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Fenugreek Counters The Effects Of High Fat Diet On Gut Microbiota In Mice: Links To Metabolic Benefit, Annadora J. Bruce-Keller, Allison J. Richard, Sun Ok Fernandez-Kim, David M. Ribnicky, J. Michael Salbaum, Susan Newman, Richard Carmouche, Jacqueline M. Stephens Dec 2020

Fenugreek Counters The Effects Of High Fat Diet On Gut Microbiota In Mice: Links To Metabolic Benefit, Annadora J. Bruce-Keller, Allison J. Richard, Sun Ok Fernandez-Kim, David M. Ribnicky, J. Michael Salbaum, Susan Newman, Richard Carmouche, Jacqueline M. Stephens

Faculty Publications

© 2020, The Author(s). Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) is an annual herbaceous plant and a staple of traditional health remedies for metabolic conditions including high cholesterol and diabetes. While the mechanisms of the beneficial actions of fenugreek remain unknown, a role for intestinal microbiota in metabolic homeostasis is likely. To determine if fenugreek utilizes intestinal bacteria to offset the adverse effects of high fat diets, C57BL/6J mice were fed control/low fat (CD) or high fat (HFD) diets each supplemented with or without 2% (w/w) fenugreek for 16 weeks. The effects of fenugreek and HFD on gut microbiota were comprehensively mapped and …

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Reconstructing Genomes Of Carbon Monoxide Oxidisers In Volcanic Deposits Including Members Of The Class Ktedonobacteria, Marcela Hernández, Blanca Vera-Gargallo, Marcela Calabi-Floody, Gary M. King, Ralf Conrad, Christoph C. Tebbe Dec 2020

Reconstructing Genomes Of Carbon Monoxide Oxidisers In Volcanic Deposits Including Members Of The Class Ktedonobacteria, Marcela Hernández, Blanca Vera-Gargallo, Marcela Calabi-Floody, Gary M. King, Ralf Conrad, Christoph C. Tebbe

Faculty Publications

© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. Microorganisms can potentially colonise volcanic rocks using the chemical energy in reduced gases such as methane, hydrogen (H2) and carbon monoxide (CO). In this study, we analysed soil metagenomes from Chilean volcanic soils, representing three different successional stages with ages of 380, 269 and 63 years, respectively. A total of 19 metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) were retrieved from all stages with a higher number observed in the youngest soil (1640: 2 MAGs, 1751: 1 MAG, 1957: 16 MAGs). Genomic similarity indices showed that several MAGs had amino-acid identity (AAI) values >50% to …

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Strengthening Spatial Reasoning: Elucidating The Attentional And Neural Mechanisms Associated With Mental Rotation Skill Development, Katherine C. Moen, Melissa R. Beck, Stephanie M. Saltzmann, Tovah M. Cowan, Lauryn M. Burleigh, Leslie G. Butler, Jagannathan Ramanujam, Alex S. Cohen, Steven G. Greening Dec 2020

Strengthening Spatial Reasoning: Elucidating The Attentional And Neural Mechanisms Associated With Mental Rotation Skill Development, Katherine C. Moen, Melissa R. Beck, Stephanie M. Saltzmann, Tovah M. Cowan, Lauryn M. Burleigh, Leslie G. Butler, Jagannathan Ramanujam, Alex S. Cohen, Steven G. Greening

Faculty Publications

© 2020, The Author(s). Spatial reasoning is a critical skill in many everyday tasks and in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics disciplines. The current study examined how training on mental rotation (a spatial reasoning task) impacts the completeness of an encoded representation and the ability to rotate the representation. We used a multisession, multimethod design with an active control group to determine how mental rotation ability impacts performance for a trained stimulus category and an untrained stimulus category. Participants in the experimental group (n = 18) showed greater improvement than the active control group (n = 18) on the mental …

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Impact Of Local Stiffness On Entropy Driven Microscopic Dynamics Of Polythiophene, Sudipta Gupta, Sourav Chatterjee, Piotr Zolnierczuk, Evgueni E. Nesterov, Gerald J. Schneider Dec 2020

Impact Of Local Stiffness On Entropy Driven Microscopic Dynamics Of Polythiophene, Sudipta Gupta, Sourav Chatterjee, Piotr Zolnierczuk, Evgueni E. Nesterov, Gerald J. Schneider

