Digital Commons Network^™

Government Counterspeech, Jamal Greene

Faculty Scholarship

We are awash in lies. Misinformation has always been with us, but the endemicity of social media and the depth of political polarization in the United States and elsewhere has enabled falsehoods to be amplified, monetized, microtargeted, and spread around the world at unprecedented speed and scale. The consequences for democracy, public health, and social harmony are emergent and grave.

Misinformation presents one of the most vexing challenges for content moderation on social media (and off it, such as on cable news) for myriad reasons. Because misinformation can be difficult or controversial to define, policing it risks chilling core political …

Investigation Of Flow Boiling Critical Heat Flux And Heat Transfer Within A Horizontally Oriented Channel With One-Sided Heating At Three Levels Of Subcooled Inlet, Chinmay Shingote, Cho Ning Huang, Chirag Kharangate

Faculty Scholarship

The aim of this study is to investigate the impact heater orientation and inlet conditions on heat transfer mechanisms during flow boiling, inside horizontally oriented rectangular channel using PF-5060. The experimental setup allows both upward and downward-facing single-sided heating configurations. Various inlet mass flux are examined, along with different levels of inlet subcooling. The impact of gravity is studied using flow visualization. During downward facing heating, vapor accumulates along the copper heater wall due to buoyancy effects resulting in notably low CHF and heat transfer values. In contrast, with upward facing heating, buoyancy assists in extraction of vapor from the …

Standing Between Private Parties, Thomas P. Schmidt

Faculty Scholarship

Standing is generally framed as a doctrine about plaintiffs. The basic question, the Supreme Court has said, is “whether the plaintiff is the proper party” to invoke the federal judicial power. Asking that question tends to obscure a natural corollary: Against whom? This Article attends to the other side of the “v.” It argues that suits against private parties should be treated differently from suits against government officials for standing purposes because these two types of suits raise different structural concerns. Notwithstanding its focus on plaintiffs, the Supreme Court has said repeatedly that standing is “built” on the “single basic …

Understanding The Utility Of Less Than Six-Month Prognosis Using Administrative Data Among U.S. Nursing Home Residents With Cancer, Long Vu, Siran M. Koroukian, Sara L. Douglas, Hannah L. Fein

Faculty Scholarship

Background: There is a dearth of studies evaluating the utility of reporting prognostication among nursing home (NH) residents with cancer. Objective: To study factors associated with documented less than six-month prognosis, and its relationship with end-of-life (EOL) care quality measures among residents with cancer. Methods: The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results linked with Medicare, and the Minimum Data Set databases was used to identify 20,397 NH residents in the United States with breast, colorectal, lung, pancreatic, or prostate cancer who died between July 2016 and December 2018. Of these, 2205 residents (10.8%) were documented with less than six-month prognosis upon …

Sex Differences Among Older Adults With Bipolar Disorder: Results From The Global Aging & Geriatric Experiments In Bipolar Disorder (Gage-Bd) Project, Kaylee Sarna, Joy Yala, Farren B.S. Briggs, Martha Sajatovic

Faculty Scholarship

Objective: Sex-specific research in adult bipolar disorder (BD) is sparse and even more so among those with older age bipolar disorder (OABD). Knowledge about sex differences across the bipolar lifespan is urgently needed to target and improve treatment. To address this gap, the current study examined sex differences in the domains of clinical presentation, general functioning, and mood symptoms among individuals with OABD. Methods: This Global Aging & Geriatric Experiments in Bipolar Disorder (GAGE-BD) study used data from 19 international studies including BD patients aged ≥50 years (N = 1,185: 645 women, 540 men).A comparison of mood symptoms between women …

Electronic Relaxation Mechanism Of 9-Methyl-2,6-Diaminopurine And 2,6-Diaminopurine-2′-Deoxyribose In Solution, Luis A. Ortiz-Rodríguez, Naishka E. Caldero-Rodríguez, Sourav Kanti Seth, Karitza Díaz-González, Carlos E. Crespo-Hernández

