Digital Commons Network^™

Divergent Controls Of Soil Organic Carbon Between Observations And Process-Based Models, Katerina Georgiou, Avni Malhotra, William R. Wieder, Jacqueline H. Ennis, Melannie D. Hartman, Benjamin N. Sulman, Asmeret Asefaw Berhe, A. Stuart Grandy, Emily Kyker-Snowman, Kate Lajtha, Jessica A. M. Moore, Derek Pierson, Robert B. Jackson

Faculty Publications

The storage and cycling of soil organic carbon (SOC) are governed by multiple co-varying factors, including climate, plant productivity, edaphic properties, and disturbance history. Yet, it remains unclear which of these factors are the dominant predictors of observed SOC stocks, globally and within biomes, and how the role of these predictors varies between observations and process-based models. Here we use global observations and an ensemble of soil biogeochemical models to quantify the emergent importance of key state factors – namely, mean annual temperature, net primary productivity, and soil mineralogy – in explaining biome- to global-scale variation in SOC stocks. We …

Flat Topological Bands And Eigenstate Criticality In A Quasiperiodic Insulator, Yixing Fu, Justin H. Wilson, J. H. Pixley

Faculty Publications

The effects of downfolding a Brillouin zone can open gaps and quench the kinetic energy by flattening bands. Quasiperiodic systems are extreme examples of this process, which leads to new phases and critical eigenstates. We analytically and numerically investigate these effects in a two-dimensional topological insulator with a quasiperiodic potential and discover a complex phase diagram. We study the nature of the resulting eigenstate quantum phase transitions; a quasiperiodic potential can make a trivial insulator topological and induce topological insulator-to-metal phase transitions through a unique universality class distinct from random systems. This wealth of critical behavior occurs concomitantly with the …

Dynamical Mean-Field Theory Of The Anderson-Hubbard Model With Local And Nonlocal Disorder In Tensor Formulation, A. Weh, Y. Zhang, A. Östlin, H. Terletska, D. Bauernfeind, K. M. Tam, H. G. Evertz, K. Byczuk, D. Vollhardt, L. Chioncel

Faculty Publications

To explore correlated electrons in the presence of local and nonlocal disorder, the Blackman-Esterling-Berk method for averaging over off-diagonal disorder is implemented into dynamical mean-field theory using tensor notation. The impurity model combining disorder and correlations is solved using the recently developed fork tensor-product state solver, which allows one to calculate the single particle spectral functions on the real-frequency axis. In the absence of off-diagonal hopping, we establish exact bounds of the spectral function of the noninteracting Bethe lattice with coordination number . In the presence of interaction, the Mott insulating paramagnetic phase of the one-band Hubbard model is computed …

Riverbed Dune Morphology Of The Lowermost Mississippi River – Implications Of Leeside Slope, Flow Resistance And Bedload Transport In A Large Alluvial River, Shuaihu Wu, Y. Jun Xu, Bo Wang, Heqin Cheng

Faculty Publications

Dunes are critical for understanding riverine sediment transport, deposition, flow resistance and channel flow processes. Although previous studies have examined the riverbed micromorphology of the Lower Mississippi River in the USA, our knowledge of detailed quantification of dune morphology in this and other large alluvial rivers is still limited. It is also not well understood how dunes in a straight channel reach and a meander bend differ in their characteristics, as well as how dune morphology may have been affected by human activities (i.e., river engineering). In this study, we utilized multi-beam bathymetric measurements over four 1.6–8.0 km long reaches …

Investigation And Statistical Modeling Of The Mechanical Properties Of Additively Manufactured Lattices, Derek G. Spear, Anthony N. Palazotto

Faculty Publications

This paper describes the background, test methodology, and experimental results associated with the testing and analysis of quasi-static compression testing of additively manufactured open-cell lattice structures. The study aims to examine the effect of lattice topology, cell size, cell density, and surface thickness on the mechanical properties of lattice structures. Three lattice designs were chosen, the Diamond, I-WP, and Primitive Triply Periodic Minimal Surfaces (TPMSs). Uniaxial compression tests were conducted for every combination of the three lattice designs, three cell sizes, three cell densities, and three surface thicknesses. In order to perform an efficient experiment and gain the most information …

