Digital Commons Network^™

Auditory Feedback Decreases Timing Variability For Discontinuous And Continuous Motor Tasks In Autistic Adults, Nicole M. Richard Williams, Luc Tremblay, Corene Hurt-Thaut, Jessica Brian, Julia Kowaleski, Kathrin Mertel, Sebastian Schlüter, Michael Thaut

Faculty Scholarship

Introduction: Autistic individuals demonstrate greater variability and timing error in their motor performance than neurotypical individuals, likely due at least in part to atypical cerebellar characteristics and connectivity. These motor difficulties may differentially affect discrete as opposed to continuous movements in autistic individuals. Augmented auditory feedback has the potential to aid motor timing and variability due to intact auditory-motor pathways in autism and high sensitivity in autistic individuals to auditory stimuli. Methods: This experiment investigated whether there were differences in timing accuracy and variability in autistic adults as a function of task (discontinuous vs. continuous movements) and condition (augmented auditory …

Teaching "Is This Case Rightly Decided?", Steven Arrigg Koh

Faculty Scholarship

“Is this case rightly decided?” From the first week of law school, every law student must grapple with this classroom question. This Essay argues that this vital question is problematically under-specified, creating imprecision in thinking about law. This Essay thus advocates that law professors should present students with a three-part framework: whether a case is rightly decided legally, morally, or sociologically.

Additionally, this Essay argues that disaggregating the question exposes deeper deficiencies in legal education. Many law professors do not provide students with serious grounding to engage in rigorous thinking about the relationship between law, morality, and justice, not to …

Examining Adverse Childhood Experiences And Black Youth's Engagement In A Hospital-Based Violence Intervention Program Using Administrative Data, Laura A. Voith, Amy Korsh-Williams

Faculty Scholarship

Background: Stemming from poverty and systemic racism, Black youth are disproportionately represented in hospital-based violence intervention programs (HVIPs) due to greater violence exposure. HVIPs are a critical intervention that have been shown to reduce rates of reinjury in urban hospitals and trauma centers across the United States; however, they are plagued by low enrollment and engagement rates. Few studies have examined factors related to engagement, particularly among Black youth. Methods: Guided by Trauma Theory and Critical Race Theory, this study uses a retrospective cohort design. Between-group differences of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) among engaged youth compared to nonengaged youth who …

Is Postnatal Acetaminophen Therapy Problematic For Preterm Infants?, Richard J. Martin, Anna Maria Hibbs

Faculty Scholarship

In this issue, Srajer et al. report on the neurodevelopmental outcomes at 18–21 months of preterm infants treated with acetaminophen in the NICU.1 Their study shows no evidence of neurological harm from acetaminophen, after adjusting for known risk factors for neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI). Temporal trends in both pain and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) management have led to an increase in acetaminophen use in the NICU in recent years, resulting in a crucial need for long-term safety data in this vulnerable population.

Validity, Reliability, And Fairness Evidence For The Jd-Next Exam, Steven Holtzman, Jonathan Steinberg, Jonathan Weeks, Christopher Robertson, Jessica Findley, David M. Klieger

Faculty Scholarship

At a time when institutions of higher education are exploring alternatives to traditional admissions testing, institutions are also seeking to better support students and prepare them for academic success. Under such an engaged model, one may seek to measure not just the accumulated knowledge and skills that students would bring to a new academic program but also their ability to grow and learn through the academic program. To help prepare students for law school before they matriculate, the JD-Next is a fully online, noncredit, 7- to 10-week course to train potential juris doctor students in case reading and analysis skills. …

Radial Acceleration Relation Of Galaxies With Joint Kinematic And Weak-Lensing Data, Tobias Mistele, Stacy S. Mcgaugh