Faculty Scholarship

Prolonged ultraviolet exposure results in the formation of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) in RNA. Consequently, prebiotic photolesion repair mechanisms should have played an important role in the maintenance of the structural integrity of primitive nucleic acids. 2,6-Diaminopurine is a prebiotic nucleobase that repairs CPDs with high efficiency when incorporated into polymers. We investigate the electronic deactivation pathways of 2,6-diaminopurine-2′-deoxyribose and 9-methyl-2,6-diaminopurine in acetonitrile and aqueous solution to shed light on the photophysical and excited state properties of the 2,6-diaminopurine chromophore. Evidence is presented that both are photostable compounds exhibiting similar deactivation mechanisms upon the population of the S1(ππ* La) state …

A General Materials Data Science Framework For Quantitative 2d Analysis Of Particle Growth From Image Sequences, Sameera Nalin Venkat, Thomas G. Ciardi, Mingjian Lu, Preston C. Deleo, Jube Augustino, Adam Goodman, Jayvic Cristian Jimenez, Anirban Mondal, Frank Ernst, Yinghui Wu, Roger H. French, Laura S. Bruckman

Faculty Scholarship

Phase transformations are a challenging problem in materials science, which lead to changes in properties and may impact performance of material systems in various applications. We introduce a general framework for the analysis of particle growth kinetics by utilizing concepts from machine learning and graph theory. As a model system, we use image sequences of atomic force microscopy showing the crystallization of an amorphous fluoroelastomer film. To identify crystalline particles in an amorphous matrix and track the temporal evolution of the particle dispersion, we have developed quantitative methods of 2D analysis. 700 image sequences were analyzed using a neural network …

Structuralism In Differential Equations, Colin Mclarty

Faculty Scholarship

Structuralism in philosophy of mathematics has largely focused on arithmetic, algebra, and basic analysis. Some have doubted whether distinctively structural working methods have any impact in other fields such as differential equations. We show narrowly construed structuralism as offered by Benacerraf has no practical role in differential equations. But Dedekind’s approach to the continuum already did not fit that narrow sense, and little of mathematics today does. We draw on one calculus textbook, one celebrated analysis textbook, and a monograph on the Navier–Stokes equation to show structural methods like Dedekind’s have long been central to differential equations, and have philosophically …

Identifying Virtual Care Modality In Electronic Health Record Data, Kurt C. Stange

Faculty Scholarship

Background: Virtual care increased dramatically during the COVID-19 pandemic. The specific modality of virtual care (video, audio, eVisits, eConsults, and remote patient monitoring) has important implications for the accessibility and quality of care, but rates of use are relatively unknown. Methods for identifying virtual care modalities, especially in electronic health records (EHR) are inconsistent. This study (a) developed a method to identify virtual care modalities using EHR data and (b) described the distribution of these modalities over a 3-year study period. Methods: EHR data from 316 primary care safety net clinics throughout the study period (4/1/2020-3/31/2023) were included. Visit type …

Stem Cell And Neural Progenitor Cell Therapy For Neurogenic Bladder—Where Are We In 2023?, Ilaha Isali, Thomas R. Wong, Adonis Hijaz

Faculty Scholarship

Purpose of Review: This review aims to consolidate the currently available literature regarding the treatment of neurogenic bladder (NGB) with stem cells or neural progenitor cells (NPCs). Recent Findings: Several promising studies published in the past 5 years suggest therapeutic potential of stem cells in treating NGB. In vitro models of NGB have demonstrated the efficacy of stem cells from varying sources to induce nerve regeneration while simultaneously improving bladder function parameters. Additionally, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were found to inhibit fibrosis through the TGF-β1 signaling pathway while their effects were potentiated by elevated levels of BDNF or SDF-1. Among …

A General Materials Data Science Framework For Quantitative 2d Analysis Of Particle Growth From Image Sequences, Sameera Nalin Venkat, Thomas G. Ciardi, Mingjian Lu, Preston C. Deleo, Jube Augustino, Adam Goodman, Jayvic Cristian Jimenez, Anirban Mondal [email protected], Frank Ernst, Yinghui Wu, Roger H. French, Laura S. Bruckman

