Digital Commons Network^™

Designing Context-Specific Physical Activity Interventions For English Primary Schools: Key Learning From A Four-Month Rapid Ethnography, Robert Walker, Danielle House, Simona Kent-Saisch, Alice Porter, Ruth Salway, Lydia Emm-Collison, Michael W. Beets Med, Mph, Phd, David Revalds Lubans, Frank De Vocht, Russell Jago

Faculty Publications

Background

Physical activity is essential for children’s health. Primary schools offer an opportunity to equitably promote physical activity. However, school-based interventions have been shown to have little to no effect, potentially due to a lack of consideration of school heterogeneity. This study reports on a rapid ethnography study that was used to capture insights into English primary schools physical activity. The data are intended to inform the design of a context-specific intervention to improve pupil physical activity.

Methods

Three researchers conducted a four-month rapid ethnography study within three primary schools in Bristol, UK, between March and July 2024. Several methods …

Designing Context-Specific Physical Activity Interventions For English Primary Schools: Key Learning From A Four-Month Rapid Ethnography, Robert Walker, Danielle House, Simona Kent-Saisch, Alice Porter, Ruth Salway, Lydia Emm-Collison, Michael Beets Med, Mph, Phd, David Revalds Lubans, Frank De Vocht, Russell Jago

Faculty Publications

Background

Physical activity is essential for children’s health. Primary schools offer an opportunity to equitably promote physical activity. However, school-based interventions have been shown to have little to no effect, potentially due to a lack of consideration of school heterogeneity. This study reports on a rapid ethnography study that was used to capture insights into English primary schools physical activity. The data are intended to inform the design of a context-specific intervention to improve pupil physical activity.

Methods

Three researchers conducted a four-month rapid ethnography study within three primary schools in Bristol, UK, between March and July 2024. Several methods …

A Perovskite Nanocomposite And Self-Assembled Nanoparticle-Decorated Cathode For Low Temperature Sofcs, Chunyang Yang, Guoan Wang, Xingjian Xue

Faculty Publications

One-pot route synthesis of an A-site Sm-doped simple perovskite with nominal composition Sm_0.10Ba_0.90Co_0.8Fe_0.2O_3−δ leads to a novel perovskite nanocomposite containing ∼90% A-site cation deficient cubic simple perovskite Ba0.925(Co/Fe)0.962Sm0.038O_3−δ and ∼10% orthorhombic layered perovskite SmBa(Co/Fe)₂O_5+δ. The synergy of the two phases in the nanocomposite results in high electrochemical kinetic properties at low temperatures. With the novel perovskite nanocomposite, a surface nanoparticle-decorated nanocomposite cathode is self-assembled through a one-step sintering process. The corresponding anode-supported cell delivers a peak power density of 1271 mW cm^{−2 …}

Super-Resolution Stimulated X-Ray Raman Spectroscopy, Kai Li, Christian Ott, Marcus Agåker, Phay J. Ho, Gilles Doumy, Alexander Magunia, Marc Rebholz, Marc Simon, Tommaso Mazza, Alberto De Fanis, Thomas M. Baumann, Jacobo Montano, Nils Rennhack, Sergey Usenko, Yevheniy Ovcharenko, Kalyani Chordiya, Lan Cheng, Jan Erik Rubensson, Michael Meyer, Thomas Pfeifer, Mette B. Gaarde, Linda Young

Faculty Publications

Propagation of intense X-ray pulses through dense media has led to the observation of phenomena such as atomic X-ray lasing^1,2, self-induced transparency³ and stimulated X-ray Raman scattering (SXRS)⁴. SXRS has been long predicted as a means to launch and probe valence-electron wavepackets and as a building block for nonlinear X-ray spectroscopies^5,6. However, experimental observations of SXRS to date^4,7,8 have not provided spectroscopic information, and theoretical modelling has largely implemented hard-to-realize phase-coherent attosecond pulses. Here we demonstrate SXRS with spectroscopic precision, that is, detection of valence-excited states in neon with a near Fourier-limited …

Creatine Monohydrate Supplementation For Older Adults And Clinical Populations, Darren G. Candow, Sergej M. Ostojic, Philip D. Chilibeck, Igor Longobardi, Bruno Gualano, Mark A. Tarnopolsky, Theo Wallimann, Terence Moriarty, Richard B. Kreider, Scott C. Forbes, Uwe Schlattner, Jose Antonio

Faculty Publications

Background: The biological process of aging is typically associated with a decrease in muscle quantity, muscle performance (primarily strength), bone mass and architecture, functionality and neurological/cognitive function. From a healthy aging perspective, interventions that have the potential to overcome or attenuate these decrements are clinically relevant.

