing Part 1 and 6-months after a final exam on this content. The performance of twenty-two Part 1 participants and 129 of their …

A Mixed-Methods, Cross-Sectional Study Of Perceived Stigma Among Ugandans With Epilepsy, Carol Blixen, Martha Sajatovic

Faculty Scholarship

Background: Epilepsy is associated with stigma and negatively impacts the lives of people living with epilepsy (PLWE) and their immediate families. More understanding of the stigma and discrimination experienced by PLWE in sub-Saharan Africa is needed. Methods: In a cross-sectional, mixed methods study, forty- eight PLWE who met the study inclusion criteria were enrolled. In depth interviews and focus group discussions were conducted and were audiotaped and transcribed verbatim. Analysis was conducted using a thematic, constant comparative approach with an emphasis on dominant themes. Perceived stigma was measured using the Kilifi epilepsy stigma score. Associations between socio-demographic factors and Kilifi …

Anti‐Cd20 Therapeutic Options In Immune‐Mediated Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura, Robert W. Maitta

Faculty Scholarship

Immunosuppression with rituximab in immune-mediated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura helps decrease production of autoantibody mediating ADAMTS13 clearance from circulation. Failure to respond to rituximab in a satisfactory way or made difficult by adverse events to the medication does not represent a reason to stop considering anti-CD20 therapies to control antibody production. Therefore, both of atumumab and obinutuzumab with specificity to CD20, represent potentially valuable therapeutic tools in patients who are not candidates for rituximab. Commentary on: Doyle et al. The use of obinutuzumab and ofatumumab in the treatment of immune thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Br J Haematol. 2022;198:391-396.1.

Civil Procedure Update 2022 (Handout And Slide Deck), Verónica C. Gonzales, Julio C. Romero

Faculty Scholarship

This presentation aims to 1) review recent amendments to the state and federal rules of civil procedure; 2) help you understand the impact of recent federal and state published opinions interpreting and applying the rules of civil procedure; and 3) assess your understanding of the updates.

The Nested Embryonic Dorsal Domains Of Bmp-Target Genes Are Not Scaled To Size During The Evolution Of Drosophila Species, Juan Sebastian Chahda, Priscilla Ambrosi, Claudia M. Mizutani

Faculty Scholarship

Egg size is a fast-evolving trait among Drosophilids expected to change the spatial distribution of morphogens that pattern the embryonic axes. Here we asked whether the patterning of the dorsal region of the embryo by the Decapentaplegic/Bone Morphogenetic Protein-4 (DPP/BMP-4) gradient is scaled among Drosophila species with different egg sizes. This region specifies the extra-embryonic tissue amnioserosa and the ectoderm. We find that the entire dorsal region scales with embryo size, but the gene expression patterns regulated by DPP are not proportional, suggesting that the DPP gradient is differentially scaled during evolution. To further test whether the DPP gradient can …

Training The Next Generation Of Translational Scientists: The Case Western Reserve University Translational Fellows Program, Cheryl L. Thompson, Tessianna A. Misko, Mark R. Chance

Faculty Scholarship

Background: An important part of biomedical research is the translation of discoveries into clinical or community applications that impact patient health. For a vast majority of clinical applications and sustainable community interventions, a time-tested way to get innovations to patients is through licensing of the technology and commercial development, often through startups. While biomedical scientists and trainees are schooled in discovery research, the processes of commercialization are foreign or intimidating. Further, many trainees will not aspire to a faculty position, and other avenues of advancement are desirable. Methods: At Case Western Reserve University, we developed and launched a Translational Fellows …

Anisotropic Colloidal Particles Near Boundaries, Jiarui Yan, Christopher L. Wirth

Faculty Scholarship

Anisotropic colloidal particles are regularly found in applications ranging from health to energy. These particles, typically with non-uniform shape or surface chemistry, interact with boundaries in unique ways, offering pathways to complex assemblies and active systems. Work in this field over the past two decades rapidly advanced, with the last five years seeing significant innovation. One common thread joining many studies and applications is that of the presence of boundaries in the form of a nearby wall or neighboring particle. Asymmetry introduced by a neighboring boundary often leads to unique and surprising particle dynamics from the resulting anisotropic surface interactions. …

Optimization Of Through-Time Radial Grappa With Coil Compression And Weight Sharing, Dominique Franson, James Ahad

