Digital Commons Network^™

Repeated Stimulation Of Feeding Mechanoafferents In Aplysia Generates Responses Consistent With The Release Of Food, Hillel J. Chiel

Faculty Scholarship

How does repeated stimulation of mechanoafferents affect feeding motor neurons? Monosynaptic connections from a mechanoafferent population in the Aplysia buccal ganglia to five motor followers with different functions were examined during repeated stimulus trains. The mechanoafferents produced both fast and slow synaptic outputs, which could be excitatory or inhibitory. In contrast, other Aplysia mechanoafferents produce only fast excitation on their followers. In addition, patterns of synaptic connections were different to the different motor followers. Some followers received both fast excitation and fast inhibition, whereas others received exclusively fast excitation. All followers showed strong decreases in fast postsynaptic potential (PSP) amplitude …

Multiple Changes In Connectivity Between Buccal Ganglia Mechanoafferents And Motor Neurons With Different Functions After Learning That Food Is Inedible In Aplysia, Hillel J. Chiel, Jeffery Gill

Faculty Scholarship

Changes caused by learning that a food is inedible in Aplysia were examined for fast and slow synaptic connections from the buccal ganglia S1 cluster of mechanoafferents to five followers, in response to repeated stimulus trains. Learning affected only fast connections. For these, unique patterns of change were present in each follower, indicating that learning differentially affects the different branches of the mechanoafferents to their followers. In some followers, there were increases in either excitatory or inhibitory connections, and in others, there were decreases. Changes in connectivity resulted from changes in the amplitude of excitation or inhibition, or as a …

A Data Integration Framework Of Additive Manufacturing Based On Fair Principles, Kristen J. Hernandez, Erika I. Barcelos, Jayvic C. Jimenez, Arafath Nihar, Pawan K. Tripathi, Roger H. French, Laura S. Bruckman

Faculty Scholarship

Abstract: Laser-powder bed fusion (L-PBF) is a popular additive manufacturing (AM) process with rich data sets coming from both in situ and ex situ sources. Data derived from multiple measurement modalities in an AM process capture unique features but often have different encoding methods; the challenge of data registration is not directly intuitive. In this work, we address the challenge of data registration between multiple modalities. Large data spaces must be organized in a machine-compatible method to maximize scientific output. FAIR (findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable) principles are required to overcome challenges associated with data at various scales. FAIRified data …

Review Of Treatment Of Hepatitis C Among Persons Who Are Housing Insecure And Use Substances, Kate Kelley

Faculty Scholarship

With the advent of direct-acting antiviral agents (DAA), reduction of hepatitis C infection (HCV) has become a public health priority. The World Health Organization’s goal of global elimination of HCV by 2030 has brought to light the challenges in treating certain populations. This review examines the burden of HCV infection on unhoused individuals and people who use substances in the United States in the last five years, and presents best practices in patient care and treatment.

Exploring 2d X-Ray Diffraction Phase Fraction Analysis With Convolutional Neural Networks: Insights From Kinematic-Diffraction Simulations, Weiqi Yue, Mohommad Redad Mehdi, Pawan K. Tripathi, Matthew A. Willard, Frank Ernst, Roger H. French

Faculty Scholarship

Deep-learning models are effective for analyzing the complex information in 2D X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns. Accurately collecting parameters of the material sample is crucial during model training, significantly impacting model performance. In this study, we employ a kinematic-diffraction simulator to generate simulated 2D XRD patterns for Ti–6Al–4V alloy, allowing precise control of sample parameters. These simulated patterns are used to train convolutional neural networks, predicting β-phase volume fractions. The training data set consists exclusively of 2D XRD patterns with pure α- or pure β-phase, while the testing set incorporates patterns with intermediate phase volume fraction. In particular, we investigate how …

Exploring 2d X-Ray Diffraction Phase Fraction Analysis With Convolutional Neural Networks: Insights From Kinematic-Diffraction Simulations, Weiqi Yue, Mohommad Redad Mehdi, Pawan K. Tripathi, Matthew A. Willard, Frank Ernst, Roger H. French