Methods: We conducted a narrative review on the efficacy of creatine monohydrate supplementation (CrM) in older adults. Results: Accumulating research shows that CrM, primarily when combined with exercise training, is safe and has beneficial effects on measures of whole-body lean body mass, regional muscle size, muscle strength, bone area and thickness, functional ability, glucose …

Predicting Sleep And Sleep Stage In Children Using Actigraphy And Heartrate Via A Long Short-Term Memory Deep Learning Algorithm: A Performance Evaluation, Robert Weaver Med, Phd, James White, Olivia Finnegan, Hongpeng Yang, Zifei Zhong, Keagan Kiely, Catherine Jones, Yan Tong, Srihari Nelakuditi, Rahul Ghosal, David E. Brown, Russell R. Pate Ph.D., Gregory J. Welk, Massimiliano De Zambotti, Yuan Wang, Sarah Burkart, Elizabeth L. Adams Phd, Bridget Armstrong, Michael Beets Med, Mph, Phd

Faculty Publications

Children's ambulatory sleep is commonly measured via actigraphy. However, traditional actigraphy measured sleep (e.g., Sadeh algorithm) struggles to predict wake (i.e., specificity, values typically < 70) and cannot predict sleep stages. Long short-term memory (LSTM) is a machine learning algorithm that may address these deficiencies. This study evaluated the agreement of LSTM sleep estimates from actigraphy and heartrate (HR) data with polysomnography (PSG). Children (N = 238, 5–12 years,52.8% male, 50% Black 31.9% White) participated in an overnight laboratory polysomnography. Participants were referred be-cause of suspected sleep disruptions. Children wore an ActiGraph GT9X accelerometer and two of three consumer wearables(i.e., Apple Watch Series 7, Fitbit Sense, Garmin Vivoactive 4) on their non-dominant wrist during the polysomnogram. LSTM estimated sleep versus wake and sleep stage (wake, not-REM, REM) using raw actigraphy and HR data for each 30-s epoch. Logistic regression and random forest were also estimated as a benchmark for performance with which to compare the LSTM results. A 10-fold cross-validation technique was employed, and confusion matrices were constructed. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated to assess the agreement between research-grade and consumer wearables with the criterion polysomnography. For sleep versus wake classification, LSTM outperformed logistic regression and random forest with accuracy ranging from 94.1to 95.1, sensitivity ranging from 94.9 to 95.9 across different devices, and specificity ranging from 84.5 to 89.6. The addition of HR improved the prediction of sleep stages but not binary sleep versus wake. LSTM is promising for predicting sleep and sleep staging from actigraphy data, and HR may improve sleep stage prediction.

An Acoustofluidic Device For Sample Preparation And Detection Of Small Extracellular Vesicles, Jessica F. Liu, Jianping Xia, Joseph Rich, Shuaiguo Zhao, Kaichun Yang, Brandon Lu, Ying Chen, Tiffany Wen Ye, Tony Jun Huang

Faculty Publications

Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) have emerged as powerful vectors for liquid biopsy, offering a noninvasive window into the dynamic physiological and pathological states of the body. However, to fully leverage the clinical potential of sEV biomarkers, it is imperative to develop robust and efficient technologies for their isolation and analysis. In this study, we introduce a novel sharp-edge acoustofluidic platform designed for rapid and effective sample preparation, coupled with sensitive detection of specific sEV populations based on their surface markers. Our approach utilizes acoustically activated sharp-edge microstructures to concentrate bead-bound sEVs within the microfluidic device, facilitating immediate visualization by fluorescence …

How Multi-Scale Modeling Can Help Examine Social Determinants Of Health And Resulting Disparities, Kyoko Yoshida, Elsje Pienaar, Shalanda A. Bynum, Naomi Chesler, Mitchel J. Colebank, Jessie Heneghan, Nadra Tyus, Jasmine Miller-Kleinhenz, Bruce Y. Lee

