Digital Commons Network^™

Multiantenna Multisource Multirelay Spectrum Sharing Networks: Buffer-Aware Direct Link Activation For Higher Reliability And Lower Overhead, Omid M. Kandelusy, Nicholas J. Kirsch

Faculty Publications

Cooperative relaying can be implemented in spectrum sharing networks to extend the range of reliable communication. In this paper, we incorporate multiple-antenna technology and buffer-aided relaying to guarantee a highly reliable connectivity for the secondary network with several source nodes. The multi-antenna configuration for the sources and destination nodes suggests that there are several potential source-to- destination channels which can be auspicious for the network in two ways. First: to balance up the buffer states. Second: to expand the link selection opportunity at each time step. Motivated by this rationale, we propose a buffer-aware communication protocol to incorporate the direct …

Addressing Asian (In)Visiblity In The Academy, Shruti Rana, Cyra Akila Choudhury

Faculty Publications

To be Asian American in the legal academy is to be caught between a paradox and a dichotomy, with both marked by silencing and erasure. The paradox exists within the term "Asian American" itself, as "'Asian' and 'American' have historically been posed as antithetical" identities in U.S. history and jurisprudence. On one side is a representation of unassimilable perpetual foreignness with Asian bodies targeted for violence and unequal protection of the law often justified by their perceived threat to national security. On the other is the lure of assimilation, where the model minority myth offers a purported path into acceptance …

Clouded Precedent: Tandon V. Newsom And Its Implications For The Shadow Docket, Alexander Gouzoules

Faculty Publications

The Supreme Court’s “shadow docket”—the decisions issued outside its procedures for deciding cases on the merits—has drawn increasing attention and criticism from scholars, commentators, and elected representatives. Shadow docket decisions have been criticized on the grounds that they are made without the benefit of full briefing and argument, and because their abbreviated, per curiam opinions can be difficult for lower courts to interpret.

A spate of shadow docket decisions in the context of free-exercise challenges to COVID-19 public health orders culminated in Tandon v. Newsom, a potentially groundbreaking decision that may upend longstanding doctrines governing claims brought under the Free …

The Fourth National Guardianship: An Introduction, David M. English

Faculty Publications

This issue of the Syracuse Law Review contains the proceedings of the Fourth National Guardianship Summit, an interdisciplinary online conference with some 125 participants which was held in May 2021 and hosted by the Syracuse University College of Law. In addition to this Introduction, this issue of the Law Review contains the Recommendations approved by the Summit attendees, and the articles prepared for the Summit. The theme of the Fourth Summit was Maximizing Autonomy and Ensuring Accountability. The Recommendations fit this theme, including Recommendations to enhance the rights of persons subject to guardianship, to improve and increase the use of …

Food, Freedom, Fairness, And The Family Farm, Robin M. Rotman, Sophie Mendelson

Faculty Publications

The concept of the “family farm” holds powerful sway within the American narrative, embodying both nostalgia for an imagined past and anxiety for a future perceived to be under threat. Since the founding of the United States, this cultural ideal has been invoked in support of a rosy vision of agrarian democracy while obscuring the ways in which the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s codified definition of “family farm” has unfairly aggregated advantages for the benefit of a particular kind of family (nuclear) and farmer (white, male, straight). At the same time, consumers are misled by an under-interrogated conflation of family …

New York's Requirements For Contractual Definiteness With Application To The Formation Of Investment Vehicles, Royce De R. Barondes

Faculty Publications

A review of 82 modern New York cases reveals an unexpected frequency of authority requiring contractual definiteness as to what may reasonably appear to be minor terms.
Illustrative are cases holding inadequately definite ordinary ways preliminary agreements may express compensation on a percentage of net basis. Other unexpected authority (i) is less willing than expected to allow subsequent actions to provide sufficient definiteness to initially indefinite agreements and (ii) denies the enforceability of confidentiality provisions and a right of first refusal.
The survey includes some unexpected support for contracts specifying a plausibly material portion of the consideration with inadequate definiteness …

State Rejection Of Federal Law, Thomas B. Bennett

Faculty Publications

Sometimes the United States Supreme Court speaks, and states do not follow. For example, in 2003, the Arizona Supreme Court agreed to "reject" a decision of the U.S. Supreme Court, because no "sound reasons justif[ied] following" it. Similarly, in 2006, Michigan voters approved a ballot initiative that, according to the legislature that drafted it, sought "at the very least to freeze' the state's ... law to prevent" state courts from following a ruling of the U.S. Supreme Court. Surprising though this language may be, there is nothing nefarious about these cases. Cooper v. Aaron this is not. Unlike more notorious …

Charles Dickens' Novels In The Courts, Douglas E. Abrams

Faculty Publications

This article examines written judicial opinions that contain references to novels by Charles Dickens (1812-1870), the British novelist and social critic who is widely regarded as one of the greatest writers of the Victorian Age. Americans today still read Dickens’ best-known novels, and the U.S. Supreme Court and the lower federal and state courts have cited and quoted from them.