Faculty Scholarship

Deep-learning models are effective for analyzing the complex information in 2D X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns. Accurately collecting parameters of the material sample is crucial during model training, significantly impacting model performance. In this study, we employ a kinematic-diffraction simulator to generate simulated 2D XRD patterns for Ti–6Al–4V alloy, allowing precise control of sample parameters. These simulated patterns are used to train convolutional neural networks, predicting β-phase volume fractions. The training data set consists exclusively of 2D XRD patterns with pure α- or pure β-phase, while the testing set incorporates patterns with intermediate phase volume fraction. In particular, we investigate how …

Recent Findings On The Effectiveness Of Peer Support For Patients With Type 2 Diabetes, James J. Werner, Kelsey Ufholz, Prashant Yamajala

Faculty Scholarship

Purpose of Review: To review randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published from 2021–2023 that reported the effects of peer support interventions on outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Recent Findings: Literature searches yielded 137 articles and nine RCTs were ultimately reviewed. The reviewed trials involved in-person support groups, peer coach/mentor support, cultural peer support by community health workers, peer support during shared medical appointments (SMAs) including virtual reality-based SMAs, telehealth-facilitated programs, and telephone peer support. Most interventions combined two or more peer support strategies. Peer support was associated with significant decreases in HbA1c in 6 of the 9 reviewed …

Editorial: Transfusion Medicine And Blood, Volume Ii, Robert W. Maitta

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Lay Advisor Interventions For Hypertension Outcomes: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis And A Re-Aim Evaluation, Sonal J. Patil, Leila Bushweller, Eno-Obong Udoh, Irina Todorov, Robert Saper, Kurt C. Stange, Shari Bolen

Faculty Scholarship

Introduction: Lay advisor interventions improve hypertension outcomes; however, the added benefits and relevant factors for their widespread implementation into health systems are unknown. We performed a systematic review to: (1) summarize the benefits of adding lay advisors to interventions on hypertension outcomes, and (2) summarize factors associated with successful implementation in health systems using the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, Maintenance (RE-AIM) framework. Methods: We systematically searched several databases, including Ovid MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO from January 1981 to May 2023. All study designs of interventions delivered solely by lay advisors for adults with hypertension were eligible. If both arms received the …

Continuing Benefits Of The Montreal Protocol And Protection Of The Stratospheric Ozone Layer For Human Health And The Environment, Laura S. Bruckman

Faculty Scholarship

The protection of Earth’s stratospheric ozone (O3) is an ongoing process under the auspices of the universally ratified Montreal Protocol and its Amendments and adjustments. A critical part of this process is the assessment of the environmental issues related to changes in O3. The United Nations Environment Programme’s Environmental Effects Assessment Panel provides annual scientific evaluations of some of the key issues arising in the recent collective knowledge base. This current update includes a comprehensive assessment of the incidence rates of skin cancer, cataract and other skin and eye diseases observed worldwide; the effects of UV radiation on tropospheric oxidants, …

Social Needs Screening And Intervention In Pediatric Primary Care: Impact On Families’ Experience Of Care, Sarah D. Ronis, Marie Masotya, Kurt C. Stange

Faculty Scholarship

Introduction/Objectives: Social determinants of health (SDoH) screening and intervention in pediatric primary care depends upon caregiver disclosure of adverse household or social conditions and thus may be influenced by perceived bias or stigma. This paper examines to what extent parents’ experience of their child’s medical home is associated with their perceptions of a practice-based social needs intervention. Methods: We conducted a cohort study of data reported by 73 parents of children obtaining care in a medical home with an embedded SDoH navigation program. Using survey data collected in October 2021 and October 2022, we calculated descriptive statistics and non-parametric bivariate …

Development Of An International Standard Set Of Outcomes And Measurement Methods For Routine Practice For Infants, Children, And Adolescents With Epilepsy: The International Consortium For Health Outcomes Measurement Consensus Recommendations, Martha Sajatovic

Faculty Scholarship

At present, there is no internationally accepted set of core outcomes or measurement methods for epilepsy clinical practice. The International Consortium for Health Outcomes Measurement (ICHOM) convened an international working group of experts in epilepsy, people with epilepsy, and their representatives to develop minimum sets of standardized outcomes and outcome measurement methods for clinical practice. Using modified Delphi consensus methods with consecutive rounds of online voting over 12 months, a core set of outcomes and corresponding measurement tool packages to capture the outcomes were identified for infants, children, and adolescents with epilepsy. Consensus methods identified 20 core outcomes. In addition …