Upper Limits On The Isotropic Gravitational-Wave Background From Advanced Ligo And Advanced Virgo's Third Observing Run, R. Abbott, T. D. Abbott, S. Abraham, F. Acernese, K. Ackley, A. Adams, C. Adams, R. X. Adhikari, V. B. Adya, C. Affeldt, D. Agarwal, M. Agathos, K. Agatsuma, N. Aggarwal, O. D. Aguiar, L. Aiello, A. Ain, T. Akutsu, K. M. Aleman, Tiffany Summerscales

Faculty Publications

We report results of a search for an isotropic gravitational-wave background (GWB) using data from Advanced LIGO's and Advanced Virgo's third observing run (O3) combined with upper limits from the earlier O1 and O2 runs. Unlike in previous observing runs in the advanced detector era, we include Virgo in the search for the GWB. The results of the search are consistent with uncorrelated noise, and therefore we place upper limits on the strength of the GWB. We find that the dimensionless energy density ωGW≤5.8×10-9 at the 95% credible level for a flat (frequency-independent) GWB, using a prior which is uniform …

Search For Anisotropic Gravitational-Wave Backgrounds Using Data From Advanced Ligo And Advanced Virgo's First Three Observing Runs, R. Abbott, T. D. Abbott, S. Abraham, F. Acernese, K. Ackley, A. Adams, C. Adams, R. X. Adhikari, V. B. Adya, C. Affeldt, D. Agarwal, M. Agathos, K. Agatsuma, N. Aggarwal, O. D. Aguiar, L. Aiello, A. Ain, P. Ajith, T. Akutsu, Tiffany Z. Summerscales

Faculty Publications

We report results from searches for anisotropic stochastic gravitational-wave backgrounds using data from the first three observing runs of the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo detectors. For the first time, we include Virgo data in our analysis and run our search with a new efficient pipeline called pystoch on data folded over one sidereal day. We use gravitational-wave radiometry (broadband and narrow band) to produce sky maps of stochastic gravitational-wave backgrounds and to search for gravitational waves from point sources. A spherical harmonic decomposition method is employed to look for gravitational-wave emission from spatially-extended sources. Neither technique found evidence of …

Search For Anisotropic Gravitational-Wave Backgrounds Using Data From Advanced Ligo And Advanced Virgo’S First Three Observing Runs, Ligo Scientific Collaboration, Virgo Collaboration, Kagra Collaboration, Tiffany Z. Summerscales

Faculty Publications

We report results from searches for anisotropic stochastic gravitational-wave backgrounds using data from the first three observing runs of the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo detectors. For the first time, we include Virgo data in our analysis and run our search with a new efficient pipeline called pystoch on data folded over one sidereal day. We use gravitational-wave radiometry (broadband and narrow band) to produce sky maps of stochastic gravitational-wave backgrounds and to search for gravitational waves from point sources. A spherical harmonic decomposition method is employed to look for gravitational-wave emission from spatially-extended sources. Neither technique found evidence of …

Upper Limits On The Isotropic Gravitational-Wave Background From Advanced Ligo And Advanced Virgo’S Third Observing Run, Ligo Scientific Collaboration, Virgo Collaboration, Kagra Collaboration, Tiffany Z. Summerscales

Faculty Publications

We report results of a search for an isotropic gravitational-wave background (GWB) using data from Advanced LIGO’s and Advanced Virgo’s third observing run (O3) combined with upper limits from the earlier O1 and O2 runs. Unlike in previous observing runs in the advanced detector era, we include Virgo in the search for the GWB. The results of the search are consistent with uncorrelated noise, and therefore we place upper limits on the strength of the GWB. We find that the dimensionless energy density ΩGW≤5.8×10−9 at the 95% credible level for a flat (frequency-independent) GWB, using a prior which is uniform …

The Lattice Thermal Conductivity In Monolayers Group-Va: From Elements To Binary Compounds, Lu Liu, Chengxiao Peng, Shujuan Jiang, Zhenzhen Feng, Guangbiao Zhang, Chao Wang, Peiyu Zhang, Ming Hu