Faculty Scholarship

We combine kinematic and gravitational lensing data to construct the Radial Acceleration Relation (RAR) of galaxies over a large dynamic range. We improve on previous weak-lensing studies in two ways. First, we compute stellar masses using the same stellar population model as for the kinematic data. Second, we introduce a new method for converting excess surface density profiles to radial accelerations. This method is based on a new deprojection formula which is exact, computationally efficient, and gives smaller systematic uncertainties than previous methods. We find that the RAR inferred from weak-lensing data smoothly continues that inferred from kinematic data by …

Conceptual Competence In Psychiatric Training: Building A Culture Of Conceptual Inquiry, Awais Aftab

Faculty Scholarship

Building a culture of conceptual inquiry in psychiatric training requires the development of conceptual competence: the ability to identify and examine assumptions that constitute the philosophical foundations of clinical care and scientific investigation in psychiatry. In this article, we argue for the importance of such competence and illustrate approaches to instilling it through examples drawn from our collective experiences as psychiatric educators.

Rethinking Plagiarism In The Era Of Generative Ai, James Hutson

Faculty Scholarship

The emergence of generative artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, such as large language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT, has precipitated a paradigm shift in the realms of academic writing, plagiarism, and intellectual property. This article explores the evolving landscape of English composition courses, traditionally designed to develop critical thinking through writing. As AI becomes increasingly integrated into the academic sphere, it necessitates a reevaluation of originality in writing, the purpose of learning research and writing, and the frameworks governing intellectual property (IP) and plagiarism. The paper commences with a statistical analysis contrasting the actual use of LLMs in academic dishonesty with educator …

Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography Is A Valid Imaging Technique For Tracking Changes In Skeletal Muscle Cross-Sectional Area, Bradley A. Ruple, Christopher G. Vann, Casey L. Sexton, Shelby C. Osburn, Morgan A. Smith, Joshua S. Godwin, Petey W. Mumford, Matt S. Stock, Michael D. Roberts, Kaelin C. Young

Faculty Scholarship

Peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) has recently expanded to quantifying skeletal muscle, however its validity to determine muscle cross‐sectional area (mCSA) compared to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is unknown. Eleven male participants (age: 22 ± 3 y) underwent pQCT and MRI dual‐leg mid‐thigh imaging before (PRE) and after (POST) 6 weeks of resistance training for quantification of mid‐thigh mCSA and change in mCSA. mCSA agreement at both time points and absolute change in mCSA across time was assessed using Bland‐ Altman plots for mean bias and 95% limits of agreement (LOA), as well as Lin's concordance correlation coefficients (CCC). Both …

The Missing Half: Revisiting Monetary Remedies To Redress Racial Segregation, Olatunde C.A. Johnson

Faculty Scholarship

This Essay considers whether courts should have awarded monetary remedies in housing desegregation cases. By examining the relief awarded in public housing desegregation cases brought in United States federal courts between 1966 and 1994, this Essay reveals the limitations of the almost exclusive reliance on forward-looking integration relief as a remedy. The Essay argues that there is a “missing half” of remedies that courts never awarded: compensatory damages for the loss of wealth and opportunity caused by housing segregation. Forward-looking remedies that promised integration have often gone unfulfilled. Understanding these “missing” damages is crucial given recent Supreme Court rulings on …

Brandeisian Banking, Kathryn Judge

Faculty Scholarship

Banking law shapes the structure of the banking system, which in turn shapes the structure of the economy. One of the most significant ways that banking law in the United States traditionally sought to promote Brandeisian values of stability and decentralization was through a combination of carrots and sticks that enabled small banks across the country to thrive. To see this requires a richer understanding of Brandeis as someone who valued not just atomistic competition but also small business and broad flourishing. It also requires a deeper understanding of the ways different parts of banking law worked together during the …

Orders Without Law, Thomas P. Schmidt

Faculty Scholarship

This Review has two goals. The book, by design, largely steers clear of concrete reform proposals; its object is to trace the ways that the Court’s practices around emergency applications shifted over the Trump years and to urge that these developments warrant critical attention (pp. 24–25). My first goal, then, is to propose some reforms. These proposals orbit around a central contention: Any critique of the shadow docket and any proposed solution must depend, explicitly or implicitly, on a theory of the Court — its role in the constitutional order and how it can best serve that role. As a …