Faculty Scholarship

Phase transformations are a challenging problem in materials science, which lead to changes in properties and may impact performance of material systems in various applications. We introduce a general framework for the analysis of particle growth kinetics by utilizing concepts from machine learning and graph theory. As a model system, we use image sequences of atomic force microscopy showing the crystallization of an amorphous fluoroelastomer film. To identify crystalline particles in an amorphous matrix and track the temporal evolution of the particle dispersion, we have developed quantitative methods of 2D analysis. 700 image sequences were analyzed using a neural network …

Factors Influencing Music Therapists’ Retention Of Clinical Hours With Autistic Clients Over Telehealth During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Nicole M. Richard Williams

Faculty Scholarship

The COVID-19 pandemic influenced music therapists to migrate services to online platforms, though some lost clinical hours during the pandemic when telehealth was not a viable option. This survey study aimed to ascertain factors that helped music-based therapists to continue serving autistic clients over telehealth during the pandemic. We surveyed 193 accredited music therapists located mainly in Canada and the United States. In addition to gathering data on general perceptions of telehealth music therapy and Neurologic Music Therapy® (NMT), one-way ANOVAs were applied to determine differences in percent-change loss of clinical hours for music therapists: 1) working in different employment …

Integrating Multiscale Geospatial Analysis For Monitoring Crop Growth, Nutrient Distribution, And Hydrological Dynamics In Large-Scale Agricultural Systems, Olatunde D. Akanbi, Deepa C. Bhuvanagiri, Erika I. Barcelos, Arafath Nihar, Brian Gonzalez Hernandez, Jeffrey M. Yarus, Roger H. French

Faculty Scholarship

Monitoring crop growth, soil conditions, and hydrological dynamics are imperative for sustainable agriculture and reduced environmental impacts. This interdisciplinary study integrates remote sensing, digital soil mapping, and hydrological data to elucidate intricate connections between these factors in the state of Ohio, USA. Advanced spatiotemporal analysis techniques were applied to key datasets, including the MODIS sensor satellite imagery, USDA crop data, soil datasets, Aster GDEM, and USGS stream gauge measurements. Vegetation indices derived from MODIS characterized crop-specific phenology and productivity patterns. Exploratory spatial data analysis show relationships of vegetation dynamics and soil properties, uncovering links between plant vigor, edaphic fertility, and …

Integrating Multiscale Geospatial Analysis For Monitoring Crop Growth, Nutrient Distribution, And Hydrological Dynamics In Large-Scale Agricultural Systems, Olatunde D. Akanbi, Deepa C. Bhuvanagiri, Erika I. Barcelos, Arafath Nihar, Brian Gonzalez Hernandez, Jeffrey M. Yarus, Roger H. French

Faculty Scholarship

Monitoring crop growth, soil conditions, and hydrological dynamics are imperative for sustainable agriculture and reduced environmental impacts. This interdisciplinary study integrates remote sensing, digital soil mapping, and hydrological data to elucidate intricate connections between these factors in the state of Ohio, USA. Advanced spatiotemporal analysis techniques were applied to key datasets, including the MODIS sensor satellite imagery, USDA crop data, soil datasets, Aster GDEM, and USGS stream gauge measurements. Vegetation indices derived from MODIS characterized crop-specific phenology and productivity patterns. Exploratory spatial data analysis show relationships of vegetation dynamics and soil properties, uncovering links between plant vigor, edaphic fertility, and …

Using Spatio-Temporal Graph Neural Networks To Estimate Fleet-Wide Photovoltaic Performance Degradation Patterns, Yangxin Fan, Raymond Wieser, Xuanji Yu, Yinghui Wu, Laura S. Bruckman, Roger H. French