Faculty Publications

The lattice thermal conductivity (k_L) of the monolayers of partial group-VA elements and binary compounds are systemically investigated by the first-principles calculations and phonon Boltzmann transport equation (PBTE), including aW-antimonene, α-arsenene, black phosphorus, α-SbAs, αSbP and α-AsP. The k_L values decrease with the increasing of atomic mass for these materials with similar geometry and valence structures. It is ascribed to phonon branches softening, low phonon group velocity, and large Grüneisen parameters. Due to the neutralization of phonon group velocity and phonon lifetime, k_L of binary compounds is between their corresponding elements. As the atomic radius …

Eating Competence And Dietary Intake Of Sexual And Gender Minority College Students, Sara Murphy, Jesse Stabile Morrell

Faculty Publications

Sexual and gender minority college students are underrepresented in nutrition research and may face unique challenges related to eating which impact their overall diet quality. We assessed the differences in eating competence and dietary intake between sexual and gender minority (SGM) and cisgender heterosexual (CH) college students. Participants (n = 2645) reported sexual orientation, gender identity and completed the Eating Competence Satter Inventory (ecSI 2.0™ through an online questionnaire. Three-day food records examined dietary intake. Intake was compared to recommendations for nutrients of public health concern. Chi-square and ANCOVA examined differences between eating competence and dietary intake. There were no …

Medication Adherence Reminder System For Virtual Home Assistants: Mixed Methods Evaluation Study, Cythnia F. Corbett, Elizabeth M. Combs, Peyton S. Chandarana, Isabel Stringfellow, Karen Worthy, Thien Nguyen, Pamela J. Wright Phd, Ms, Med, Rn, Cen, Jason M. O'Kane

Faculty Publications

Background: Medication nonadherence is a global public health challenge that results in suboptimal health outcomes and increases health care costs. Forgetting to take medicines is one of the most common reasons for unintentional medication nonadherence. Research findings indicate that voice-activated virtual home assistants, such as Amazon Echo and Google Home devices, may be useful in promoting medication adherence.

Objective: This study aims to create a medication adherence app (skill), MedBuddy, for Amazon Echo devices and measure the use, usability, and usefulness of this medication-taking reminder skill.

Methods: A single-group, mixed methods, cohort feasibility study was conducted with women who took …

It Takes A Village, Andrea Luxton

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Search For Gravitational Waves Associated With Gamma-Ray Bursts Detected By Fermi And Swift During The Ligo-Virgo Run O3a, R. Abbott, T. D. Abbott, S. Abraham, F. Acernese, K. Ackley, C. Adams, R. X. Adhikari, V. B. Adya, C. Affeldt, M. Agathos, K. Agatsuma, N. Aggarwal, O. D. Aguiar, A. Aich, L. Aiello, A. Ain, P. Ajith, G. Allen, A. Allocca, Tiffany Z. Summerscales

Faculty Publications

We search for gravitational-wave transients associated with gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) detected by the Fermi and Swift satellites during the first part of the third observing run of Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo (2019 April 1 15:00 UTC-2019 October 1 15:00 UTC). A total of 105 GRBs were analyzed using a search for generic gravitational-wave transients; 32 GRBs were analyzed with a search that specifically targets neutron star binary mergers as short GRB progenitors. We find no significant evidence for gravitational-wave signals associated with the GRBs that we followed up, nor for a population of unidentified subthreshold signals. We consider several …

Search For Gravitational Waves Associated With Gamma-Ray Bursts Detected By Fermi And Swift During The Ligo–Virgo Run O3a, Ligo Scientific Collaboration, Virgo Collaboration, Tiffany Z. Summerscales

Faculty Publications

We search for gravitational-wave transients associated with gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) detected by the Fermi and Swift satellites during the first part of the third observing run of Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo (2019 April 1 15:00 UTC–2019 October 1 15:00 UTC). A total of 105 GRBs were analyzed using a search for generic gravitational-wave transients; 32 GRBs were analyzed with a search that specifically targets neutron star binary mergers as short GRB progenitors. We find no significant evidence for gravitational-wave signals associated with the GRBs that we followed up, nor for a population of unidentified subthreshold signals. We consider several …