Faculty Publications

© 2020, The Author(s). We exploited the high temporal and spatial resolution of neutron spin echo spectroscopy to investigate the large-scale dynamics of semiflexible conjugated polymer chains in solutions. We used a generalized approach of the well-established Zimm model of flexible polymers to describe the relaxation mode spectra of locally stiff polythiophene chains. The Zimm mode analysis confirms the existence of beads with a finite length that corresponds to a reduced number of segmental modes in semiflexible chains. Irrespective of the temperature and the molecular weight of the conjugated polymer, we witness a universal behavior of the local chain stiffness …

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Comparison Of Conventional And Advanced Radiotherapy Techniques For Left-Sided Breast Cancer After Breast Conserving Surgery, Yibo Xie, Daniel Bourgeois, Beibei Guo, Rui Zhang Dec 2020

Comparison Of Conventional And Advanced Radiotherapy Techniques For Left-Sided Breast Cancer After Breast Conserving Surgery, Yibo Xie, Daniel Bourgeois, Beibei Guo, Rui Zhang

Faculty Publications

Whole breast radiotherapy (WBRT) after breast conserving surgery is the standard treatment to prevent recurrence and metastasis of early stage breast cancer. This study aims to compare seven WBRT techniques including conventional tangential, field-in-field (FIF), hybrid intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT), IMRT, standard volumetric modulated arc therapy (STD-VMAT), noncoplanar VMAT (NC-VMAT), and multiple arc VMAT (MA-VMAT). Fifteen patients who were previously diagnosed with left-sided early stage breast cancer and treated in our clinic were selected for this study. WBRT plans were created for these patients and were evaluated based on target coverage and normal tissue toxicities. All techniques produced clinically acceptable WBRT …

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Enhanced Hanbury Brown And Twiss Interferometry Using Parametric Amplification, Xiaoping Ma, Chenglong You, Sushovit Adhikari, Yongjian Gu, Omar S. Magaña-Loaiza, Jonathan P. Dowling, Hwang Lee Dec 2020

Enhanced Hanbury Brown And Twiss Interferometry Using Parametric Amplification, Xiaoping Ma, Chenglong You, Sushovit Adhikari, Yongjian Gu, Omar S. Magaña-Loaiza, Jonathan P. Dowling, Hwang Lee

Faculty Publications

The Hanbury Brown and Twiss (HBT) interferometer was proposed to observe intensity correlations of starlight to measure a star’s angular diameter. As the intensity of light that reaches the detector from a star is very weak, one cannot usually get a workable signal-to-noise ratio. We propose an improved HBT interferometric scheme incorporating optical parametric amplifiers (OPA) into the system to amplify the correlation signal. Remarkably, for weak star light, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in the new HBT interferometric scheme is much better than that of conventional HBT interferometer. Our work is valuable in measuring a star whose intensity at the …

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Women Leaders And Policy Compliance During A Public Health Crisis, Nichole M. Bauer, Jeong Hyun Kim, Yesola Kweon Dec 2020

Women Leaders And Policy Compliance During A Public Health Crisis, Nichole M. Bauer, Jeong Hyun Kim, Yesola Kweon

Faculty Publications

How does the gender of a political leader affect policy compliance of the public during a public health crisis? State and national leaders have taken a variety of policy measures to combat the COVID-19 pandemic, with varying levels of success. While many female leaders have been credited with containing the spread of COVID-19, often through implementing strict policy measures, there is little understanding of how individuals respond to public health policy recommendations made by female and male leaders. This article investigates whether citizens are more willing to comply with strict policy recommendations about a public health issue when those recommendations …

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Enhanced Hanbury Brown And Twiss Interferometry Using Parametric Amplification, Xiaoping Ma, Chenglong You, Sushovit Adhikari, Yongjian Gu, Omar S. Magaña-Loaiza, Jonathan P. Dowling, Hwang Lee Dec 2020

Enhanced Hanbury Brown And Twiss Interferometry Using Parametric Amplification, Xiaoping Ma, Chenglong You, Sushovit Adhikari, Yongjian Gu, Omar S. Magaña-Loaiza, Jonathan P. Dowling, Hwang Lee

Faculty Publications

The Hanbury Brown and Twiss (HBT) interferometer was proposed to observe intensity correlations of starlight to measure a star’s angular diameter. As the intensity of light that reaches the detector from a star is very weak, one cannot usually get a workable signal-to-noise ratio. We propose an improved HBT interferometric scheme incorporating optical parametric amplifiers (OPA) into the system to amplify the correlation signal. Remarkably, for weak star light, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in the new HBT interferometric scheme is much better than that of conventional HBT interferometer. Our work is valuable in measuring a star whose intensity at the …

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Magic-Angle Semimetals, Yixing Fu, Elio J. König, Justin H. Wilson, Yang Zhi Chou, Jedediah H. Pixley Dec 2020