Best Anticoagulation Strategy With And Without Appendage Occlusion For Stroke-Prophylaxis In Postablation Atrial Fibrillation Patients With Cardiac Amyloidosis, Andrea Natale

Faculty Scholarship

Introduction: Both atrial fibrillation (AF) and amyloidosis increase stroke risk. We evaluated the best anticoagulation strategy in AF patients with coexistent amyloidosis. Methods: Consecutive AF patients with concomitant amyloidosis were divided into two groups based on the postablation stroke-prophylaxis approach; group 1: left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) in eligible patients and group 2: oral anticoagulation (OAC). Group 1 patients were further divided into Gr. 1A: LAAO + half-does NOAC (HD-NOAC) for 6 months followed by aspirin 81 mg/day and Gr. 1B: LAAO + HD-NOAC. In group 1 patients, with complete occlusion at the 45-day transesophageal echocardiogram, patients were switched to …

Violence Exposure And Trauma Screener For Youth (Vetsy), Daniel Joseph Flannery, Ivette Noriega, Mark Singer, Jeff Kretschmar

Faculty Scholarship

Background: Youth exposed to violence are at serious risk for physical, emotional, behavioral, and mental distress. Reliable and prompt detection is necessary to mitigate the psychological consequences of youth violence exposure and trauma. Objective: To describe the initial creation of the VETSY screener and its construct validity and potential use. Methods: From 2014 through 2022 we surveyed 20,532 at-risk youth aged 8–18 years from a diverse metropolitan community participating in the Defending Childhood Initiative (DCI). Youth completed a 17-item self-report screener. An Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was used to determine the reliability and variable grouping for this brief screener. Violence …

Development Of An International Standard Set Of Outcomes And Measurement Methods For Routine Practice For Adults With Epilepsy: The International Consortium For Health Outcomes Measurement Consensus Recommendations, Martha Sajatovic

Faculty Scholarship

At present, there is no internationally accepted set of core outcomes or measurement methods for epilepsy clinical practice. Therefore, the International Consortium for Health Outcomes Measurement (ICHOM) convened an international working group of experts in epilepsy, people with epilepsy and their representatives to develop minimum sets of standardized outcomes and outcomes measurement methods for clinical practice that support patient–clinician decision-making and quality improvement. Consensus methods identified 20 core outcomes. Measurement tools were recommended based on their evidence of strong clinical measurement properties, feasibility, and cross-cultural applicability. The essential outcomes included many non-seizure outcomes: anxiety, depression, suicidality, memory and attention, sleep …

A Turn-Off Fluorescent Sensor For Metal Ions Quantifies Corrosion In An Organic Solvent, Lianlian Liu, Zechariah Pfaffenberger, Mark Siegel, Anuj Saini, Lydia Kisley

Faculty Scholarship

We demonstrate that the corrosion of AISI 1045 medium carbon steel and pure aluminum can be quantified by the turn-off fluorescent sensor Phen Green-SK (PGSK) in ethanol-based solutions. We first evaluate the dependence of the chelation enhanced quenching of PGSK on iron and aluminum ion concentrations. Subsequently, we apply PGSK to examine the anodic dissolution of metal corrosion. The observed time-dependent PGSK-quenching quantifies the corrosion rates of two metals over 24 h of immersion in ethanol-based solutions. The PGSK-based quantification of corrosion is compared to scanning electron microscopy and electrochemical techniques, including open circuit potential and Tafel extrapolation. The corrosion …

Nodes For Modes: Nodal Honeycomb Metamaterial Enables A Soft Robot With Multimodal Locomotion, Yusuf Dikici, Kathryn Daltorio, Ozan Akkus

Faculty Scholarship

Soft-bodied animals, such as worms and snakes, use many muscles in different ways to traverse unstructured environments and inspire tools for accessing confined spaces. They demonstrate versatility of locomotion which is essential for adaptation to changing terrain conditions. However, replicating such versatility in untethered soft-bodied robots with multimodal locomotion capabilities have been challenging due to complex fabrication processes and limitations of soft body structures to accommodate hardware such as actuators, batteries and circuit boards. Here, we present MetaCrawler, a 3D printed metamaterial soft robot designed for multimodal and omnidirectional locomotion. Our design approach facilitated an easy fabrication process through a …

Preferences, Risk Neutrality And Risk-Sensitive Mdps, James Alexander, Matthew J. Sobel