Guesswork With Quantum Side Information, Eric P. Hanson, Vishal Katariya, Nilanjana Datta, Mark M. Wilde

Faculty Publications

What is the minimum number of guesses needed on average to guess a realization of a random variable correctly The answer to this question led to the introduction of a quantity called guesswork by Massey in 1994, which can be viewed as an alternate security criterion to entropy. In this paper, we consider the guesswork in the presence of quantum side information, and show that a general sequential guessing strategy is equivalent to performing a single quantum measurement and choosing a guessing strategy based on the outcome. We use this result to deduce entropic one-shot and asymptotic bounds on the …

Testing Effects Of Lorentz Invariance Violation In The Propagation Of Astroparticles With The Pierre Auger Observatory, P. Abreu, M. Aglietta, J. M. Albury, I. Allekotte, K. Almeida Cheminant

Faculty Publications

Lorentz invariance violation (LIV) is often described by dispersion relations of the form E-i(2) = m(i)(2) + p(i)(2) + delta E-i,n(2+ n) with delta different based on particle type i, with energy E, momentum p and rest mass m. Kinematics and energy thresholds of interactions are modified once the LIV terms become comparable to the squared masses of the particles involved. Thus, the strongest constraints on the LIV coefficients delta(i,n) tend to come from the highest energies. At sufficiently high energies, photons produced by cosmic ray interactions as they propagate through the Universe could be subluminal and unattenuated over cosmological …

Testing Xrf Identification Of Marine Washover Sediment Beds In A Coastal Lake In Southeastern Texas, Usa, Harry F. L. Williams, Chelsea E. Beaubouef, Kam-Biu Liu, Nicholas Culligan, Lance Riedlinger

Faculty Publications

This study tests the ability of a novel approach to identifying washover beds in coastal lakes. Combined X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) and cluster analysis was used to identify hurricane washover beds in sediment cores from Clam Lake on the McFaddin National Wildlife Refuge in southeastern Texas. The lake is known to contain washover beds from recent hurricanes, but the washover sediment has similar microfossil, loss-on-ignition and textural characteristics to non-washover sediment and is not readily distinguishable. Sediment cores taken from marshes surrounding the lake do contain visually-recognizable sandy washover beds of Hurricanes Ike, Rita, Carla and Audrey. XRF analysis of these …

Structure Of A Monomeric Photosystem Ii Core Complex From A Cyanobacterium Acclimated To Far-Red Light Reveals The Functions Of Chlorophylls D And F, Christopher J. Gisriel, Gaozhong Shen, Ming-Yang Ho, Vasily Kurashov, David A. Flesher

Faculty Publications

Far-red light (FRL) photoacclimation in cyanobacteria provides a selective growth advantage for some terrestrial cyanobacteria by expanding the range of photosynthetically active radiation to include far-red/near-infrared light (700-800 nm). During this photoacclimation process, photosystem II (PSII), the water:plastoquinone photooxidoreductase involved in oxygenic photosynthesis, is modified. The resulting FRL-PSII is comprised of FRL-specific core subunits and binds chlorophyll (Chl) d and Chl f molecules in place of several of the Chl a molecules found when cells are grown in visible light. These new Chls effectively lower the energy canonically thought to define the "red limit" for light required to drive photochemical …

The Contributions Of Immediate Retrieval And Spaced Retrieval To Word Learning In Preschoolers With Developmental Language Disorder, Laurence B. Leonard, Justin B. Kueser, Patricia Deevy, Eileen Haebig, Jeffrey D. Karpicke, Christine Weber

Faculty Publications

Background and Aims: Children with developmental language disorder (DLD) benefit from word learning procedures that include a mix of immediate retrieval and spaced retrieval trials. In this study, we examine the relative contribution of these two types of retrieval.