Magic-Angle Semimetals, Yixing Fu, Elio J. König, Justin H. Wilson, Yang Zhi Chou, Jedediah H. Pixley

Faculty Publications

Breakthroughs in two-dimensional van der Waals heterostructures have revealed that twisting creates a moiré pattern that quenches the kinetic energy of electrons, allowing for exotic many-body states. We show that cold atomic, trapped ion, and metamaterial systems can emulate the effects of a twist in many models from one to three dimensions. Further, we demonstrate at larger angles (and argue at smaller angles) that by considering incommensurate effects, the magic-angle effect becomes a single-particle quantum phase transition (including in a model for twisted bilayer graphene in the chiral limit). We call these models “magic-angle semimetals”. Each contains nodes in the …

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Evidence For Topological Semimetallicity In A Chain-Compound Tase3, Ahmad Ikhwan Us Saleheen, Ramakanta Chapai, Lingyi Xing, Roshan Nepal, Dongliang Gong, Xin Gui, Weiwei Xie, David P. Young, E. W. Plummer, Rongying Jin Dec 2020

Evidence For Topological Semimetallicity In A Chain-Compound Tase3, Ahmad Ikhwan Us Saleheen, Ramakanta Chapai, Lingyi Xing, Roshan Nepal, Dongliang Gong, Xin Gui, Weiwei Xie, David P. Young, E. W. Plummer, Rongying Jin

Faculty Publications

Among one-dimensional transition-metal trichalcogenides, TaSe3 is unconventional in many respects. One is its strong topological semimetallicity as predicted by first-principles calculations. We report the experimental investigations of the electronic properties of one-dimensional-like TaSe3 single crystals. While the b-axis electrical resistivity shows good metallicity with a high residual resistivity ratio greater than 100, an extremely large magnetoresistance is observed reaching ≈7 × 103% at 1.9 K for 14 T. Interestingly, the magnetoresistance follows the Kohler’s rule with nearly quadratic magnetic field dependence, consistent with the electron–hole compensation scenario as confirmed by our Hall conductivity data. Both the longitudinal and Hall conductivities …

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Deep Learning On The 2-Dimensional Ising Model To Extract The Crossover Region With A Variational Autoencoder, Nicholas Walker, Ka Ming Tam, Mark Jarrell Dec 2020

Deep Learning On The 2-Dimensional Ising Model To Extract The Crossover Region With A Variational Autoencoder, Nicholas Walker, Ka Ming Tam, Mark Jarrell

Faculty Publications

The 2-dimensional Ising model on a square lattice is investigated with a variational autoencoder in the non-vanishing field case for the purpose of extracting the crossover region between the ferromagnetic and paramagnetic phases. The encoded latent variable space is found to provide suitable metrics for tracking the order and disorder in the Ising configurations that extends to the extraction of a crossover region in a way that is consistent with expectations. The extracted results achieve an exceptional prediction for the critical point as well as agreement with previously published results on the configurational magnetizations of the model. The performance of …

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Prospects For Observing And Localizing Gravitational-Wave Transients With Advanced Ligo, Advanced Virgo And Kagra, B. P. Abbott, R. Abbott, T. D. Abbott, S. Abraham, F. Acernese, K. Ackley, C. Adams, V. B. Adya, C. Affeldt, M. Agathos, K. Agatsuma, N. Aggarwal, O. D. Aguiar, L. Aiello, A. Ain, P. Ajith, T. Akutsu, G. Allen, A. Allocca, M. A. Aloy, P. A. Altin, A. Amato, A. Ananyeva, S. B. Anderson, W. G. Anderson, M. Ando, S. V. Angelova, S. Antier, S. Appert, K. Arai, Koya Arai, Y. Arai, S. Araki Dec 2020

Prospects For Observing And Localizing Gravitational-Wave Transients With Advanced Ligo, Advanced Virgo And Kagra, B. P. Abbott, R. Abbott, T. D. Abbott, S. Abraham, F. Acernese, K. Ackley, C. Adams, V. B. Adya, C. Affeldt, M. Agathos, K. Agatsuma, N. Aggarwal, O. D. Aguiar, L. Aiello, A. Ain, P. Ajith, T. Akutsu, G. Allen, A. Allocca, M. A. Aloy, P. A. Altin, A. Amato, A. Ananyeva, S. B. Anderson, W. G. Anderson, M. Ando, S. V. Angelova, S. Antier, S. Appert, K. Arai, Koya Arai, Y. Arai, S. Araki