Faculty Publications

Social determinants of health (SDOH) are the conditions in which people live, work, and play, and the wider set of factors (e.g., social and economic systems and policies) that shape a person’s daily life. SDOH can differ significantly across communities and populations, having positive impacts for some and negative impacts for others. Ultimately, this results in differences in health and disease distribution, that are known as health disparities. Despite the known impacts of SDOH and calls to characterize, address, reduce, and eliminate health disparities, they persist and, in some cases, have worsened. To address this challenge, a session at the …

Precision Spectral Measurements Of Chromium And Titanium From 10 To 250  Gev/N And Sub-Iron To Iron Ratio With The Calorimetric Electron Telescope On The International Space Station, O. Adriani, Y. Akaike, K. Asano, Y. Asaoka, E. Berti, P. Betti, G. Bigongiari, W. R. Binns, M. Bongi, P. Brogi, A. Bruno, N. Cannady, G. Castellini, C. Checchia, M. L. Cherry, G. Collazuol, G. A. De Nolfo, K. Ebisawa, A. W. Ficklin, H. Fuke, S. Gonzi, T. G. Guzik, T. Hams, K. Hibino, M. Ichimura, M. H. Israel, K. Kasahara, J. Kataoka, R. Kataoka, Y. Katayose, C. Kato, N. Kawanaka, Y. Kawakubo

Faculty Publications

The Calorimetric Electron Telescope (CALET), in operation on the International Space Station since 2015, collected a large sample of cosmic-ray (CR) iron and sub-iron events over a wide energy interval. In this Letter, we report an update of our previous measurement of the iron flux and we present-for the first time-a high statistics measurement of the spectra of two sub-iron elements Cr and Ti in the energy interval from 10 to 250  GeV/n. The analyses are based on 8 years of data. Differently from older generations of cosmic-ray instruments which, in most cases, could not resolve individual sub-iron elements, CALET …

Machine Tool Interoperability In Smart Manufacturing And Industry 4.0, M. R. Mccormick, Mohammed Shafae, Thorsten Wuest

Faculty Publications

Real-time decision making is supported by data-hungry emerging technologies such as machine learning and digital twins. Innovations in manufacturing process control utilizing these technologies are constrained by interoperability. Marketing materials, sales pitches, and academic literature portray interoperability on the factory floor as seamless and robust. However, this study demonstrates that in spite of plentiful mature standards, interoperability on the factory floor is neither seamless nor robust. To exemplify interoperability in the context of an established and widely adopted standard, this study analyzes the interoperability of machine tools produced by a premier equipment builder which has exceeded US$1 billion in sales …

Differences In Children’S Food And Beverage Consumption Between School And Summer: Three-Year Findings From The What’S Up (Undermining Prevention) With Summer Observational Cohort Study, Michael Beets Med, Mph, Phd, Sarah Burkart, Christopher D. Pfledderer, Elizabeth L. Adams Phd, Robert Weaver Med, Phd, Bridget Armstrong, Keith Brazendale, Xuanxuan Zhu, Alexander Mclain, Gabrielle Turner-Mcgrievy Ph.D., Rd, Russell R. Pate, Andrew T. Kaczynski, Amanda Fairchild, Brian Saelens, Hannah Parker, Amy L. Yaroch, Emily Eglitis, Anthony J. Holmes

Faculty Publications

Background

Summer vacation is a time when youth gain excessive weight. A key driver of unhealthy weight gain is poor dietary quality. The absence of consistent structure (e.g., school), is hypothesized to be one of the reasons for lower diet quality during summer. This study examined differences in school and summer dietary quality among a diverse cohort of children across three years. We also examined the impact of attending structured programs on children’s diets.

Methods

Parents of 1,032 children (age 5–14 years, 48% girls) completed a time use diary each day for 14-days during school (April/May) and again in summer …

Recent Insights Into Electrochemical Sensing Of Per- And Polyfluoroalkyl Substances, Christopher T. Lebarron, Pavithra Hosseini, Seyyedamirhossein Hosseini

Faculty Publications

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are widely studied due to their persistence, prevalence, and harmful effects on human and environmental health. Key challenges include improving detection methodologies, such as lowering detection limits, and developing more sensitive and selective approaches. Given the ubiquity of PFAS, effective sensing must be paired with remediation strategies that transform these pollutants into value-added or less toxic products. This perspective explores recent advances in electrochemical PFAS detection, highlighting challenges and future opportunities.