Faculty Scholarship

A binary preference relation on a real vector space satisfying four (natural) axioms is shown to induce a utility function composed of a linear function to the reals and a weakly monotonic function. The key axiom is decomposition, and the utility function can be taken to be linear if and only if this axiom’s converse is also satisfied. Important consequences follow for risk-sensitive discounted Markov decision processes, decision trees, and the discounted utility model in economics. Since the four axioms imply that preferences correspond to discounting, the four axioms without the converse imply that preferences are consistent with discounting without …

The Efficacy Of Telemental Health Interventions For Mood Disorders Pre-Covid-19: A Narrative Review, Alyssa M. Edwards, Jordan C. Petitt, Martha Sajatovic, Sanjana Kumar, Jennifer B. Levin

Faculty Scholarship

The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic saw a significant surge in the utilization of telemental health (TMH) services. This narrative review aimed to investigate the efficacy of TMH for serious mood disorders prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. A search across databases was conducted for randomized controlled trials focusing on TMH interventions for mood disorders, encompassing major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD). Study and patient characteristics, interventions, and outcomes were extracted. From a pool of 2611 papers initially identified, 17 met the inclusion criteria: 14 focused on MDD, while 4 addressed BD. Among these, 6 papers directly compared TMH …

Resonant Perceptions: Exploring Autistic Aesthetics Through Embodied Cognition, James Hutson, Piper Hutson

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

The Role Of Student Motivation In Integrating Ai Into Web Design Education: A Longitudinal Study, Jason Lively, James Hutson

Faculty Scholarship

Amidst the current wave studies of artificial intelligence (AI) in education, this longitudinal case study, spanning Spring 2023 to Spring 2024, delves into the integration of AI in the UI/UX web design classroom. By introducing both text-based and image-based AI tools to students with varying levels of skill in introductory web design and user experience (UX) courses, the study observed a significant enhancement in student creative capabilities and project outcomes. The utilization of text-based generators markedly improved writing efficiency and coding, while image-based tools facilitated better ideation and color selection. These findings underscore the potential to augment traditional educational methods, …

The Perennial Eclipse: Race, Immigration, And How Latinx Count In American Politics, Rachel F. Moran

Faculty Scholarship

In 2016, the U.S. Supreme Court decided Evenwel v. Abbott, a case challenging the use of total population in state legislative apportionment as a violation of the Equal Protection Clause. The plaintiffs sued Texas, alleging that the State impermissibly diluted their voting power because they lived in areas with a high proportion of voting-age citizens. When total population was used to draw district lines, the plaintiffs had to compete with more voters to get their desired electoral outcomes than was true for voters in districts with low proportions of voting-age citizens. The Court rejected the argument, finding that states enjoy …

Bail At The Founding, Kellen R. Funk, Sandra G. Mayson

Faculty Scholarship

How did criminal bail work in the Founding era? This question has become pressing as bail, and bail reform, have attracted increasing attention, in part because history is thought to bear on the meaning of bail-related constitutional provisions. To date, however, there has been no thorough account of bail at the Founding. This Article begins to correct the deficit in our collective memory by describing bail law and practice in the Founding era, from approximately 1790 to 1810. In order to give a full account, we surveyed a wide range of materials, including Founding-era statutes, case law, legal treatises, and …

Ethical Imperatives And Challenges: Review Of The Use Of Machine Learning For Predictive Analytics In Higher Education, Emily Barnes, James Hutson, Karriem Perry

Faculty Scholarship

The escalating integration of machine learning (ML) in higher education necessitates a critical examination of its ethical implications. This article conducts a comprehensive review of the application of ML for predictive analytics within higher education institutions (HEIs), emphasizing the technology's potential to enhance student outcomes and operational efficiency. The study identifies significant ethical concerns, such as data privacy, informed consent, transparency, and accountability, that arise from the use of ML. Through a detailed analysis of current practices, this review underscores the need for HEIs to develop robust ethical frameworks and technological infrastructures to navigate these challenges effectively. The findings reveal …

Government Misinformation Platforms, Janet Freilich

Faculty Scholarship

There is a harmful mismatch between how information published by the government is perceived-as highly trustworthy-and the reality that it is often not. This Article shows that the government frequently collects information from third party private entities and publishes it with no review or vetting. Although this information is riddled with errors and inaccuracies, scholars, policymakers, and the public treat the information with unwarranted confidence because it derives from the government. Further, institutional imprimatur (and consequent trust) attaches to information even tangentially associated with the government and to information where the government explicitly disclaims review.