Andrographolide Attenuates Gut-Brain-Axis Associated Pathology In Gulf War Illness By Modulating Bacteriome-Virome Associated Inflammation And Microglia-Neuron Proinflammatory Crosstalk, Punnag Saha, Peter T. Skidmore, Larinda A. Holland, Ayan Mondal, Dipro Bose, Ratanesh K. Seth, Kimberly Sullivan, Patricia A. Janulewicz, Ronnie Horner, Nancy Klimas, Mitzi Nagarkatti, Prakash Nagarkatti, Efrem S. Lim, Saurabh Chatterjee

Faculty Publications

Gulf War Illness (GWI) is a chronic multi-symptomatic illness that is associated with fatigue, pain, cognitive deficits, and gastrointestinal disturbances and presents a significant challenge to treat in clinics. Our previous studies show a role of an altered Gut-Brain axis pathology in disease development and symptom persistence in GWI. The present study utilizes a mouse model of GWI to study the role of a labdane diterpenoid andrographolide (AG) to attenuate the Gut-Brain axis-linked pathology. Results showed that AG treatment in mice (100 mg/kg) via oral gavage restored bacteriome alterations, significantly increased probiotic bacteria , , and , the genera that …

Leveraging Natural Resources Toward Resilience: Outreach, Restoration, And Monitoring For A Resilient Nh Coast, Alyson Eberhardt, David M. Burdick, Gregg E. Moore

Faculty Publications

Both sound science and meaningful community engagement are critical to creating resilient coastlines given that important natural resources and high population densities coexist in these areas. Salt marshes and sand dunes provide important benefits to the people who live near them, such as mitigating flood impacts, when the condition of the ecosystem is robust enough to support such functions. To enhance the ability of these systems to perform ecosystem services, the goals of this project were to 1. Empower landowners to sustainably manage their own property to support coastal ecosystems and the benefits they provide, 2. Restore eroded sand dunes …

Effects Of Beach Nourishment Project On Coastal Geomorphology And Mangrove Dynamics In Southern Louisiana, Usa, Marcelo Cancela Lisboa Cohen, Adriana Vivan De Souza, Kam-Biu Liu, Erika Rodrigues, Qiang Yao, Luiz Carlos Ruiz Pessenda, Dilce Rossetti, Junghyung Ryu, Marianne Dietz

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

An Operational Overview Of The Export Processes In The Ocean From Remote Sensing (Exports) Northeast Pacific Field Deployment, David A. Siegel, Ivona Cetinic, Jason R. Graff, Craig M. Lee, Norman Nelson, Mary Jane Perry, Inia Soto Ramos, Deborah K. Steinberg, Ken Buesseler, Roberta Hamme, Andrea J. Fassbender, David Nicholson, Melissa M. Omand, Marie Robert, Andrew Thompson, Vinicius Amaral, Michael Behrenfeld, Claudia R. Benitez-Nelson, Kelsey Bisson, Emmanuel Boss, Et. Al.

Faculty Publications

The goal of the EXport Processes in the Ocean from RemoTe Sensing (EXPORTS) field campaign is to develop a predictive understanding of the export, fate, and carbon cycle impacts of global ocean net primary production. To accomplish this goal, observations of export flux pathways, plankton community composition, food web processes, and optical, physical, and biogeochemical (BGC) properties are needed over a range of ecosystem states. Here we introduce the first EXPORTS field deployment to Ocean Station Papa in the Northeast Pacific Ocean during summer of 2018, providing context for other papers in this special collection. The experiment was conducted with …

An Operational Overview Of The Export Processes In The Ocean From Remote Sensing (Exports) Northeast Pacific Field Deployment, David A. Siegel, Ivona Cetinić, Jason R. Graff, Craig M. Lee, Norman Nelson, Mary Jane Perry, Inia Soto Ramos, Deborah K. Steinberg, Ken Buesseler, Roberta Hamme, Andrea J. Fassbender, David Nicholson, Melissa M. Omand, Marie Robert, Andrew Thompson, Vinicius Amaral, Michael Behrenfeld, Claudia Benitez-Nelson, Kelsey Bisson, Emmanuel Boss, Philip W. Boyd, Mark Brzezinski, Kristen Buck