Big Property, Thomas W. Merrill

Faculty Scholarship

Yun-chien Chang’s Property Law: Comparative, Empirical, and Economic Analysis, is an impressive piece of scholarship. Ten years in the making, Yun-chien has developed the most comprehensive comparative analysis of property law ever undertaken. The effort involved was herculean. He consulted codes in eight different languages and translations into these languages of dozens of others, enlisted the assistance of a small army of research assistants, and solicited the assistance of scholars and lawyers from around the world. The result is nothing less than revelatory. Anyone interested in property law, even if only from the perspective of their own legal system, …

The Will To Chaos And Disorder: The Behemoth As A Model Of Political Economy, Bernard E. Harcourt

Faculty Scholarship

The history of political economy is tormented by beasts. The most famous is the Leviathan, the giant serpentine monster that figures in Hobbes’s masterpiece of modern political theory. Robert Fredona and Sophus Reinert spotlight another sea monster, the Kraken, that giant octopus or squid with a particular morphology (i.e., its tentacles) that so fittingly describes the grip of multinational corporations, stateless financial capital, social media, and tech giants today. But there are still other monsters in the bestiary of political economy. In this essay, I highlight the Behemoth, a land monster that captures another critical dimension of political economy: the …

The Foreshadow Docket, Bert I. Huang

Faculty Scholarship

Imagine the Supreme Court issuing an emergency order that signals interest in departing from precedent, as if foreshadowing a change in the law. Seeing this, should the lower courts start ruling in ways that also anticipate the law of the future? They need not do so in their merits rulings. That much is clear. Such a signal does not create new binding precedent. Rather, it reflects the Justices’ guess about the future of the law — and what if that guess is wrong?

Yet for a lower court ruling on a temporary stay or injunction, the task seems to call …

Cell-Type Specific Molecular Expression Levels By Restricted-Dimensional Cytometry, David Kaplan, Hillard M. Lazarus

Faculty Scholarship

Background: Cytometric analysis has been commonly used to delineate distinct cell subpopulations among peripheral blood mononuclear cells by the differential expression of surface receptors. This capability has reached its apogee with high-dimensional approaches such as mass cytometry and spectral cytometry that include simultaneous assessment of 20–50 analytes. Unfortunately, this approach also engenders significant complexity with analytical and interpretational pitfalls. Methods: Here, we demonstrate a complementary approach with restricted-dimensionality to assess cell-type specific intracellular molecular expression levels at exceptional levels of precision. The expression of five analytes was individually assessed in four mononuclear cell-types from peripheral blood. Results: Distinctions in expression …

Keynote Address: "Attacking And Defending The Administrative State", Jack M. Beermann

Faculty Scholarship

At the beginning of this semester I told my students at Boston University that this is the most interesting time to take administrative law since I started teaching it nearly forty years ago. Doctrines that seemed settled just a few years ago have been questioned and significant change seems to be on the horizon. Don't get me wrong, we've been here before. In the 1970s and 1980s there were a few Supreme Court decisions on separation of powers¹ that indicated the possibility of big changes, but ultimately it fizzled out into the administrative law revolution that wasn't.

Things feel …

Tort Theory And The Restatement, In Retrospect, Keith N. Hylton

Faculty Scholarship

This is my third paper on the Restatement (Third) of Torts. In my first paper, The Theory of Tort Doctrine and the Restatement (Third) of Torts, I offered a positive economic theory of the tort doctrine that had been presented in the Restatement (Third) of Torts: General Principles, and also an optimistic vision of how positive theoretical analysis could be integrated with the Restatement project. In my second paper, The Economics of the Restatement and of the Common Law, I set out the utilitarian-economic theory of how the common law litigation process could generate optimal (efficient, wealth-maximizing) rules and compared …