Faculty Scholarship

Purpose: This work proposes principal component analysis (PCA) coil compression and weight sharing to reduce acquisition and reconstruction time of through-time radial GRAPPA. Methods: Through-time radial GRAPPA enables ungated free-breathing motion-resolved cardiac imaging but requires a long calibration acquisition and GRAPPA weight calculation time. PCA coil compression reduces calibration data requirements and associated acquisition time, and weight sharing reduces the number of unique GRAPPA weight sets and associated weight computation time. In vivo cardiac data reconstructed with coil compression and weight sharing are compared to a gold standard to demonstrate improvement in calibration acquisition and reconstruction performance with minimal loss …

The Effect Of Objectively Collected Medication Adherence Information On Bipolar I And Major Depressive Disorder Treatment Decisions: A Randomized Case Vignette Study Of Psychiatric Clinicians, Martha Sajatovic

Faculty Scholarship

Background: Adherence to antipsychotic medications is critical for treatment and relapse prevention in serious mental illness. Accurate assessment of medication adherence can be difficult, clinicians frequently overestimate patient adherence, and new accurate methods assessing medication adherence are needed. This study estimated the influence of antipsychotic medication adherence information on clinician treatment decisions among patients with bipolar I (BD) and major depressive (MDD) disorders. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional, random assignment survey of psychiatric clinicians who prescribe medication for the treatment of BD and/or MDD. Clinicians (N = 180) were recruited using national association lists and were presented with either …

"For You There Are No Strangers": Albert Schweitzer And The Ethics Of Necessity In Pandemic America, Joel (J.T.) Young

Faculty Scholarship

Claiming millions of lives and affecting millions more, the Covid-19 pandemic has thrust humanity into a period of intense reflection on the fragility of life. However, in this time when people have been encouraged to care for their fellow human beings by taking the precautions necessary to protect one another, many have asked the same question as one of Jesus’ antagonistic opponents in the Gospel of Luke: “and who is my neighbor?” In addition to the virus, though, the United States has been plagued by another adversary: non-necessity toward the other. By claiming no responsibility for the well-being and care …

Creating Lightbulb Moments: Developing Higher-Order Thinking In Family Law Classrooms Through Court Observations, Sonia Gipson Rankin

Faculty Scholarship

This article fills a critical gap in the family law literature by arguing that teaching doctrinal family law in conjunction with the application of established learning theory and pedagogy yields a deeper engagement with the subject matter and leads to more practice-ready lawyers. ABA Standards 301, 303, and 304 do not clearly articulate the distinction between experiential education and experiential learning; doctrinal law classrooms are often bereft of experiential learning activities. By incorporating active learning and inclusive pedagogy in the doctrinal classroom and following recommendations from the MacCrate Report and Family Law Education Reform Project, students will be better prepared …

Against Political Speech, John M. Kang

Faculty Scholarship

The Supreme Court has dedicated itself to the proposition that political speech, more than any other category of speech, is deserving of the highest protection. A succession of cases amply supports this proposition. In Virginia v. Black, the Court announced that "lawful political speech [is] at the core of what the First Amendment is designed to protect." The Court similarly declared in Monitor Patriot Co. v. Roy that the First Amendment "has its fullest and most urgent application" to political speech. In McIntyre v. Ohio Elections Commission, the Court held that "handing out leaflets in the advocacy of …

Moving Law Schools Forward By Design: Designing Law School Curricula To Transfer Learning From Classroom Theory To Clinical Practice And Beyond, April Land, Aliza Organick

Faculty Scholarship

Calls for reform of legal education are long-standing and have been renewed with vigor and an increasing demand for “practice-ready” lawyers. As part of these reforms, changes to the American Bar Association Standards have been made that now require law schools to provide experiential learning opportunities, to define specific objectives, and to show that students are making progress toward those objectives. A rapidly developing area of study regarding professional identity formation stresses the importance of supporting and guiding students through experiential learning throughout the course of law school. Additionally, as part of its accreditation process, the ABA will now evaluate …

Sprinting A Marathon: Next Steps For Gender Equity In Criminal Law Employment, Maryam Ahranjani

Faculty Scholarship

In an era when women’s hard-fought and hard-earned participation in the workforce is in peril, the ABA Criminal Justice Section’s Women in Criminal Justice Task Force (TF) continues its groundbreaking work of documenting challenges in hiring, retention, and promotion of women criminal lawyers. Sprinting a Marathon follows up on the initial findings of the TF as published in the Berkeley Journal of Criminal Law and the ABA Criminal Justice magazine and on the ABA Criminal Justice Section website. This Article describes the results of a survey of diverse criminal lawyers and judges conducted at the end of 2020, as well …