Recent Insights Into Electrochemical Sensing Of Per- And Polyfluoroalkyl Substances, Christopher T. Lebarron, Pavithra Hosseini, Seyyedamirhossein Hosseini

Faculty Publications

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are widely studied due to their persistence, prevalence, and harmful effects on human and environmental health. Key challenges include improving detection methodologies, such as lowering detection limits, and developing more sensitive and selective approaches. Given the ubiquity of PFAS, effective sensing must be paired with remediation strategies that transform these pollutants into value-added or less toxic products. This perspective explores recent advances in electrochemical PFAS detection, highlighting challenges and future opportunities.

An Upper-Mesopelagic-Zone Carbon Budget For The Subarctic North Pacific, Brandon M. Stephens, Montserrat Roca-Martí, Amy E. Maas, Vinícius J. Amaral, Samantha Clevenger, Shawnee Traylor, Claudia R. Benitez-Nelson, Philip W. Boyd, Ken O. Buesseler, Craig A. Carlson, Nicolas Cassar, Margaret Estapa, Andrea J. Fassbender, Yibin Huang, Phoebe J. Lam, Oliver Marchal, Susanne Menden-Deuer, Nicola L. Paul, Alyson E. Santoro, David A. Siegel, David P. Nicolson

Faculty Publications

Mesopelagic zone (MZ) carbon budgets comparing supply with demand can be difficult to constrain due to the temporal and spatial offsets between key sources and sinks, their associated uncertainties, and potential sampling biases. To address these challenges, the EXport Processes in the Ocean from RemoTe Sensing (EXPORTS) campaign increased the number and variety of simultaneous measurements to monitor temporal variability in the MZ carbon budget using both a Lagrangian frame of reference and long-term autonomous observations. In this study, we collate a comprehensive combination of new and previously published organic carbon supply and demand measurements collected from the surface (5 …

Electroexcitation Of Nucleon Resonances And Emergence Of Hadron Mass, Patrick Achenbach, Daniel S. Carman, Ralf Gothe, Kyungseon Joo, Victor I. Mokeev, Craig D. Roberts

Faculty Publications

Developing an understanding of phenomena driven by the emergence of hadron mass (EHM) is one of the most challenging problems in the Standard Model. This discussion focuses on the impact of results on nucleon resonance (N*) electroexcitation amplitudes (or γ_vpN*) obtained from experiments during the 6 GeV era in Hall B at Jefferson Lab on understanding EHM. Analyzed using continuum Schwinger function methods (CSMs), these results have revealed new pathways for the elucidation of EHM. A good description of the Δ (1232) 3/2⁺, N (1440) 1/2⁺, and Δ (1600) 3/2^{+ …}

Human Contributions To Global Soundscapes Are Less Predictable Than The Acoustic Rhythms Of Wildlife, Panu Somervuo, Tomas Roslin, Brian L. Fisher, Bess Hardwick, Deirdre Kerdraon, Dimby Raharinjanahary, Eric Tsiriniaina Rajoelison, Patrik Lauha, Lukas Griem, Petteri Lehikoinen, Pekka Niittynen, Esko Piirainen, Markus Lumme, Ville-Matti Riihikoski, Orlando Acevedo-Charry, Solny A. Adalsteinsson, Maaz Ahmad, Sandra Alcobia, Jón Aldará, Tad Dallas

Faculty Publications

Across the world, human (anthropophonic) sounds add to sounds of biological (biophonic) and geophysical (geophonic) origin, with human contributions including both speech and technophony (sounds of technological devices). To characterize society’s contribution to the global soundscapes, we used passive acoustic recorders at 139 sites across 6 continents, sampling both urban green spaces and nearby pristine sites continuously for 3 years in a paired design. Recordings were characterized by bird species richness and by 14 complementary acoustic indices. By relating each index to seasonal, diurnal, climatic and anthropogenic factors, we show here that latitude, time of day and day of year …

‘They Say There’S More Equality…’: Women’S Perspectives On Progress And Setbacks In Gender Equality In Northern Iceland During Times Of Crisis, Marya Rozanova-Smith, Embla Eir Oddsdóttir, Andrey N. Petrov