Faculty Scholarship

Accurate estimation of photovoltaic (PV) system performance is crucial for determining its feasibility as a power generation technology and financial asset. PV-based energy solutions offer a viable alternative to traditional energy resources due to their superior Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE). A significant challenge in assessing the LCOE of PV systems lies in understanding the Performance Loss Rate (PLR) for large fleets of PV systems. Estimating the PLR of PV systems becomes increasingly important in the rapidly growing PV industry. Precise PLR estimation benefits PV users by providing real-time monitoring of PV module performance, while explainable PLR estimation assists PV …

Using Spatio-Temporal Graph Neural Networks To Estimate Fleet-Wide Photovoltaic Performance Degradation Patterns, Yangxin Fan, Raymond Wieser, Xuanji Yu, Yinghui Wu, Laura S. Bruckman, Roger H. French

Faculty Scholarship

Accurate estimation of photovoltaic (PV) system performance is crucial for determining its feasibility as a power generation technology and financial asset. PV-based energy solutions offer a viable alternative to traditional energy resources due to their superior Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE). A significant challenge in assessing the LCOE of PV systems lies in understanding the Performance Loss Rate (PLR) for large fleets of PV systems. Estimating the PLR of PV systems becomes increasingly important in the rapidly growing PV industry. Precise PLR estimation benefits PV users by providing real-time monitoring of PV module performance, while explainable PLR estimation assists PV …

Dose Tapering And Discontinuation Of Biologic Dmards In Axial Spondyloarthritis: A Narrative Review (2023 Spartan Annual Meeting Proceedings), Haseeb Chaudhary, Ansaam Daoud, Marina Magrey

Faculty Scholarship

Purpose of Review: Limited data is available for tapering or discontinuation of biologic therapy in patients with axSpA who are in disease remission. The current review concentrates on published studies regarding dose tapering or withdrawal of biologics in axSpA. Recent Findings: Recent evidence in light of randomized controlled trials suggests that tapering of b-DMARDs is a feasible strategy to maintain remission or low disease activity in axSpA patients. TNF inhibitors were the studied biologics in most of these trials. The disease flare rates were comparable to those maintained on standard dose in most of these studies, although with variable tapering …

Composition-Property Relationships Of Choline Based Eutectic Solvents: Impact Of The Hydrogen Bond Donor And Co2 Saturation, Ruth Dikki, Vaishali Khokhar, Muhammad Zeeshan, Oguz Kagan Coskun, Burcu Gurkan

Faculty Scholarship

Eutectic solvents are tunable for targeted applications through the functional groups in their hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) and hydrogen bond donor (HBD) components, as well as the HBA : HBD composition ratio. This study examines the properties of choline-based eutectics containing imidazole, phenol, pyrrole-2-carbonitrile, and 1,2,4-triazole HBAs, and ethylene glycol, 1,2-propylene glycol, and ethanolamine HBDs. The viscosity, conductivity, degree of hydrogen bonding, thermal stability, and solvatochromic properties are examined as a function of HBA, HBD, and the composition. These studies revealed a predominant dependence of physical properties on the HBD and determined that the strong hydrogen bonding in phenol and …

Intracellular Neural Control Of An Active Feeding Structure In Aplysia Using A Carbon Fiber Electrode Array, Yu Huan, Benjamin N. Tibbetts, Hillel J. Chiel

Faculty Scholarship

Background: To study neural control of behavior, intracellular recording and stimulation of many neurons in freely moving animals would be ideal. However, current technologies limit the number of neurons that can be monitored and manipulated. A new technology has become available for intracellular recording and stimulation which we demonstrate in the tractable nervous system of Aplysia. New method: Carbon fiber electrode arrays (whose tips are coated with platinum-iridium) were used with an in vitro feeding preparation to intracellularly record from and to control the activity of multiple neurons during feeding movements. Results: In an in vitro feeding preparation, the carbon …