Faculty Publications

We present our current best estimate of the plausible observing scenarios for the Advanced LIGO, Advanced Virgo and KAGRA gravitational-wave detectors over the next several years, with the intention of providing information to facilitate planning for multi-messenger astronomy with gravitational waves. We estimate the sensitivity of the network to transient gravitational-wave signals for the third (O3), fourth (O4) and fifth observing (O5) runs, including the planned upgrades of the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo detectors. We study the capability of the network to determine the sky location of the source for gravitational-wave signals from the inspiral of binary systems of …

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The Superfgd Prototype Charged Particle Beam Tests, A. Blondel, M. Bogomilov, S. Bordoni, F. Cadoux, D. Douqa, K. Dugas, T. Ekelof, Y. Favre, S. Fedotov, K. Fransson, R. Fujita, E. Gramstad, A. K. Ichikawa, S. Ilieva, K. Iwamoto, C. Jesús-Valls, C. K. Jung, S. P. Kasetti, M. Khabibullin, A. Khotjantsev, A. Korzenev, A. Kostin, Y. Kudenko, T. Kutter, T. Lux, L. Maret, T. Matsubara, A. Mefodiev Dec 2020

The Superfgd Prototype Charged Particle Beam Tests, A. Blondel, M. Bogomilov, S. Bordoni, F. Cadoux, D. Douqa, K. Dugas, T. Ekelof, Y. Favre, S. Fedotov, K. Fransson, R. Fujita, E. Gramstad, A. K. Ichikawa, S. Ilieva, K. Iwamoto, C. Jesús-Valls, C. K. Jung, S. P. Kasetti, M. Khabibullin, A. Khotjantsev, A. Korzenev, A. Kostin, Y. Kudenko, T. Kutter, T. Lux, L. Maret, T. Matsubara, A. Mefodiev

Faculty Publications

A novel scintillator detector, the SuperFGD, has been selected as the main neutrino target for an upgrade of the T2K experiment ND280 near detector. The detector design will allow nearly 4π coverage for neutrino interactions at the near detector and will provide lower energy thresholds, significantly reducing systematic errors for the experiment. The SuperFGD is made of optically-isolated scintillator cubes of size 10×10×10 mm3, providing the required spatial and energy resolution to reduce systematic uncertainties for future T2K runs. The SuperFGD for T2K will have close to two million cubes in a 1920 × 560 × 1840 mm3 volume. A …

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First Results On Protodune-Sp Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber Performance From A Beam Test At The Cern Neutrino Platform, B. Abi, A. Abed Abud, R. Acciarri, M. A. Acero, G. Adamov, M. Adamowski, D. Adams, P. Adrien, M. Adinolfi, Z. Ahmad, J. Ahmed, T. Alion, S. Alonso Monsalve, C. Alt, J. Anderson, C. Andreopoulos, M. P. Andrews, F. Andrianala, S. Andringa, A. Ankowski, M. Antonova, S. Antusch, A. Aranda-Fernandez, A. Ariga, L. O. Arnold, M. A. Arroyave, J. Asaadi, A. Aurisano Dec 2020

First Results On Protodune-Sp Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber Performance From A Beam Test At The Cern Neutrino Platform, B. Abi, A. Abed Abud, R. Acciarri, M. A. Acero, G. Adamov, M. Adamowski, D. Adams, P. Adrien, M. Adinolfi, Z. Ahmad, J. Ahmed, T. Alion, S. Alonso Monsalve, C. Alt, J. Anderson, C. Andreopoulos, M. P. Andrews, F. Andrianala, S. Andringa, A. Ankowski, M. Antonova, S. Antusch, A. Aranda-Fernandez, A. Ariga, L. O. Arnold, M. A. Arroyave, J. Asaadi, A. Aurisano

Faculty Publications

The ProtoDUNE-SP detector is a single-phase liquid argon time projection chamber with an active volume of 7.2× 6.1× 7.0 m3. It is installed at the CERN Neutrino Platform in a specially-constructed beam that delivers charged pions, kaons, protons, muons and electrons with momenta in the range 0.3 GeV/c to 7 GeV/c. Beam line instrumentation provides accurate momentum measurements and particle identification. The ProtoDUNE-SP detector is a prototype for the first far detector module of the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment, and it incorporates full-size components as designed for that module. This paper describes the beam line, the time projection chamber, the …

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Neutron Star Mergers And How To Study Them, Eric Burns Dec 2020