Faculty Publications

Enabling gender equality through the empowerment of women to fully participate in modern society is one of the most critical steps toward sustainable development. However, recent UN reports indicate that the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic have jeopardized the achievement of Sustainable Development Goal 5 by 2030 in many countries worldwide, including Iceland, which has consistently been ranked as a global leader in gender equality. The main objective of this qualitative study is to examine the gendered impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic by exploring women’s lived experiences during the crisis and its aftermath across the primary domains of gender equality—personal …

A Survey On Security Applications With Smartnics: Taxonomy, Implementations, Challenges, And Future Trends, Serigo Elizalde, Ali Alsabeh, Ali Mazloum, Samia Choeiri, Elie Kfoury, Jose Gomez, Jorge Crichigno

Faculty Publications

Over the last decade, network applications have grown exponentially, demanding high-speed interconnects. Unfortunately, chip manufacturers are approaching the upper limits of silicon-based computing with slow improvements in computational performance and energy efficiency. This trend has forced the industry to shift paradigms, moving from monolithic architectures to heterogeneous, domain-specific designs. Moreover, the ever-evolving threats compromise digital services and demand more scalable and flexible solutions to ensure service continuity in production networks. Smart Network Interface Cards (SmartNICs) are a product of this new paradigm, integrating domain-specific engines and general-purpose cores to offload various network infrastructure tasks, including those related to security. This …

Farewell To An Idea- The Coming End Of Tiered Scrutiny, Stephen Smith

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Let’S Teach More Accurate And Inclusive History! The Case Of Islamic Contributions To Mathematics And Science, Noah (Nuh) Aydin

Faculty Publications

Schools commonly teach a history of mathematics and science that is Eurocentric. This selective version of the history of science, called Classical Narrative by some, is rooted in colonial times and mindset, and has reinforced certain negative opinions about other cultures. It ignores or downplays contributions to mathematics and sciences from non-western civilizations, and falsely attributes many scientific discoveries to European scholars. Medieval Islamic Civilization, which had strong connections to Renaissance Europe, serves as a clear example of how this narrative is distorted. Based on research on primary sources since the middle of the 20th century, we now know that …

Investigating Hurricane-Induced Salt Variation Across The Land-Estuary-Ocean Continuum Using A Dynamically Coupled Hydrological-Ocean Model, Xiaochen Zhao, Z. George Xue, Daoyang Bao, John Warner, Yanda Ou

Faculty Publications

Salinity variations across the Land-Estuary-Ocean (LEO) continuum are critical for coastal ecosystems and impact the socioeconomic benefits to local communities. However, evaluating these variations is challenging due to the complex interactions of terrestrial and oceanic processes, including river discharge, winds, tides, sea level rise, and storms. This study incorporates a salinity module into a newly developed dynamically coupled hydrological-ocean model on the COAWST platform, which is, to the best of our knowledge, the first process-based modeling that achieves seamless two-way land-ocean water and salt exchanges across the LEO continuum, facilitating simulations of landward salt input and transport. Using Hurricane Florence …

Global Database For Naturally Occurring Radionuclides Associated With Offshore Oil And Gas Production, Ziran Wei, Songjie He, Stephanie Sharuga, Kanchan Maiti

Faculty Publications

This study compiles a comprehensive dataset on the occurrence, distribution, and potential impacts of Naturally Occurring Radionuclides (NORMs) near offshore oil and gas platforms. It encompasses data, including activities (Bq/l) and exposure levels (Msv), derived from various environmental matrices. A particular emphasis is placed on petroleum products and waste, such as produced water, scales, and sludges. The dataset contributes to a better understanding of the distribution of NORM wastes in marine environments, informs future radiological safety standards, contributes to the formulation of regulatory policies, and facilitates the design of mitigation strategies. The information—literature and data from five continents over the …

Water Exposure Time Distributions Controlled By Freshwater Releases In A Semi-Enclosed Estuary, Caitlin R.R. Turner, Matthew Hiatt

Faculty Publications

Freshwater diversions manage water shortages, salinity, and control floodwater by redirecting river flows; however, their full ecological and hydrological impact remains unknown. This study examines the Lake Pontchartrain Estuary in Louisiana using a hydrodynamic model and Lagrangian particle tracking to assess how diversion operations (open, closed) and tributary discharge levels (low, median, high) influence water exposure time—the cumulative duration water remains in a domain, including re-entry. Exposure time was analyzed based on the time required for 50%, 75%, and 90% of released particles ((Formula presented.), (Formula presented.), and (Formula presented.)) to leave a defined region of interest (ROI). Results show …