Faculty Publications

The goal of the EXport Processes in the Ocean from RemoTe Sensing (EXPORTS) field campaign is to develop a predictive understanding of the export, fate, and carbon cycle impacts of global ocean net primary production. To accomplish this goal, observations of export flux pathways, plankton community composition, food web processes, and optical, physical, and biogeochemical (BGC) properties are needed over a range of ecosystem states. Here we introduce the first EXPORTS field deployment to Ocean Station Papa in the Northeast Pacific Ocean during summer of 2018, providing context for other papers in this special collection. The experiment was conducted with …

Identification Of Human Kinin-Forming Enzyme Inhibitors From Medicinal Herbs, Hassan Madkhali, Amer Tarawneh, Zulfiqar Ali, Hoang V. Le, Stephen J. Cutler Ph.D.

Faculty Publications

The goal of this study was to assess the pharmacological effects of black tea (Camellia sinensis var. assamica) water extract on human kinin-forming enzymes in vitro. Tea is a highly consumed beverage in the world. Factor XII (FXII, Hageman factor)-independent- and -dependent activation of prekallikrein to kallikrein leads to the liberation of bradykinin (BK) from high-molecular-weight kininogen (HK). The excessive BK production causes vascular endothelial and nonvascular smooth muscle cell permeability, leading to angioedema. The prevalence of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI)-induced angioedema appears to be through BK. Both histamine and BK are potent inflammatory mediators. However, the treatments for histamine-mediated …

Cognitive Complaints In Age-Related Chronic Conditions: A Systematic Review, Nikki L. Hill, Sakshi Bhargava, Monique J. Brown, Hyejin Kim, Iris Bhang, Kaitlyn Mullin, Kathleen Phillips, Jacqueline Mogle

Faculty Publications

Introduction

Cognitive complaints in older adults may be indicative of progressive cognitive decline including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), but also occur in other age-related chronic conditions, complicating identification of early AD symptoms. To better understand cognitive complaints in aging, we systematically reviewed the evidence to determine their prevalence and characterization among older adults with the most common age-related chronic conditions.

Methods

This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement and the review protocol was prospectively registered with PROSPERO (ID: CRD42020153147). Searches were conducted in PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and …

Pl On The Dl: Domestic Violence Courts’ “Quiet Partnership” With Nonlawyer Advocates, Elizabeth Chambliss

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Molecular Markers Of Biogenic And Oil-Derived Hydrocarbons In Deep-Sea Sediments Following The Deepwater Horizon Spill, Isabel C. Romero, Jeffrey P. Chanton, Gregg Brooks, Samantha Bosman, Rebekka A. Larson, Austin Harris, Patrick Schwing, Arne Diercks

Faculty Publications

Following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill (DWHOS), the formation of an unexpected and extended sedimentation event of oil-associated marine snow (MOSSFA: Marine Oil Snow Sedimentation and Flocculent Accumulation) demonstrated the importance of biology on the fate of contaminants in the oceans. We used a wide range of compound-specific data (aliphatics, hopanes, steranes, triaromatic steroids, polycyclic aromatics) to chemically characterize the MOSSFA event containing abundant and multiple hydrocarbon sources (e.g., oil residues and phytoplankton). Sediment samples were collected in 2010–2011 (ERMA-NRDA programs: Environmental Response Management Application – Natural Resource Damage Assessment) and 2018 (REDIRECT project: Resuspension, Redistribution and Deposition of Deepwater …

Psycho-Affective Health, Cognition, And Neurophysiological Functioning Following Sports-Related Concussion In Symptomatic And Asymptomatic Athletes, And Control Athletes, V. Sicard, A. T. Harrison, Robert Davis Moore

Faculty Publications

Little is known about the neuropsychiatric and neurophysiological differences that characterize abnormal recovery following a concussion. The present study aimed to investigate the psycho-affective, cognitive, and neurophysiological profiles of symptomatic, slow-to-recover, concussed athletes, asymptomatic concussed athletes, and control athletes. Seventy-eight athletes (26 symptomatic, 26 asymptomatic, 26 control) completed the Beck Depression Inventory-II, Profile of Mood States, and 2-Back task. Additionally, event-related brain potentials were recorded during an experimental three-stimulus visual Oddball paradigm. Compared to asymptomatic and control groups, the symptomatic group reported greater depression symptoms and negatively altered mood states. Symptomatic athletes also exhibited poorer cognitive performance on the 2-Back …