Neutron Star Mergers And How To Study Them, Eric Burns

Faculty Publications

Neutron star mergers are the canonical multimessenger events: they have been observed through photons for half a century, gravitational waves since 2017, and are likely to be sources of neutrinos and cosmic rays.Studies of these events enable unique insights into astrophysics, particles in the ultrarelativistic regime, the heavy element enrichment history through cosmic time, cosmology, dense matter, and fundamental physics. Uncovering this science requires vast observational resources, unparalleled coordination, and advancements in theory and simulation, which are constrained by our current understanding of nuclear, atomic, and astroparticle physics. This review begins with a summary of our current knowledge of these …

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Octenidine/Carbenicillin Gumbos As Potential Treatment For Oropharyngeal Gonorrhoea, Kelsey M. Lopez, Jeffrey A. Hobden, Isiah M. Warner Dec 2020

Octenidine/Carbenicillin Gumbos As Potential Treatment For Oropharyngeal Gonorrhoea, Kelsey M. Lopez, Jeffrey A. Hobden, Isiah M. Warner

Faculty Publications

© The Author(s) 2020. Background: Reducing Neisseria gonorrhoeae colonies in the oropharynx is a viable solution to minimize the transmission of this bacterium amongst individuals. Objectives: A strategy involving the electrostatic interaction between a common antiseptic and a discontinued antibiotic (i.e. octenidine and carbenicillin) was evaluated as a potential treatment for gonorrhoea. Octenidine/carbenicillin is a novel group of uniform materials based on organic salts (GUMBOS) with inherent in vitro antibacterial activity that comes from its parent antiseptic and antibacterial ions, octenidine and carbenicillin, respectively. Methods: Antibacterial activities for octenidine dihydrochloride, disodium carbenicillin, octenidine/carbenicillin and stoichiometrically equivalent 1:1 octenidine dihydrochloride to …

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Qcm Sensor Arrays, Electroanalytical Techniques And Nir Spectroscopy Coupled To Multivariate Analysis For Quality Assessment Of Food Products, Raw Materials, Ingredients And Foodborne Pathogen Detection: Challenges And Breakthroughs†, David K. Bwambok, Noureen Siraj, Samantha Macchi, Nathaniel E. Larm, Gary A. Baker, Rocío L. Pérez, Caitlan E. Ayala, Charuksha Walgama, David Pollard, Jason D. Rodriguez, Souvik Banerjee, Brianda Elzey, Isiah M. Warner, Sayo O. Fakayode Dec 2020

Qcm Sensor Arrays, Electroanalytical Techniques And Nir Spectroscopy Coupled To Multivariate Analysis For Quality Assessment Of Food Products, Raw Materials, Ingredients And Foodborne Pathogen Detection: Challenges And Breakthroughs†, David K. Bwambok, Noureen Siraj, Samantha Macchi, Nathaniel E. Larm, Gary A. Baker, Rocío L. Pérez, Caitlan E. Ayala, Charuksha Walgama, David Pollard, Jason D. Rodriguez, Souvik Banerjee, Brianda Elzey, Isiah M. Warner, Sayo O. Fakayode

Faculty Publications

© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. Quality checks, assessments, and the assurance of food products, raw materials, and food ingredients is critically important to ensure the safeguard of foods of high quality for safety and public health. Nevertheless, quality checks, assessments, and the assurance of food products along distribution and supply chains is impacted by various challenges. For instance, the development of portable, sensitive, low-cost, and robust instrumentation that is capable of real-time, accurate, and sensitive analysis, quality checks, assessments, and the assurance of food products in the field and/or in the production line in a food …

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Mobilization Of Iron Stored In Bacterioferritin Is Required For Metabolic Homeostasis In Pseudomonas Aeruginosa, Achala N.D. Punchi Hewage, Leo Fontenot, Jessie Guidry, Thomas Weldeghiorghis, Anil K. Mehta, Fabrizio Donnarumma, Mario Rivera Dec 2020

Mobilization Of Iron Stored In Bacterioferritin Is Required For Metabolic Homeostasis In Pseudomonas Aeruginosa, Achala N.D. Punchi Hewage, Leo Fontenot, Jessie Guidry, Thomas Weldeghiorghis, Anil K. Mehta, Fabrizio Donnarumma, Mario Rivera

Faculty Publications

© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. Iron homeostasis offers a significant bacterial vulnerability because pathogens obtain essential iron from their mammalian hosts, but host-defenses maintain vanishingly low levels of free iron. Although pathogens have evolved mechanisms to procure host-iron, these depend on well-regulated iron homeostasis. To disrupt iron homeostasis, our work has targeted iron mobilization from the iron storage protein bacterioferritin (BfrB) by blocking a required interaction with its cognate ferredoxin partner (Bfd). The blockade of the BfrB–Bfd complex by deletion of the bfd gene (∆bfd) causes iron to irreversibly accumulate in BfrB. In this study we …