Whose Right(S)?: Civil Rights Impact Of Cultural Conflicts In The Curriculum, S. David Mitchell

Faculty Publications

Statutes seeking to prohibit the teaching of certain curricular topics that are considered divisive infringe upon the civil rights of students, parents, and teachers. The conflict over what should be taught implicates the rights of students, specifically their right to receive and to learn information; the rights of parents, specifically the right to control the education of their children; and the rights of teachers, specifically the First Amendment and academic freedom. “Anti-Woke” legislation, as it is broadly termed, is designed to silence those who seek to engage in the critical analysis of the structural and systemic barriers that have prevented …

Teaching With Ai - And Teaching Students To Use It Well, John Lande

Faculty Publications

This article argues that the rapid integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into legal practice creates an opportunity-and need-for legal educators to rethink and improve their courses. While some faculty fear that AI will erode students' skills or encourage academic dishonesty, thoughtful use of AI tools in legal education actually can promote deeper learning, improve student writing, and reveal how students actually think. The article distinguishes between summative and formative assessment and explains how AI can produce meaningful formative feedback. It offers specific examples of AI-based assignments that can help students build core professional skills, and it highlights the importance of …

From Disruption To Integration: Cryptocurrency Prices, Financial Fluctuations, And Macroeconomy, Zhengyang Chen

Faculty Publications

This paper examines cryptocurrency shock transmission to financial markets and the macroeconomy using a Bayesian structural VAR with Pandemic Priors from 2015 to 2024. By affecting overall risk appetite, cryptocurrency price shocks generate positive financial market spillovers, accounting for 18% of equity and 27% of commodity price fluctuations. Real economic effects are significant in driving investment but remain limited, contributing only 4% to unemployment and 6% to industrial production variance. However, cryptocurrency shocks explain 18% of price-level forecast error variance at long horizons. Narrative analysis reveals sentiment and technology as primary shock drivers. These findings demonstrate cryptocurrency's deep financial system …

Review Of The Hospital, Michael F. Russo

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Effectiveness Of A Telephone-Delivered Walk With Ease Program On Arthritis-Related Symptoms, Function, And Activity: A Randomized Trial, Christine Pellegrini Ph.D., Sara Wilcox Phd, Yesil Kim, Scott Jamieson, Katherine Devivo, Daniel Heidtke

Faculty Publications

Objective

Walk With Ease (WWE) is a six-week arthritis-appropriate evidence-based physical activity program traditionally offered in a face-to-face format. Because many populations encounter participation barriers to in-person programs, WWE was modified for telephone delivery (WWE-T). The short- and long-term effects of this program on physical activity and arthritis-related outcomes were examined.

Methods

Participants (n = 267) with arthritis were randomized to WWE-T or a wait list control. WWE-T participants received two telephone calls per week (one group and one individual call) for six weeks. Group calls focused on arthritis education and social support. Individual calls focused on problem-solving and goal …

Facing Faculty Fears About Ai, John Lande

Faculty Publications

This essay addresses a widespread but rarely voiced concern among faculty: the fear of appearing uninformed, unprepared, or even outmatched by students when incorporating AI into their teaching. While worries about cheating, hallucinations, de-skilling, and loss of control are legitimate, this essay encourages faculty to shift from fear to curiosity. It argues that acknowledging uncertainty can strengthen faculty–student relationships and model the curiosity and humility we hope to cultivate in students.

It outlines two general strategies for faculty: restricting AI use when students need to build foundational skills, and requiring it when students are ready to develop professional judgment using …

Getting Help From Ai To Update Your Syllabus (Even If You Think It's Just Fine), John Lande

Faculty Publications

Law school faculty often reuse the same syllabi from year to year, assuming that if a course "isn't broken," it doesn't need fixing. But with the upcoming NextGen Bar Exam, new lawyer licensing regimes, and the widespread use of artificial intelligence in legal practice, the context for teaching dispute resolution is changing rapidly.

This short article encourages faculty to reflect on their syllabi and consider how generative AI tools can support thoughtful, efficient updates. It offers practical strategies for adapting to bar exam and licensing developments, incorporating AI skills into courses, integrating representation and neutral perspectives, and redesigning assignments to …