Point-Of-Care Diagnostic Test For Beta-Thalassemia, Ran An, Umut A. Gurkan

Faculty Scholarship

Hemoglobin (Hb) disorders are among the most common monogenic diseases affecting nearly 7% of the world population. Among various Hb disorders, approximately 1.5% of the world population carries β-thalassemia (β-Thal), affecting 40,000 newborns every year. Early screening and a timely diagnosis are essential for β-thalassemia patients for the prevention and management of later clinical complications. However, in Africa, Southern Europe, the Middle East, and Southeast Asia, where β-thalassemia is most prevalent, the diagnosis and screening for β-thalassemia are still challenging due to the cost and logistical burden of laboratory diagnostic tests. Here, we present Gazelle, which is a paper-based microchip …

Online Disinhibited Contracts, Wayne R. Barnes

Faculty Scholarship

There have been at least two dominant forces at work in the realm of consumer contracting over the past several decades. One has been the rise and domination of the standard form contract (whereby merchants contract with consumers via the use of standardized, boilerplate terms and conditions that consumers do not read or understand). The second force has been the rise of e-commerce and the purchase of goods and services via websites and other online platforms, and the use of “wrap” formation methodology (whereby merchants obtain consumer assent to the online terms and conditions via the consumer’s informal click, scroll, …

Corpus Linguistics And The Original Public Meaning Of The Sixteenth Amendment, Thomas R. Lee, Lawrence B. Solum, James C. Phillips, Jesse A. Egbert

Faculty Scholarship

Moore v. United States raises the question whether unrealized gains, such as an increase in property value or a stock portfolio, constitute “incomes, from whatever source derived” under the original meaning of the Sixteenth Amendment. Moore is widely viewed as the most important tax case to reach the United States Supreme Court in decades. It is also an opportunity for the Court to refine its theory and method of finding original meaning.

We focus here on the original public meaning of the Sixteenth Amendment—the ordinary, common meaning attributed to its text by the general public in 1913. So far, the …

Applicable Law And The Civil And Common Law Divide, George A. Bermann

Faculty Scholarship

In examining the relevance of civil law and common law synergies in international arbitration, we often dwell on aspects of arbitral practice and procedure. This should occasion no surprise. Our attention turns to arbitral practice and procedure, for that is what we do, as arbitrator and counsel, and on a daily basis. Leaving aside investor-State arbitration, in which substantive public international law looms large, international arbitration is very much a procedural endeavor.

But it should not be forgotten that the differences between the civil law and the common law manifest themselves not only, and not even primarily, in practice and …

Fostering Empathetic Career Development Through Non-Violent Communication Principles, Aysegul Keskin Zeren

Faculty Scholarship

Career services professionals can embody compassion and essential dialogue skills by embracing Nonviolent Communication (NVC) principles. This framework can aid career services professionals in serving as powerful role models for students entering the job market. Students will feel empowered to navigate the professional world with increased emotional intelligence. Influential leaders like Satya Nadella, the CEO of Microsoft, recognized the significance of NVC. When he became the CEO of Microsoft in 2014, Nadella decided to use the NVC framework to change the company culture (Abadi, 2018).

The Crusade For The Holy Grail Of Competitive Balance, Mislav Mataija, Petros C. Mavroidis

Faculty Scholarship

The specificity of sport is a concept acknowledged on both sides of the Atlantic. In the US it is linked to a (limited) exception from antitrust laws. In Europe, the application of the rules on free movement of persons, services, and workers, as well as antitrust, has left some room for it. But whereas the US has gone full steam ahead to regulate competitive balance, Europe has not. In this contribution, inspired by the work of Steve Weatherill and others, we ask the question whether the observed differentiated approach is justified because of the nature of competition on the two …

Automating Selective Area Electron Diffraction Phase Identification Using Machine Learning, Nathaniel Tomczak, Jennifer Carter

Faculty Scholarship

Selective area electron diffraction (SAED) patterns can provide valuable insight into the structure of a material. However, the manual identification of collected patterns can be a significant bottleneck in the overall phase classification workflow. In this work, we utilize the recent advances in computer vision and machine learning (ML) to automate the indexing of SAED patterns. The performance of six different ML algorithms is demonstrated using metallic plutonium-zirconium alloys. The most successful approach trained a neural network (NN) to make a classification of the phase and zone axis, and then utilized a second NN to synthesize multiple independent predictions of …