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Targeting Oxytocin Receptor (Oxtr)-Expressing Neurons In The Lateral Septum To Restore Social Novelty In Autism Spectrum Disorder Mouse Models, Machi Horiai, Ayano Otsuka, Shizu Hidema, Yuichi Hiraoka, Ryotaro Hayashi, Shinji Miyazaki, Tamio Furuse, Hiroaki Mizukami, Ryoichi Teruyama, Masaru Tamura, Haruhiko Bito, Yuko Maejima, Kenju Shimomura, Katsuhiko Nishimori Dec 2020

Targeting Oxytocin Receptor (Oxtr)-Expressing Neurons In The Lateral Septum To Restore Social Novelty In Autism Spectrum Disorder Mouse Models, Machi Horiai, Ayano Otsuka, Shizu Hidema, Yuichi Hiraoka, Ryotaro Hayashi, Shinji Miyazaki, Tamio Furuse, Hiroaki Mizukami, Ryoichi Teruyama, Masaru Tamura, Haruhiko Bito, Yuko Maejima, Kenju Shimomura, Katsuhiko Nishimori

Faculty Publications

© 2020, The Author(s). Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a continuum of neurodevelopmental disorders and needs new therapeutic approaches. Recently, oxytocin (OXT) showed potential as the first anti-ASD drug. Many reports have described the efficacy of intranasal OXT therapy to improve the core symptoms of patients with ASD; however, the underlying neurobiological mechanism remains unknown. The OXT/oxytocin receptor (OXTR) system, through the lateral septum (LS), contributes to social behavior, which is disrupted in ASD. Therefore, we selectively express hM3Dq in OXTR-expressing (OXTR+) neurons in the LS to investigate this effect in ASD mouse models developed by environmental and genetic cues. …

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First-Principles Computation Of Diffusional Mg Isotope Fractionation In Silicate Melts, Haiyang Luo, Bijaya B. Karki, Dipta B. Ghosh, Huiming Bao Dec 2020

First-Principles Computation Of Diffusional Mg Isotope Fractionation In Silicate Melts, Haiyang Luo, Bijaya B. Karki, Dipta B. Ghosh, Huiming Bao

Faculty Publications

© 2020 Elsevier Ltd Diffusional isotope fractionation occurs in geochemical processes (such as magma mixing, bubble growth, and crystal growth), even at magmatic temperatures. Isotopic mass dependence of diffusion is commonly expressed as [Formula presented], where Di and Dj are diffusion coefficients of two isotopes whose masses are mi and mj. How the dimensionless empirical parameter β depends on temperature, pressure, and composition remains poorly constrained. Here, we conducted a series of first-principles molecular dynamics simulations to evaluate the β factor of Mg isotopes in MgSiO3 and Mg2SiO4 melts using pseudo-isotope method. In particular, we considered interactions between Mg isotopes …

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Evidence For Simple Volcanic Rifting Not Complex Subduction Initiation In The Laxmi Basin, Peter D. Clift, Gérôme Calvès, Tara N. Jonell Dec 2020

Evidence For Simple Volcanic Rifting Not Complex Subduction Initiation In The Laxmi Basin, Peter D. Clift, Gérôme Calvès, Tara N. Jonell

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Body Size Trends In Response To Climate And Urbanization In The Widespread North American Deer Mouse, Peromyscus Maniculatus, Robert Guralnick, Maggie M. Hantak, Daijiang Li, Bryan S. Mclean Dec 2020

Body Size Trends In Response To Climate And Urbanization In The Widespread North American Deer Mouse, Peromyscus Maniculatus, Robert Guralnick, Maggie M. Hantak, Daijiang Li, Bryan S. Mclean

Faculty Publications

© 2020, The Author(s). Body size decline is hypothesized to be a key response to climate warming, including warming driven by urban heat islands. However, urbanization may also generate selective gradients for body size increases in smaller endotherms via habitat fragmentation. Here we utilize a densely sampled, multi-source dataset to examine how climate and urbanization affect body size of Peromyscus maniculatus (PEMA), an abundant rodent found across North America. We predicted PEMA would conform to Bergmann’s Rule, e.g. larger individuals in colder climates, spatially and temporally. Hypotheses regarding body size in relation to urbanization are less clear; however, with increased …

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Biological Control Agent Attack Timing And Population Variability, But Not Density, Best Explain Target Weed Density Across An Environmental Gradient, Nathan Harms, James Cronin Dec 2020

Biological Control Agent Attack Timing And Population Variability, But Not Density, Best Explain Target Weed Density Across An Environmental Gradient, Nathan Harms, James Cronin