Methods: We examine data from Haebig et al. (2019) in their study that compared an immediate retrieval condition and a condition of spaced retrieval that also included immediate retrieval trials. Participants were 4- and 5-year old children with DLD and same-age peers with typical language development. Each child learned novel (made-up) words referring to unusual plants and animals in both conditions. …

The Contributions Of Immediate Retrieval And Spaced Retrieval To Word Learning In Preschoolers With Developmental Language Disorder, L B. Leonard, J B. Kueser, P Deevy, E Haebig, L B. Leonard, C Weber

Faculty Publications

Background and Aims: Children with developmental language disorder (DLD) benefit from word learning procedures that include a mix of immediate retrieval and spaced retrieval trials. In this study, we examine the relative contribution of these two types of retrieval. Methods: We examine data from Haebig et al. (2019) in their study that compared an immediate retrieval condition and a condition of spaced retrieval that also included immediate retrieval trials. Participants were 4- and 5-year old children with DLD and same-age peers with typical language development. Each child learned novel (made-up) words referring to unusual plants and animals in both conditions. …

A Triple Threat: The Parastagonospora Nodorum Sntox267 Effector Exploits Three Distinct Host Genetic Factors To Cause Disease In Wheat, Jonathan K. Richards, Gayan K. Kariyawasam, Sudeshi Seneviratne, Nathan A. Wyatt, Steven S. Xu, Zhaohui Liu, Justin D. Faris, Timothy L. Friesen

Faculty Publications

Parastagonospora nodorum is a fungal pathogen of wheat. As a necrotrophic specialist, it deploys effector proteins that target dominant host susceptibility genes to elicit programmed cell death (PCD). Here we identify and functionally validate the effector targeting the host susceptibility genes Snn2, Snn6 and Snn7. We utilized whole-genome sequencing, association mapping, gene-disrupted mutants, gain-of-function transformants, virulence assays, bioinformatics and quantitative PCR to characterize these interactions. A single proteinaceous effector, SnTox267, targeted Snn2, Snn6 and Snn7 to trigger PCD. Snn2 and Snn6 functioned cooperatively to trigger PCD in a light-dependent pathway, whereas Snn7-mediated PCD functioned in a light-independent pathway. Isolates harboring …

The Parastagonospora Nodorum Necrotrophic Effector Sntox5 Targets The Wheat Gene Snn5 And Facilitates Entry Into The Leaf Mesophyll, Gayan K. Kariyawasam, Jonathan K. Richards, Nathan A. Wyatt, Katherine L.D. Running, Steven S. Xu, Zhaohui Liu, Pawel Borowicz, Justin D. Faris, Timothy L. Friesen

Faculty Publications

Parastagonospora nodorum is an economically important necrotrophic fungal pathogen of wheat. Parastagonospora nodorum secretes necrotrophic effectors that target wheat susceptibility genes to induce programmed cell death (PCD). In this study, we cloned and functionally validated SnTox5 and characterized its role in pathogenesis. We used whole genome sequencing, genome-wide association study (GWAS) mapping, CRISPR-Cas9-based gene disruption, gain-of-function transformation, quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis, haplotype and isoform analysis, protein modeling, quantitative PCR, and laser confocal microscopy to validate SnTox5 and functionally characterize SnTox5. SnTox5 is a mature 16.26 kDa protein with high structural similarity to SnTox3. Wild-type and mutant P. nodorum strains …

A New Detection Of The Invasive Mexican Rice Borer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) From Georgia In The United States Based On Morphological And Molecular Data, Ilgoo Kang, Blake Wilson, Blake Carter, Rodrigo Diaz

Faculty Publications

The Mexican rice borer, Eoreuma loftini (Dyar), is an invasive herbivore that attacks many gramineous host plants. The species is an economic pest of several grass crops in North America including sugarcane (Saccharum spp.), rice (Oryza sativa), corn (Zea mays), and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor). The species was first detected in the United States in 1980 and has since expanded its range eastward along the Gulf Coast reaching Louisiana in 2008. A disjointed introduction was detected in Florida in 2012, though range expansion of this population within the state has been limited. Most recently, a separate introduction was detected along the …

Context-Dependent Viral Transgenerational Immune Priming In Honey Bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae), Sarah Lang, Michael Simone-Finstrom, Kristen Healy

Faculty Publications

Transgenerational immune priming is the process of increased resistance to infection in offspring due to parental pathogen exposure. Honey bees (Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae)) are hosts to multiple pathogens, and this complex immune function could help protect against overwhelming infection. Honey bees have demonstrated transgenerational immune priming for the bacterial pathogen Paenibacillus larvae; however, evidence for viral transgenerational immune priming is lacking across insects in general. Here we test for the presence of transgenerational immune priming in honey bees with Deformed wing virus (DWV) by injecting pupae from DWV-exposed queens and measuring virus titer and immune gene expression. Our …

A Longitudinal Investigation Of The Semantic Receptive-Expressive Gap In Spanish-English Bilingual Children, Todd A. Gibson, Elizabeth D. Peña, Lisa M. Bedore, Kevin S. Mccarter