Nanoparticles For Targeted Drug Delivery To Cancer Stem Cells: A Review Of Recent Advances, Yavuz Nuri Ertas, Keyvan Abedi Dorcheh, Ali Akbari, Esmaiel Jabbari

Faculty Publications

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a subpopulation of cells that can initiate, self-renew, and sustain tumor growth. CSCs are responsible for tumor metastasis, recurrence, and drug resistance in cancer therapy. CSCs reside within a niche maintained by multiple unique factors in the microenvironment. These factors include hypoxia, excessive levels of angiogenesis, a change of mitochondrial activity from aerobic aspiration to aerobic glycolysis, an upregulated expression of CSC biomarkers and stem cell signaling, and an elevated synthesis of the cytochromes P450 family of enzymes responsible for drug clearance. Antibodies and ligands targeting the unique factors that maintain the niche are utilized …

High-Throughput Computation Of New Carbon Allotropes With Diverse Hybridization And Ultrahigh Hardness, Mohammed Al-Fahdi, Alejandro Rodriguez, Tao Ouyang, Ming Hu

Faculty Publications

The discovery of new carbon allotropes with different building blocks and crystal symmetries has long been of great interest to broad materials science fields. Herein, we report several hundred new carbon allotropes predicted by the state-of-the-art RG² code and first-principles calculations. The types of new carbon allotropes that were identified in this work span pure sp² , hybrid sp²/sp³ , and pure sp³ C–C bonding. All structures were globally optimized at the first-principles level. The thermodynamic stability of some selected carbon allotropes was further validated by computing their phonon dispersions. The predicted carbon allotropes …

Memory Reduction Using A Ring Abstraction Over Gpu Rdma For Distributed Quantum Monte Carlo Solver, Weile Wei, Eduardo D'Azevedo, Kevin Huck, Arghya Chatterjee, Oscar Hernandez, Hartmut Kaiser

Faculty Publications

Scientific applications that run on leadership computing facilities often face the challenge of being unable to fit leading science cases onto accelerator devices due to memory constraints (memory-bound applications). In this work, the authors studied one such US Department of Energy mission-critical condensed matter physics application, Dynamical Cluster Approximation (DCA++), and this paper discusses how device memory-bound challenges were successfully reduced by proposing an effective "all-to-all"communication method - -a ring communication algorithm. This implementation takes advantage of acceleration on GPUs and remote direct memory access (RDMA) for fast data exchange between GPUs. Additionally, the ring algorithm was optimized with sub-ring …

Nanoparticles For Targeted Drug Delivery To Cancer Stem Cells: A Review Of Recent Advances, Yavuz Nuri Ertas, Keyvan Abedu Dorcheh, Ali Akbari, Esmaiel Jabbari

Faculty Publications

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a subpopulation of cells that can initiate, self-renew, and sustain tumor growth. CSCs are responsible for tumor metastasis, recurrence, and drug resistance in cancer therapy. CSCs reside within a niche maintained by multiple unique factors in the microenvironment. These factors include hypoxia, excessive levels of angiogenesis, a change of mitochondrial activity from aerobic aspiration to aerobic glycolysis, an upregulated expression of CSC biomarkers and stem cell signaling, and an elevated synthesis of the cytochromes P450 family of enzymes responsible for drug clearance. Antibodies and ligands targeting the unique factors that maintain the niche are utilized …

Using Cellular Automata Approach To Optimize The Hydropower Reservoir Operation Of Folsom Dam, Erfan Goharian, Mohammed Azizipour, Samuel Sandoval-Solis, Graham Fogg

Faculty Publications

While hydropower in California is one the main sources of renewable energy, population growth has continuously increased demand for energy. In addition, recent droughts reduced the amount of available water behind the hydropower dams to provide the water head needed to run the turbines in hydropower plants. A more sustainable alternative, instead of developing new infrastructure, is to enhance the daily operation of reservoirs to support hydropower generation. This study suggests a new optimal operation policy for Folsom Reservoir in California and hydropower plants, which maximizes hydropower generation and reduces flood risk. This study demonstrates the application of the cellular …