Investigation Of Rare Earth Element Binding To A Surface-Bound Affinity Peptide Derived From Ef-Hand Loop I Of Lanmodulin, Geeta Verma, Jacob D. Hostert, Alex A. Summerville, Christine E. Duval, Julie N. Renner

Faculty Scholarship

Bioinspired strategies have been given extensive attention for the recovery of rare earth elements (REEs) from waste streams because of their high selectivity, regeneration potential, and sustainability as well as low cost. Lanmodulin protein is an emerging biotechnology that is highly selective for REE binding. Mimicking lanmodulin with shorter peptides is advantageous because they are simpler and potentially easier to manipulate and optimize. Lanmodulin-derived peptides have been found to bind REEs, but their properties have not been explored when immobilized on solid substrates, which is required for many advanced separation technologies. Here, two peptides, LanM1 and scrambled LanM1, are designed …

Bst1047+1156: A (Failing) Ultradiffuse Tidal Dwarf In The Leo I Group, J. Christopher Mihos, Stacy S. Mcgaugh

Faculty Scholarship

We use deep Hubble Space Telescope imaging to study the resolved stellar populations in BST1047+1156, a gas-rich, ultradiffuse dwarf galaxy found in the intragroup environment of the Leo I galaxy group. While our imaging reaches approximately two magnitudes below the tip of the red giant branch at the Leo I distance of 11 Mpc, we find no evidence for an old red giant sequence that would signal an extended star formation history for the object. Instead, we clearly detect the red and blue helium-burning sequences of its stellar populations, as well as the fainter blue main sequence, all indicative of …

Multispecies Comparative Prostate Anatomy By Imaging: Implications For Experimental Models Of Prostatic Disease, Felipe M. Berg, Eduardo T.O. Correia, Eric C. Abenojar, James P. Basilion, Agata A. Exner, Leonardo K. Bittencourt

Faculty Scholarship

Background: There is an increasing interest in using preclinical models for development and assessment of medical devices and imaging techniques for prostatic disease care. Still, a comprehensive assessment of the prostate's radiological anatomy in primary preclinical models such as dogs, rabbits, and mice utilizing human anatomy as a reference point remains necessary with no optimal model for each purpose being clearly defined in the literature. Therefore, this study compares the anatomical characteristics of different animal models to the human prostatic gland from the imaging perspective. Methods: We imaged five Beagle laboratory dogs, five New Zealand White rabbits, and five mice, …

Vibrational Spectrum Of Granular Packings With Random Matrices, Harsh Mathur

Faculty Scholarship

Abstract: The vibrational spectrum of granular packings can be used as a signature of the jamming transition, with the density of states at zero frequency becoming nonzero at the transition. It has been proposed previously that the vibrational spectrum of granular packings can be approximately obtained from random matrix theory. Here, we show that the autocorrelation function of the density of states shows good agreement between dynamical numerical simulations of frictionless bead packs near the jamming point and the analytic predictions of the Laguerre orthogonal ensemble of random matrices; there is clear disagreement with the Gaussian orthogonal ensemble, establishing that …

Depletion Of Complement Factor 3 Delays The Neuroinflammatory Response To Intracortical Microelectrodes, Sydney S. Song, Lindsey N. Druschel, Jacob H. Conard, Jaime J. Wang, Niveda M. Kasthuri, E. Ricky Chan, Jeffrey R. Capadona

Faculty Scholarship

The neuroinflammatory response to intracortical microelectrodes (IMEs) used with brain-machine interfacing (BMI) applications is regarded as the primary contributor to poor chronic performance. Recent developments in high-plex gene expression technologies have allowed for an evolution in the investigation of individual proteins or genes to be able to identify specific pathways of upregulated genes that may contribute to the neuroinflammatory response. Several key pathways that are upregulated following IME implantation are involved with the complement system. The complement system is part of the innate immune system involved in recognizing and eliminating pathogens – a significant contributor to the foreign body response …