Faculty Publications

Although a semantic receptive-expressive gap appears to be a universal feature of early bilingualism, little is known about its development. We sought to determine if the magnitude of the discrepancy between receptive and expressive standard scores changed over time in bilingual children’s two languages. In this longitudinal study, standardized receptive and expressive semantics tests of 106 Spanish-English bilingual children with TD were taken at kindergarten and first grade in both English and Spanish. We used a multivariate analysis approach to identify interactions and main effects. Although both receptive and expressive standard scores improved across the year in both languages, the …

Genetic And Stress Influences On The Prevalence Of Hypertension Among Hispanics/Latinos In The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study Of Latinos (Hchs/Sol), Liana K. Preudhomme, Marc D. Gellman, Nora Franceschini, Krista M. Perreira, Lindsay E. Fernández-Rhodes, Linda C. Gallo, Carmen R. Isasi, Sylvia Smoller, Sheila F. Castañeda, Martha Daviglus, Christina Hutten, Richard S. Cooper, Jianwen Cai, Neil Schneiderman, Maria M. Llabre

Faculty Publications

Purpose: The current study examined the effects of chronic stress and a genetic risk score on the presence of hypertension and elevated systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure among Hispanics/Latinos in the target population of Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos. Materials and Methods: Of the participants (N = 11,623) assessed during two clinic visits (Visit 1 2008–2013 & Visit 2 2014–2018), we analysed data from 7,429 adults (50.4% female), aged 18–74, who were genotyped and responded to chronic stress questionnaires. We calculated an unweighted genetic risk score using blood pressure increasing single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) found to be …

Effects Of Testing And Disclosing Ancestry-Specific Genetic Risk For Kidney Failure On Patients And Health Care Professionals: A Randomized Clinical Trial, Girish N. Nadkarni, Kezhen Fei, Michelle A. Ramos, Diane Hauser, Emilia Bagiella, Stephen B. Ellis, Saskia Sanderson, Stuart A. Scott, Tatiana Sabin, Ebony Madden, Richard Cooper, Martin Pollak, Neil Calman, Erwin P. Bottinger, Carol R. Horowitz

Faculty Publications

Importance: Risk variants in the apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1 [OMIM 603743]) gene on chromosome 22 are common in individuals of West African ancestry and confer increased risk of kidney failure for people with African ancestry and hypertension. Whether disclosing APOL1 genetic testing results to patients of African ancestry and their clinicians affects blood pressure, kidney disease screening, or patient behaviors is unknown. Objective: To determine the effects of testing and disclosing APOL1 genetic results to patients of African ancestry with hypertension and their clinicians. Design, Setting, and Participants: This pragmatic randomized clinical trial randomly assigned 2050 adults of African ancestry with …

The Band Of American Ladies : Children’S Librarians And The Creation Of Children’S Literature In The Long 19th Century, Suzanne Stauffer

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Price Response Of The High Fructose Corn Syrup Industry In The United States: A Bertrand Model Application, Pablo A. Garcia-Fuentes, P. Lynn Kennedy, Gustavo F.C. Ferreira

Faculty Publications

This paper uses a Bertrand duopoly model application and derives a high fructose corn syrup (HFCS) price reaction function that shows the response of the price of HFCS to changes in the price of sugar. It conducts cointegration analysis and assesses the performance of the HFCS price reaction model by estimating a Dynamic Ordinary Least-Squares model. It finds that the prices of HFCS-55, sugar, and corn are cointegrated over the period 1981:1 to 2017:12. The estimated long-run relationship shows that a one percent increase in the price of sugar increases the price of HFCS-55 by 0.19 percent. Additionally, the price …

The Impact Of Cultivar Development And Cultural Practices On Louisiana Rice Yield, P. Lynn Kennedy, Andrew Schmitz, Steve Linscombe, Fangyi Zhang

Faculty Publications

This analysis investigates the impact of cultivar development and cultural practices on Louisiana rice (Oryza sativa L.) yield growth using the Chow test (Chow, 1960) in combination with regression analysis. The analysis examines the 1895–2019 period, and uses four scenarios in which one, two, three, and four subperiods show varying rates of rice yield growth in Louisiana. There has been a significant increase in Louisiana rice yields over time. However, the growth in yields for some of the subperiods is greater than for others. Our results of significant rice yield increase over time correspond with events such as the establishment …

Alternative Nesting Strategies Of Polistine Wasps In A Subtropical Locale, Scott Nacko, Mark A. Hall, Gregg Henderson