Faculty Publications

© 2020, The Author(s). Spatial variation in plant–herbivore interactions can be important in pest systems, particularly when insect herbivores are used as biological control agents to manage invasive plants. The geographic ranges of the invasive plant alligatorweed (Alternanthera philoxeroides) and its biological control agent the alligatorweed flea beetle (Agasicles hygrophila) do not completely overlap in the southeastern USA, producing spatial heterogeneity in interaction strength that may be related to latitude-correlated environmental gradients. We studied this system near the range margin of the alligatorweed flea beetle to test whether spatial variation in alligatorweed density was best explained by agent mean or …

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The Effect Of Summer Drought On The Predictability Of Local Extinctions In A Butterfly Metapopulation, Erik Van Bergen, Tad Dallas, Michelle F. Dileo, Aapo Kahilainen, Anniina L.K. Mattila, Miska Luoto, Marjo Saastamoinen Dec 2020

The Effect Of Summer Drought On The Predictability Of Local Extinctions In A Butterfly Metapopulation, Erik Van Bergen, Tad Dallas, Michelle F. Dileo, Aapo Kahilainen, Anniina L.K. Mattila, Miska Luoto, Marjo Saastamoinen

Faculty Publications

© 2020 The Authors. Conservation Biology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society for Conservation Biology The ecological impacts of extreme climatic events on population dynamics and community composition are profound and predominantly negative. Using extensive data of an ecological model system, we tested whether predictions from ecological models remain robust when environmental conditions are outside the bounds of observation. We observed a 10-fold demographic decline of the Glanville fritillary butterfly (Melitaea cinxia) metapopulation on the Åland islands, Finland in the summer of 2018 and used climatic and satellite data to demonstrate that this year was an anomaly …

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An Enriched Sugarcane Diversity Panel For Utilization In Genetic Improvement Of Sugarcane, Nathanael D. Fickett, Leila Ebrahimi, Arnold P. Parco, Andres V. Gutierrez, Anna L. Hale, Michael J. Pontif, James Todd, Collins A. Kimbeng, Jeffrey W. Hoy, Tomas Ayala-Silva, Kenneth A. Gravois, Niranjan Baisakh Dec 2020

An Enriched Sugarcane Diversity Panel For Utilization In Genetic Improvement Of Sugarcane, Nathanael D. Fickett, Leila Ebrahimi, Arnold P. Parco, Andres V. Gutierrez, Anna L. Hale, Michael J. Pontif, James Todd, Collins A. Kimbeng, Jeffrey W. Hoy, Tomas Ayala-Silva, Kenneth A. Gravois, Niranjan Baisakh

Faculty Publications

Sugarcane crop is important for both sugar and biofuels. A world collection of sugarcane and related grasses (WCSRG) maintained at Miami, FL contains > 1,200 non-redundant clones of different species and genera within the Saccharum complex. However, linkage of undesirable alleles with useful genes in wild species has hindered its efficient utilization in sugarcane breeding. A core collection developed previously with smaller number of clones representing WCSRG did not take into account > 120 wild/exotic clones maintained at the USDA-ARS Sugarcane Research Unit in Houma, Louisiana. Moreover, the genome complexity and sub-tropical to temperate growing climate of Louisiana warrant a region-specific core …

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Development Of A Degree-Day Model To Predict Egg Hatch Of Aedes Albopictus, Kristen B. Healy, Emily Dugas, Dina M. Fonseca Dec 2020

Development Of A Degree-Day Model To Predict Egg Hatch Of Aedes Albopictus, Kristen B. Healy, Emily Dugas, Dina M. Fonseca

Faculty Publications

Aedes albopictus, the Asian tiger mosquito, is an important nuisance mosquito species and known vector of arboviruses such as dengue, chikungunya, and Zika. Despite their cosmopolitan distribution around the world, there is a paucity of accurate predictive models based on rates of development at different temperatures (degree-day models). These types of models can benefit mosquito control districts by predicting when to target early-season larval development, when populations are likely at their lowest levels. In this study, we determined the effect of temperature and nutrient levels on the development rates and male and female adult size of 2 Ae. albopictus populations: …

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Colletotrichum Truncatum Causing Anthracnose On Papaya Fruit (Carica Papaya) In Brazil, Willie Anderson Dos Santos Vieria, Angélica Dos Santos Nunes, Josiene Silva Veloso, Alexandre Reis Machado, Valdir Queiroz Balbino, Anthony Carlos Da Silva, André Ângelo Medeiros Gomes, Vinson Patrick Doyle, Marcos Paz Saraiva Câmara Dec 2020