Community Responsive Public Defense, Alexis Hoag-Fordjour

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Milk Or Kefir, In Comparison To Water, Do Not Enhance Running Time-Trial Performance In Endurance Master Athletes, Kristen N. Gross, Patrick S. Harty, Joesi M. Krieger, Petey W. Mumford, Kyle L. Sunderland, Anthony M. Hagele, Chad Kerksick

Faculty Scholarship

This study compared flavored kefir (KFR) and flavored milk (MLK) as a recovery drink in endurance master athletes. Using a randomized, placebo-controlled, non-blinded crossover design, 11 males and females completed three testing visits whilst acutely ingesting either KFR, MLK, or water as a placebo (PLA). KFR supplementation occurred for 14 days before the KFR-testing day, followed by a 3-week washout period. Testing visits consisted of an exhausting-exercise (EE) bout, a 4-h rest period where additional carbohydrate feeding was provided, and a treadmill 5 km time trial (TT). The Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS) survey was assessed at four timepoints. Blood …

The Ideology Of Press Freedom, Hannah Bloch-Wehba

Faculty Scholarship

This Article offers a critical account of the law of press freedom. American law and political culture laud the press as an institution that plays a vital role in democracy: guarding against corruption, facilitating self-governance, and advocating for free expression. These democratic functions provide justification for the law of press freedom, which defends the media’s autonomy and shields the press from outside interference.

But the dominant accounts of the press’s democratic role are only partly accurate. The law of press freedom is grounded in large part in journalism’s professional commitments to objectivity, public service, and autonomy. These idealized characterizations, flawed …

Charging Abortion, Milan Markovic

Faculty Scholarship

As long as Roe v. Wade remained good law, prosecutors could largely avoid the question of abortion. The Supreme Court’s decision in Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization has now placed prosecutors at the forefront of the abortion wars. Some chief prosecutors in antiabortion states have pledged to not enforce antiabortion laws, whereas others are targeting even out-of-state providers. This post-Dobbs reality, wherein the ability to obtain an abortion depends not only on the politics of one’s state but also the policies of one’s local district attorney, has received minimal scrutiny from legal scholars.

Prosecutors have broad charging discretion, …

Expanding The Ban On Forced Arbitration To Race Claims, Michael Z. Green

Faculty Scholarship

When Congress passed the Ending Forced Arbitration of Sexual Assault and Sexual Harassment Act (“EFASASHA”) in March 2022, it signaled a major retreat from the Supreme Court’s broad enforcement of agreements to force employees and consumers to arbitrate discrimination claims. But the failure to cover protected discriminatory classes other than sex, especially race, tempers any exuberance attributable to the passage of EFASASHA. This Article prescribes an approach for employees and consumers to rely upon EFASASHA as a tool to prevent both race and sex discrimination claims from being forced into arbitration by employers and companies. This approach relies upon procedural …

Outcome Reasons And Process Reasons In Normative Constitutional Theory, Lawrence B. Solum

Faculty Scholarship

Constitutional theory is a mess. Disagreements about originalism and living constitutionalism have become intractable. Constitutional theorists make some arguments that seem clearly fallacious and advance proposals that are pie in the sky. One of the reasons for the mess is an overreliance by constitutional theorists on “outcome reasons,” justifications that rely on the theorist’s beliefs about what outcomes are good and what outcomes are bad. This outcome-drive approach is exemplified by the so-called “canonical cases” argument, which evaluates positions in normative constitutional theory on the basis of its counterfactual implications for a handful of prior decisions of the Supreme Court. …

Orthogonalizing Inputs, Talia B. Gillis

Faculty Scholarship

This paper examines an approach to algorithmic discrimination that seeks to blind predictions to protected characteristics by orthogonalizing inputs. The approach uses protected characteristics (such as race or sex) during the training phase of a model but masks these during deployment. The approach posits that including these characteristics in training prevents correlated features from acting as proxies, while assigning uniform values to them at deployment ensures decisions do not vary by group status.

Using a prediction exercise of loan defaults basedon mortgage HMDA data and German credit data, the paper highlights the limitations of this orthogonalization strategy. Applying a lasso …