This Article highlights the ubiquity …

Reply To: On The Statistical Foundation Of A Recent Single Molecule Fret Benchmark, Dorothy A. Erie, Lydia Kisley, Dushani Dunukara

Faculty Scholarship

In their ‘Matters Arising’ manuscript, Saurabh et al. discuss two issues related to single-molecule Förster resonance energy transfer (smFRET) experiments: the use of the Gaussian noise approximation and spectral crosstalk. Their arguments are based on simulations obtained with parameters that differ significantly from the typical conditions measured experimentally, and, thus, from the regime included in the original study (Götz et al.1). In addition, they make claims about our multi-lab blind study that we would like to rectify. In Table 1, we provide a list of specific statements made by Saurabh et al. with our respective explanations.

The Efficacy Of High-Fidelity Simulation On Knowledge And Performance In Undergraduate Nursing Students: An Umbrella Review Of Systematic Reviews And Meta-Analysis, Celeste Marie Alfes

Faculty Scholarship

Objectives: This umbrella review aimed to consolidate the evidence base on the impact of high-fidelity simulation on knowledge and performance among undergraduate nursing students. Design: Umbrella review with meta-analyses of pooled effect sizes, followed by an additional meta-analysis of primary studies from the included systematic reviews, excluding overlapping results. Data sources: Systematic searches were performed up to August 2023 in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library. We included reviews that compared high-fidelity simulation against other learning strategies. Review methods: The risk of bias was assessed for each included systematic review (ROBIS tool) and primary study (RoB 2 or ROBINS-I as appropriate). …

Association Of School Instructional Mode With Community Covid-19 Incidence During August–December 2020 In Cuyahoga County, Ohio, Pauline D. Terebuh, Jeffrey M. Albert, Jacqueline W. Curtis, Kurt C. Stange, Jill E. Miracle, Wail Yar, Prakash R. Ganesh, Heidi L. Gullett, Johnie Rose

Faculty Scholarship

Remote and hybrid modes of instruction were employed as alternatives to in-person instruction as part of early mitigation efforts in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. We investigated the impact of a public school district’s instructional mode on cumulative incidence and transmission in the surrounding community by employing a generalized estimating equations approach to estimate the association with weekly COVID-19 case counts by zip code in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, from August to December 2020. Remote instruction only (RI) was employed by 7 of 20 school districts; 13 used some non-remote instruction (NRI) (2–15 weeks). Weekly incidence increased in all zip codes …

Towards A Study Protocol: A Data-Driven Workflow To Identify Error Sources In Direct Ink Write Mechatronics, Hein Htet Aung, Quynh D. Tran, Pawan Tripathi, Roger H. French, Laura S. Bruckman

Faculty Scholarship

Using Direct Ink Write (DIW) technology in a rapid and large-scale production requires reliable quality control for printed parts. Data streams generated during printing, such as print mechatronics, are massive and diverse which impedes extracting insights. In our study protocol approach, we developed a data-driven workflow to understand the behavior of sensor-measured X- and Y-axes positional errors with process parameters, such as print velocity and velocity control. We uncovered patterns showing that instantaneous changes in the velocity, when the build platform accelerates and decelerates, largely influence the positional errors, especially in the X-axis due to the hardware architecture. Since DIW …

Towards A Study Protocol: A Data-Driven Workflow To Identify Error Sources In Direct Ink Write Mechatronics, Hein Htet Aung, Quynh D. Tran, Pawan K. Tripathi, Roger H. French, Laura S. Bruckman

Faculty Scholarship

Using Direct Ink Write (DIW) technology in a rapid and large-scale production requires reliable quality control for printed parts. Data streams generated during printing, such as print mechatronics, are massive and diverse which impedes extracting insights. In our study protocol approach, we developed a data-driven workflow to understand the behavior of sensor-measured X- and Y-axes positional errors with process parameters, such as print velocity and velocity control. We uncovered patterns showing that instantaneous changes in the velocity, when the build platform accelerates and decelerates, largely influence the positional errors, especially in the X-axis due to the hardware architecture. Since DIW …