Faculty Publications

Phylogenetic studies suggest that historically all paper wasps (Vespidae: Polistinae) in North America have tropical origins, but some species have adapted to survive temperate conditions. Subtropical climates, which are intermediate between temperate and tropical, allow a unique opportu-nity to study ancestral traits which can be retained or lost within populations, and ultimately elucidate the process of social wasp evolution. We investigated the phenology of paper wasps at study sites in subtropical Baton Rouge, USA, through nest searching and monitoring of nest parameters throughout the warm season (March–October). Across the year, two periods of nest initiation occurred: from March–May (early season …

The Association Of The Development Of The Internal Reproductive Organs Of Male Desert Locusts, Schistocerca Gregaria (Orthoptera: Acrididae), With Age, Phase And The Effect Of Exposure To Pheromones, Satoshi Hiroyoshi, Takayuki Mitsunaga, Gadi V.P. Reddy

Faculty Publications

The regulation of the development of the male reproductive organs in insects is still an open question. Although the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria, has been extensively examined, there is little information on the effects of phase and pheromones on the development of the male reproductive organs. This study clarifi ed the association of these two factors with reproductive development (length or width of each organ) of the testis, testicular follicles, accessory glands, and seminal vesicles in this locust. The width of the follicles and width and length of the accessory gland mass are signifi cantly associated with phase (solitary or …

Holistic Management Of Pollinators And Pests: Integrating Semiochemicals With On-Farm Pesticides, Olabimpe O. Okosun, Gadi V.P. Reddy

Faculty Publications

Insect pollinators and insect herbivores affect plant reproduction and fitness. Floral displays are used to attract and manipulate pollinators' behavior to support plant sexual reproduction while rewarding the visitors with access to nectar and pollen. The plant-pollinator interactions use various semiochemicals as important communication channels for successful species interaction networks. Floral display and scents can also attract insect herbivores (in which case they act as kairomones). Consequently, semiochemical-color-based traps used for monitoring pest insects in crop fields often accidentally capture pollinators, and these interactions simultaneously affect pest monitoring, pollinator assemblages, and crop production in agroecosystems. An integrated interdisciplinary approach that …

Inference On Moderation Effect With Third-Variable Effect Analysis–Application To Explore The Trend Of Racial Disparity In Oncotype Dx Test For Breast Cancer Treatment, Qingzhao Yu, Lu Zhang, Xiaocheng Wu, Bin Li

Faculty Publications

Third variable effect refers to the effect from a third variable that explains an observed relationship between an exposure and an outcome. Depending on whether there is causal relationship, typically, a third variable takes the format of a mediator or a confounder. A moderation effect is a special case of the third-variable effect, where the moderator and other variables have an interactive effect on the outcome. In this paper, we extend the R package ‘mma’ for moderation analysis so that third-variable effects can be reported at different levels of the moderator. The proposed moderation analysis use tree-structured models to automatically …

On The Need For New Measures Of Phylogenomic Support, Robert C. Thomson, Jeremy M. Brown

Faculty Publications

The scale of data sets used to infer phylogenies has grown dramatically in the last decades, providing researchers with an enormous amount of information with which to draw inferences about evolutionary history. However, standard approaches to assessing confidence in those inferences (e.g., nonparametric bootstrap proportions [BP] and Bayesian posterior probabilities [PPs]) are still deeply influenced by statistical procedures and frameworks that were developed when information was much more limited. These approaches largely quantify uncertainty caused by limited amounts of data, which is often vanishingly small with modern, genome-scale sequence data sets. As a consequence, today's phylogenomic studies routinely report near-complete …

Influence Of Market Type And Time Of Purchase On Bacterial Counts And Salmonella And Listeria Prevalence In Whole Chickens In Vietnam, April K. Englishbey, Anuraj T. Sukumaran, Phuong T. T. Vu, Yen T. Thuc, Man V. V. Le, Dzung H. Nguyen, Paul R. Broadway, Lacey M. Guillen, Mindy M. Brashears, Janet R. Donaldson, M. Wes Schilling, Chelsie B. Dahlgren, Brian J. Rude, Mark A. Crenshaw, Thu T. N. Dinh

Faculty Publications

The objective of the current study was to determine the influence of market type and sampling time on Salmonella and Listeria prevalence and bacterial counts of 180 whole chicken carcasses collected from 6 supermarkets (SM), 6 indoor markets (IM), and 6 open markets (OM) in Vietnam, at opening (T0) and 4 h after the opening (T4). Salmonella and Listeria prevalence was at least 25.6% and 42.7%, respectively. Whole birds in IM had greater Salmonella prevalence than birds from both SM and OM by 28.4% and 23.0% (P = 0.006 and 0.022, respectively). Listeria prevalence was lower in whole chickens from …