Colletotrichum Truncatum Causing Anthracnose On Papaya Fruit (Carica Papaya) In Brazil, Willie Anderson Dos Santos Vieria, Angélica Dos Santos Nunes, Josiene Silva Veloso, Alexandre Reis Machado, Valdir Queiroz Balbino, Anthony Carlos Da Silva, André Ângelo Medeiros Gomes, Vinson Patrick Doyle, Marcos Paz Saraiva Câmara

Faculty Publications

Papaya anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum truncatum is reported for the first time in Brazil. The etiological agent was identified by a combination of morphological and molecular approaches. Pathogenicity was confirmed and Koch’s postulates fulfilled for a selected isolate from Porto Seguro, Bahia, Brazil.

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Fungicide Resistance In Cercospora Species Causing Cercospora Leaf Blight And Purple Seed Stain Of Soybean In Argentina, Francisco J. Sautua, Vinson P. Doyle, Paul P. Price, Alejandro Porfiri, Paula Fernandez, Maria M. Scandiani, Marcelo A. Carmona Dec 2020

Fungicide Resistance In Cercospora Species Causing Cercospora Leaf Blight And Purple Seed Stain Of Soybean In Argentina, Francisco J. Sautua, Vinson P. Doyle, Paul P. Price, Alejandro Porfiri, Paula Fernandez, Maria M. Scandiani, Marcelo A. Carmona

Faculty Publications

Cercospora species cause cercospora leaf blight (CLB) and purple seed stain (PSS) on soybean. Because there are few resistant soybean varieties available, CLB/PSS management relies heavily upon fungicide applications. Sensitivity of 62 Argentinian Cercospora isolates to demethylation inhibitor (DMI), methyl benzimidazole carbamate (MBC), quinone outside inhibitor (QoI), succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) fungicides, and mancozeb was determined in this study. All isolates were sensitive to difenoconazole, epoxiconazole, prothioconazole, tebuconazole, and cyproconazole (EC50 values ranged from 0.006 to 2.4 µg/ml). In contrast, 51% of the tested isolates were sensitive (EC50 values ranged from 0.003 to 0.2 µg/ml), and 49% were highly resistant …

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Larval Movement And Survival Of Helicoverpa Zea (Boddie) In Seed Blends Of Non-Bt And Bt Maize Containing Agrisure Viptera® Trait: Implications For Resistance Management, M. Dimase, I. Oyediran, S. Brown, W. Walker, J. Guo, W. Yu, Y. Zhang, J. Chen, Z. Wen, F. Huang Dec 2020

Larval Movement And Survival Of Helicoverpa Zea (Boddie) In Seed Blends Of Non-Bt And Bt Maize Containing Agrisure Viptera® Trait: Implications For Resistance Management, M. Dimase, I. Oyediran, S. Brown, W. Walker, J. Guo, W. Yu, Y. Zhang, J. Chen, Z. Wen, F. Huang

Faculty Publications

A seed blend refuge has been used to host susceptible insects for Bt maize insect resistance management (IRM) in the U.S. Maize Belt. One major concern in the use of seed blends is that larval movement among non-Bt and Bt plants could cause additional mortalities of susceptible insects. To address this concern, three caged-field trials were conducted to evaluate larval movement and survival of the corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), in eight seed blends of Cry1Ab/Vip3A maize with 0–30% non-Bt refuges. Each plot consisted of five rows and 21 plants in each row. Each plot was infested on the ear …

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Climate Change Models Predict Decreases In The Range Of A Microendemic Freshwater Fish In Honduras, Caleb D. Mcmahan, César E. Fuentes-Montejo, Luke Ginger, Juan Carlos Carrasco, Prosanta Chakrabarty, Wilfredo A. Matamoros Dec 2020

Climate Change Models Predict Decreases In The Range Of A Microendemic Freshwater Fish In Honduras, Caleb D. Mcmahan, César E. Fuentes-Montejo, Luke Ginger, Juan Carlos Carrasco, Prosanta Chakrabarty, Wilfredo A. Matamoros

Faculty Publications

© 2020, The Author(s). Despite their incredible diversity, relatively little work has been done to assess impacts of climate change on tropical freshwater organisms. Chortiheros wesseli is a species of Neotropical cichlid (Cichlidae: Cichlinae) restricted to only a few river drainages in the Caribbean-slope of Honduras. Little is known about this species and few specimens had been collected until recently; however, our work with this species in the wild has led to a better understanding of its ecology and habitat preferences making it an excellent model for how freshwater fishes can be affected by climate change. This study assesses the …

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