The Color Of Justice, Alexis Hoag

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

State Attorneys General And The Public Nuisance Doctrine: Lessons To Be Derived From State Ex Rel. Attorney General Of Oklahoma V. Johnson & Johnson, John S. Baker Jr, Joanmarie Davoli

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Embracing Crimmigration To Curtail Immigration Detention, Pedro Gerson

Faculty Scholarship

Immigration advocates have long objected to both the constitutionality and conditions of immigration detention. However, legal challenges to the practice have been largely unsuccessful due to immigration law’s “exceptionality.” Placing recent litigation carried out against immigration detention during the COVID-19 pandemic within the context of the judiciary’s approach to immigration, this Article argues that litigation is an extremely limited strategic avenue to curtail the use of immigration detention. I then argue that anti-immigration detention advocates should attempt to incorporate their agenda into criminal legal reform and decarceration efforts. This is important for both movements. Normatively, immigration detention raises comparable issues: …

Groundwater Policy And Planning, Jenny Grönwall, Marianne Kjellén, Gabriel Eckstein, Kerstin Danert, Lesha Witmer, Rebecca Welling, Viviana Re, Katharina Davis, Lulu Zhang

Faculty Scholarship

Groundwater policy defines objectives, ambitions and priorities for managing groundwater resources, for the benefit of society. Planning translates policy into programmes of action. Both are often part of a wider water resource policy and planning framework, but the specific challenges pertaining to groundwater have traditionally received less attention than surface water.

The terms ‘policy,’ ‘strategy’ and ‘plans’ are used interchangeably in many countries and contexts.

Legal And Other Institutional Aspects Of Groundwater Governance, Jenny Grönwall, Marianne Kjellén, Alice Aureli, Stefano Burchi, Mohamed Bazza, Raya Marina Stephan, Gabriel Eckstein, Lesha Witmer, Margreet Zwarteveen, Aurélien Dumont, Danielle Gaillar-Picher, Rio Hada, Rebecca Welling, Maki Tsujimura

Faculty Scholarship

This chapter defines the linked concepts of groundwater governance and groundwater management, explaining how they differ from each other. Then, it describes the prevailing legal instruments for, and the institutional aspects of, groundwater management and governance.

Steering Loan Modifications Post-Pandemic, Pamela Foohey, Dalié Jiménez, Christopher K. Odinet

Faculty Scholarship

As part of federal and state relief programs created during the COVID-19 pandemic, many American households received pauses on their largest debts, particularly on mortgages and student loans. Others may have come to agreements with their lenders, likewise pausing or altering payment on other debts, such as auto loans and credit cards. This relief allowed households to allocate their savings and income to necessary expenses, like groceries, utilities, and medicine. But forbearance does not equal forgiveness. At the end of the various relief periods and moratoria, people will have to resume paying all their debts, the amounts of which may …

Evaluating Legal Needs, Luz E. Herrera, Amber Baylor, Nandita Chaudhuri, Felipe Hinojosa

Faculty Scholarship

This article is the first to explore legal needs in the Rio Grande Valley of Texas––a region that is predominantly Latinx and has both rural and urban characteristics. There are few legal needs assessments of majority Latinx communities, and none that examine needs in areas that are also U.S. border communities. Access to justice studies often overlook this area of the U.S. and this segment of the population despite their unique qualities. Latinos are projected to constitute the largest ethnic group in the country by 2060, making it imperative that we study access to justice-related assets, needs, opportunities, and barriers …

From Pandemic To Pedagogy: Teaching The Technology Of Lawyering In Law Clinics, Sarah R. Boonin, Luz E. Herrera

Faculty Scholarship

The COVID-19 pandemic has transformed the nation’s approach to work and learning. Law schools, law firms, courts, and administrative agencies abruptly closed their offices and quickly reimagined how to perform their daily functions remotely. Many of these institutions have plans to maintain aspects of remote operations and services post-pandemic. With this in mind, the authors of this Article conducted a survey of law school clinical faculty during the winter of 2021 to better understand how clinicians pivoted their instruction and practice using technology during the pandemic. The authors use the survey results to show how the COVID-19 experience positions clinical …