Bacterial Contamination Of Platelet Products, Michael R. Jacobs `, Bowen Zhou, Robert W. Maitta

Faculty Scholarship

Transfusion of bacterially contaminated platelets, although rare, is still a major cause of mortality and morbidity despite the introduction of many methods to limit this over the past 20 years. The methods used include improved donor skin disinfection, diversion of the first part of donations, use of apheresis platelet units rather than whole-blood derived pools, primary and secondary testing by culture or rapid test, and use of pathogen reduction. Primary culture has been in use the US since 2004, using culture 24 h after collection of volumes of 4–8 mL from apheresis collections and whole-blood derived pools inoculated into aerobic …

“So, Do Not Fear”: Religion And The Prevalence, Persistence, And Severity Of Anxiety Disorders Among Black Americans, Ann W. Nguyen, Nichole Cobb, Kedong Ding

Faculty Scholarship

Background: There is a dearth of scholarship that explicates the effects of religious participation on anxiety disorders among Black Americans. A better understanding of the links between religious participation, a coping resource, and anxiety disorders among Black Americans remains essential, given Black Americans are less likely than their white counterparts to seek professional treatment for mental health problems, leading to greater unmet mental health needs. The aim of this study was to investigate whether religious participation is associated with the prevalence, persistence, and severity of anxiety disorders among Black adults. Methods: We used a national sample of Black adults (N …

Numerical Study Of The Effects Of Confinement On Large-Scale Fires In Microgravity, Wohan Cui, Ya-Ting Tseng Liao

Faculty Scholarship

Confinement has been shown to play an important role on burning behavior of solid materials in microgravity. Previous studies using small flow ducts (duct height < 7.6 cm) concluded that the flame spread rate is linear to the inverse of the duct height. The underlying physics for this correlation is the combustion thermal expansion that leads to different flow acceleration in different flow duct cross-section areas. In recent NASA microgravity fire experiments, Saffire, wide solid fuel samples were burned in two large flow ducts. In these experiments, the duct heights (30 cm and 50 cm) were significantly larger than the flame standoff distance (∼1 cm) and the effect of thermal expansion was expected to be minimal. However, the experiment results showed that both flame spread rate and pyrolysis length increased more than 95 % when the duct height decreased by 40 %. To understand the underlying physics of the experimental results, two-dimensional transient numerical simulations are performed. The model configuration is based on the Saffire experiments. The model successfully predicts the transient flame development processes and the flame spread rates observed at both duct heights. In addition, a methodology is developed to deduce net heat flux distribution on the sample surface using thermocouple data obtained in the experiments. The deduced heat flux profiles in the experiments and in the numerical results agree qualitatively and quantitively. After the model is validated against the experimental data, a parametric study on the duct height is performed. When duct height decreases, flame spread rate increases. It is found that, at large duct heights (> 20 cm), the inverse of the flame spread rate has a linear dependency on the inverse of the duct height. Analytical analysis of cold flow (without combustion) demonstrates that this relationship is due to the different flow profiles on duct cross-section plane when duct height varies (i.e., a hydrodynamic effect). Effects of duct ceiling radiation properties are also considered. Radiation reflection from the duct ceiling increases the heat input on the sample surface, resulting in …

Life In A Fishbowl: Space And Environmental Enrichment Affect Behaviour Of Betta Splendens, Ronald G. Oldfield, Emily K. Murphy

Faculty Scholarship

The public has expressed growing concern for the well-being of fishes, including popular pet species such as the Siamese fighting fish (Betta splendens). In captivity, male Bettas behave aggressively, often causing injuries and death if housed together. As a result, they are typically isolated in small fishbowls, which has been widely criticised as cruel. To investigate the impact of keeping Bettas in these conditions, we recorded the behaviour of individual males in containers of different sizes that were either bare or enriched with gravel, large rocks, and live plants. When male Bettas were housed individually in small bowls (0.5 L) …